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FPGA Basics Overview and Concepts

The document provides an overview of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), including their history, advantages, and disadvantages. It discusses the basic concept of FPGAs, programming methods, and the role of switches in their configuration. Additionally, it highlights specific FPGA models from Intel/Altera and Xilinx.

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naikmanasa776092025
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29 views13 pages

FPGA Basics Overview and Concepts

The document provides an overview of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), including their history, advantages, and disadvantages. It discusses the basic concept of FPGAs, programming methods, and the role of switches in their configuration. Additionally, it highlights specific FPGA models from Intel/Altera and Xilinx.

Uploaded by

naikmanasa776092025
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

FPGA Basics

Last updated 7/19/23


FPGA Basics
• Field Programmable Gate Array
• Long history
• PROM, PAL, CPLD
• Gate Array, Standard Cells

• Why FPGAs
• Rapid prototyping
• In field test / modification
• Rapidly changing technology / standard
• Low / mid volume production
• High volume → ASIC or ASSP

ELE 3510 2 © tj
FPGA Basics
• Advantages
• Flexibility
• Speed to market
• Well characterized

• Disadvantages
• COST
• Maximum clock frequency
• Power

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FPGA Basics
• Basic Concept
• Many small fixed circuits
+
• Multiple levels of interconnect
+
• Programmable connections

• Enhancements
• Fixed IP blocks
• Memory
• Processors
• Interfaces

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FPGA Basics
• FPGA – programmable
• 3 primary programming methods
• RAM
• Volatile
• Must be loaded on power-up
• Most common
• Electrically erasable (flash)
• Non-volatile
• Expensive
• Fuse / Anti-fuse
• Non-volatile

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FPGA Basics
• FPGA – programmable
• JTAG Programming Configurations
• On power-up, the contents of the Configuration Flash Memory
(default program) are loaded into the Configuration RAM
• Flashing lights and numbers we see on power up
• Load programming information (xx.sof file) directly into the
Configuration RAM via the JTAG interface (Programmer)
• Our configuration is loaded

xx.sof file Configuration


SRAM Object File RAM

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FPGA Basics
• FPGA – programmable
• SRAM based

Switches

Src: Altera - PLDBasics_FPGA_Architecture

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FPGA Basics
• FPGA – programmable
• Switches are programmed (On or Off) by connecting their
control inputs to C-RAM bit cells
• Switch configurations

CTL from CRAM

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FPGA Basics
• FPGA – programmable
• Switches connect a series of horizontal and vertical wires
• Connect wires to logic block inputs/outputs
• Allow connections to span across the chip

• Switches connect VDD and Gnd to the inputs of gates to


force 1/0 inputs
VDD Wire Gnd Wire

• Switches connect external pins to block inputs/outputs


Input Pin Wire Wire Output Pin

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FPGA Basics
• Intel/Altera Max 10

ELE 3510 10 Src: MAX 10 Device Handbook © tj


FPGA Basics
• Xilinx Versal

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FPGA Basics
• Xilinx Zynq

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FPGA Basics
• Intel/Altera Stratix 10

ELE 3510 13 © tj

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