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Histology Laminated Cards

The document provides detailed descriptions of various types of cartilage, bone, muscle, nerve tissues, and glands, highlighting their structural characteristics and examples. It includes information on hyaline, elastic, and white fibro cartilage, as well as compact bone and different muscle types (skeletal, cardiac, smooth). Additionally, it covers the anatomy of lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, salivary glands, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, cornea, and retina.

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18 views15 pages

Histology Laminated Cards

The document provides detailed descriptions of various types of cartilage, bone, muscle, nerve tissues, and glands, highlighting their structural characteristics and examples. It includes information on hyaline, elastic, and white fibro cartilage, as well as compact bone and different muscle types (skeletal, cardiac, smooth). Additionally, it covers the anatomy of lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, salivary glands, thyroid gland, pituitary gland, cornea, and retina.

Uploaded by

alternatebeautyy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

HYALINE CARTILAGE

 Covered by perichondrium except articular cartilage


 Consists of
o Cell nests or Isogenous groups
o Interstitial & Territorial matrix
 Ex : Nasal cartilages, costal cartilages, articular cartilages, Thyroid
cartilage, Tracheal cartilage

ELASTIC CARTILAGE
 Covered by perichondrium
 Chondrocytes in lacunae
 Matrix consists of Elastic fibres stained by verheoff’s stain (Bluish black)
 Ex: cartilages of Ear, Auditory tube, Epiglottis

WHITE FIBRO CARTILAGE


 No perichondrium
 Rows of chondrocytes in Lacunae
 Bundles of collagen fibres in Matrix
 Ex: Intervertebral discs, Intraarticular discs, Acetabular & Glenoidal
labrum
COMPACT BONE T.S
 Consists of osteocytes in lacunae with canaliculi
 Haversian canals, Volkmann’s canals transmits blood vessels & nerves
 Osteon : Haversian canal surrounded by 5 to 6 concentric lamellae
 3 types of lamellae
o Circumferential lamellae
o Concentric lamellae
o Interstitial lamellae

COMPACT BONE L.S

 Consists of osteocytes in lacunae with canaliculi


 Vertical sections of Haversian canals
 Volkmann’s canals connecting Haversian canals seen
SKELETAL MUSCLE
 Multinucleated parallel running fibres
 Peripherally placed nuclei
 Cross striations
 Alternate Dark (A-Band) & Light (I-Band)
 Sarcolemma(cell membrane), Sarcoplasm(cytoplasm), Sarcoplasmic
Reticulum( Endoplasmic Reticulum)

CARDIAC MUSCLE
 Branching & Anastomosing fibres
 Centrally placed oval nucleus
 Cell junctions are Intercalated discs
 Few cross striations within the fibres
 Seen in Myocardium of Heart
SMOOTH MUSCLE
 Each muscle fibre is Spindle shaped
 Centrally placed nucleus
 Tapering end of one fibre comes near broad part of another fibre
 Seen in the viscera

NERVE T.S OSMIC ACID


 Black ring arranged in groups seen( Myelin sheath)
 Osmic acid stains myelin sheath imparting black colour
DORSAL ROOT/SPINAL/ SENSORY GANGLION

 Surrounded by connective tissue capsule


 Groups of large ganglion cells (pseudounipolar) surrounded by Satellite
cells(capsular cells)
 Separated by bundles of nerve fibres with nuclei of Schwann cells ,
Neuroglial cells

SYMPATHETIC/ AUTONOMIC GANGLION

 Surrounded by connective tissue capsule


 Multipolar neurons surrounded by satellite cells
 Nerve fibres are scattered in between neurons, schwann cell nuclei
among fibres

MUSCULAR ARTERY
 Tunica media is thicker, Lumen is patent, Wall of artery is thicker than
the vein
 Tunica intima
o Endothelium
o Subendothelial C.T
o Prominent wavy Internal elastic lamina
 Tunica media
o Severs layers of Smooth muscle fibres
o Elastic fibres
o External elastic lamina
 Tunica adventitia
o Collagen , elastic fibres

ELASTIC/ LARGE ARTERY

 Elastic fibres form the bulk of tunica media


 About 50 layers of fenestrated sheets of elastic fibres in tunica media
 Tunica adventitia is thinner, consists of vasa vasorum
LARGE VEIN

 Wall is thinner, lumen is collapsed, valves are present


 Tunica adventitia is thicker than Tunica media with longitudinal
orientation of smooth muscle fibres in adventitia
 Internal elastic lamina is not prominent

LYMPH NODE

 Covered by capsule
 Subcapsular sinus is the identifying feature
 Network is formed by reticular fibres
 Consists of
o Outer cortex with lymphatic follicles & trabecular sinuses
o Inner medulla with cords of lymphocytes & medullary sinuses
o Paracortex is present in between follicles, between cortex &
medulla
SPLEEN
 Covered by capsule
 Thick septa or trabeculae
 Network is formed by reticular fibres
 Consists of
o Red pulp with splenic sinusoids covered by cords of billroth
o White pulp / malpighian corpuscle
 Eccentric arteriole surrounded by periarteriolar sheath of
lymphocytes
 Penicilli, ellipsoids

THYMUS
 Covered by capsule
 Network is formed by Epitheloid cells ( cellular)
 Thymic lobule with outer dark staining cortex & inner light staining
medulla
 Hassall’s/ Thymic corpuscles are pinkish bodies seen in the medulla of
aged thymus
PALATINE TONSIL

 Lymphatic nodules covered by stratified squamous non keratinized


epithelium
 Capsule covers the palatine tonsil from below
 Intra tonsillar crypt or cleft is a remnant if 2nd pharyngeal pouch

THIN SKIN / HAIRY SKIN


 Consists of Epidermis & Dermis
 Epidermis consists of
o Stratum basale, Stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum
lucidum, stratum corneum
o Melanocytes are seen in St. basale
 Dermis consists of
o Inner reticular layer
o Outer papillary layer
o Sweat glands , sebaceous glands, hair follicle, arrector pilorum
muscle
THICK SKIN
 Seen in palms & soles
 Stratum lucidum is difficult to see in epidermis
 Hair follicles & sebaceous glands are absent
 Dermal papillae are prominent in thick skin

TRACHEA
 Mucosa
o Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells
o Lamina propria with BALT
 Submucosa
o Connective tissue with seromucinous tracheal glands
 Hyaline cartilage
 Adventitia
o Connective tissue, blood vessels , nerves
LUNG

 Outermost covering is pleural serous layer


 Intra pulmonary bronchi consists of Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
epithelium with goblet cells, lamina propria, narrow smooth muscle
layer, submucosa with bronchial glands, cartilaginous plates, adventitia
 Bronchioles consists of Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
with occasional goblet cells, mucosal folds due to smooth muscle layer,
no bronchial glands &cartilaginous plates, adventitia
 Terminal bronchiole consists of ciliated columnar epithelium, , mucosal
folds due to smooth muscle layer , adventitia, less than 1mm in
diameter
 Respiratory bronchiole is lined by low columnar / cuboidal epithelium,
smooth muscle layer, thin layer of adventitia
 Alveoli are lined by type I, type II pneumocytes

TONGUE
 Mucosa consists
o Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium
o Underlying lamina propria with C.T & Von Ebners glands(serous
glands)
 Mucosal projections are papilla
 4 types
o Fungiform ,fungiform , foliate(absent in Humans), circumvallate
papilla
 Core of the tongue consists of skeletal muscle sectioned in longitudinal,
transverse, oblique planes
PAROTID / SEROUS SALIVARY GLAND

 Surrounded by C.T capsule


 Divided into lobes & lobules
 Serous acinus
o Lined by darkly stained pyramidal cells,rounded nucleus towards
centre of cell, Narrow lumen, Myoepithelial cells
 Ducts are intercalated ducts, striated ducts, interlobular ducts
 Blood vessels & nerves present in the septa & with in lobules

SUBMANDIBULAR / MIXED SALIVARY GLAND


 Consists of
o Serous acini (predominant)
o Mucous acini with large lumen, light stained cells, flattened
basal nucleus
o Some mucous acinus capped with crescent shaped serous
Demilunes seen
 Myoepithelial cells seen in the wall of acini
 Ducts are intercalated ducts, striated ducts, interlobular ducts
 Blood vessels & nerves present in the septa & with in lobules
SUBLINGUAL / MUCOUS SALIVARY GLAND
 Consists of
o Mucous acini (predominant)
o Some mucous acinus capped with crescent shaped serous
Demilunes seen
o Few serous acini seen
 Myoepithelial cells seen in the wall of acini
 Ducts are intercalated ducts which are short or absent, interlobular
ducts are non striated, interlobular ducts are present
 Blood vessels & nerves present in the septa & with in lobules

THYROID GLAND

 Thyroid follicles lined by cuboidal epithelium , filled with pinkish


colloid
 Parafollicular cells or c- cells present in between the follicles or
between the follicular cells & basement membrane secretes
calcitonin
 Numerous blood capillaries
PITUITARY GLAND
 Anterior lobe
o Clumps of cells with sinusoids in between the clumps
o Chromophils ( Acidophils, Basophils), chromophobes
 Posterior lobe
o Unmyelinated nerve fibres, pituicytes (Neuroglial cells)
o Herrings bodies store neurotransmitters
 Intermediate lobe
o Colloid filled vesicle like structures
 Intra glandular cleft is remnant of Rathke’s pouch

CORNEA
 5 layers
 Anterior corneal epithelium is stratified squamous non keratinized
epithelium
 Anterior limiting membrane/Bowmans membrane
 Corneal stroma consists of regularly arranged collagen fibres
 Posterior limiting membrane / Descemet’s membrane
 Posterior corneal epithelium made up of simple squamous epithelium
RETINA
 10 layers
 Pigment layer
 Layer of rods & cones
 Outer limiting membrane(outer processes of Mullers cells)
 Outer nuclear layer (Nuclei of rods & cones)
 Outer plexiform layer(synapses between Rods & Cones with Bipolar
cells)
 Inner nuclear layer(Nuclei of Bipolar cells, Muller’s cells, Amacrine cells,
Horizontal cells)
 Inner plexiform layer(synapses between Bipolar, Amacrine, Ganglionic
cells)
 Layer of ganglionic cells
 Layer of optic nerve fibres( axons of Ganglionic cells)
 Inner limiting membrane( inner processes of mullers cells)

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