A Firewall – A system that protects a computer network from hreats.

Algorithm – A set of steps to solve a problem. File – A collection of data stored in one unit.

Antivirus – Software that protects computers from viruses. Format – Preparing a storage device for use or erasing all data.

Application – A program designed for end users, like MS Word. G

B Gigabyte (GB) – Unit of data equal to 1,024 megabytes.

Browser – A program used to access the internet (e.g., Chrome). Graphics Card – Hardware that processes visual data.

Backup – Copying data for protection against loss. Google Drive – A cloud storage platform by Google.

Bandwidth – The amount of data that can be transmitted over a H

network.
Hardware – The physical parts of a computer.
C
Hard Drive – Storage device inside a computer.
CPU (Central Processing Unit) – The brain of the computer.
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) – Language used to create
Cloud Computing – Using online services to store/process data. websites.

Cache – A storage layer that saves data for quick access. I

D Input Device – Hardware that sends data to a computer (e.g.,

keyboard).
Database – A structured collection of data.
Internet – A global network connecting millions of computers.
Download – Transferring data from the internet to a device.
IP Address – Unique identifier for a computer on a network.
Device Driver – Software that allows hardware to communicate with
the OS. J

E Java – A popular programming language.

Email – Electronic mail. Joystick – An input device used for games.

Ethernet – A common method of connecting computers in a network. JPEG – A common image file format.

E-commerce – Buying/selling products online. K

F Keyboard – An input device used for typing.

Kernel – The core part of an operating system. Processor – Another name for the CPU.

Keylogger – A program that records keystrokes, often used Python – A popular programming language.
maliciously.
Q
L
QR Code – A type of barcode that stores information.
Laptop – A portable computer.
Query – A request for data or information from a database.
LAN (Local Area Network) – A network in a limited area.
QuickTime – A multimedia framework by Apple.
Linux – An open-source operating system.
R
M
RAM (Random Access Memory) – Temporary memory for active
Modem – A device that connects to the internet. processes.

Motherboard – Main circuit board in a computer. Router – A device that connects networks.

Malware – Malicious software intended to harm a system. Recycle Bin – Temporary storage for deleted files.

N S

Network – A group of connected computers. Software – Programs and operating systems on a computer.

Node – Any device connected to a network. Scanner – An input device that copies images/documents.

Notebook – Another name for a small laptop. Spreadsheet – A program (like Excel) used for data analysis

O T

Operating System (OS) – Software that manages hardware and Terabyte (TB) – 1,024 gigabytes.
software (e.g., Windows).
Trojan Horse – A type of malware that appears harmless.
Output Device – Hardware that receives data from a computer (e.g.,
monitor). Touchpad – A built-in input device on laptops.

Open Source – Software whose code is freely available.

P U

Program – A set of instructions for a computer. USB (Universal Serial Bus) – A port used for connecting devices.
Upload – Sending data from a device to the internet. Zoom – A video conferencing application.

Username – A name used to identify a user on a system. Zettabyte – 1,000 exabytes, a massive data unit.

Virus – A program that replicates and harms computers.

Virtual Reality (VR) – A computer-generated simulation.

VPN (Virtual Private Network) – A secure connection over the

internet.

Wi-Fi – Wireless networking technology.

Website – A collection of web pages.

Word Processor – Software used for creating documents (e.g., MS

Word).

XML (eXtensible Markup Language) – Used to store and transport

data.

Xbox – A gaming console by Microsoft.

X-axis – Used in graphics and geometry for positioning.

YouTube – A platform for sharing videos.

Yahoo – A web services provider.

Yottabyte – A unit of data equal to 1 trillion terabytes.

Z A
Zip File – A compressed file format. Applet – A small application that runs within a web browser.
Analog – A type of data represented in a continuous form. Ethernet Cable – A cable used to connect devices in a wired
network.
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) – A
character encoding standard for electronic communication. F

B Font – A set of characters with a specific style.

Bit (Binary Digit) – The smallest unit of data in computing. Function – A named section of code that performs a specific task.

Bluetooth – A wireless technology for exchanging data over short Fragmentation – When files are stored in non-contiguous spaces,
distances. slowing performance.

Bug – An error or flaw in a software program. G

C Gateway – A node that connects two different networks.

Command Line – A text-based interface used to enter commands. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) – A type of image file that
supports animation.
Compiler – A program that converts code into executable programs.
Google Docs – A cloud-based word processor.
Cybersecurity – Protection of computer systems from theft or
damage. H

D Hacker – A person who gains unauthorized access to systems.

DNS (Domain Name System) – Translates domain names into IP Hyperlink – A clickable link that directs to another location or page.
addresses.
Hosting – Storing and making a website accessible on the internet.
Desktop – The main screen area seen when using a computer.

Disk – A storage medium like a hard disk or CD.

I

Icon – A graphic symbol that represents a program or file.

Incognito Mode – A private browsing mode in web browsers.

E
Interface – The way a user interacts with software or hardware.
Executable File (.exe) – A file that runs a program when opened.
J
Extension – The suffix at the end of a file name (e.g., .docx, .jpg).
JavaScript – A programming language used for interactive web
features.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) – A common image file Network Topology – The layout of a computer network.
format.
O
Junction Box – A device used to manage network cables and wiring.
Online – Connected to the internet.
K
Office Suite – A collection of productivity software (e.g., MS Office).
Kilobyte (KB) – A unit of data equal to 1,024 bytes.
Output – Data sent from the computer to the outside world.
Keypad – A set of numeric keys, often on the right of a keyboard.
P
Keystroke – Pressing a key on the keyboard.
Pixel – The smallest unit of a digital image.
L
Phishing – Fraudulent attempts to get sensitive information.
Login – The process of gaining access to a computer or system.
PDF (Portable Document Format) – A file format for documents.
Link – A reference in a webpage to another webpage.

Logic Gate – A building block of digital circuits.

Queue – A list of tasks waiting to be processed.

M
Quick Access Toolbar – A toolbar that gives fast access to common
Monitor – An output device that displays visual information. commands.

Megabyte (MB) – A unit of data equal to 1,024 KB. Quad-Core – A processor with four cores for faster performance.

Motherboard – The main circuit board that connects all R

components.
Resolution – The number of pixels in a display.
N
ROM (Read-Only Memory) – Permanent memory that stores
Notebook – A portable personal computer (another term for essential instructions.
laptop).
Restart – To reboot or reload the operating system.
NIC (Network Interface Card) – Hardware to connect a computer to
a network. S
Server – A computer that provides services to other computers on a Web Browser – A program used to navigate the internet (e.g.,
network. Firefox).

Spreadsheet – Software for organizing data in rows and columns Webcam – A camera used to record or stream video.
(e.g., Excel).
Word Processor – Software for writing and editing text (e.g., Google
Syntax – The set of rules in a programming language. Docs).

T X

Taskbar – A bar at the bottom of the screen with open programs. XHTML – A stricter version of HTML.

Toolbar – A set of icons or buttons that provide shortcuts. Xbox Live – An online gaming service for Xbox.

Tab – A section or division in a window or browser. X-ray Scanner – In security systems, can also refer to high-tech
scanning tools.

U
Y
Utility Program – Software that helps manage and maintain the
computer. Yahoo Mail – An email service by Yahoo.

Uninstall – To remove a program from a computer. YAML – A human-readable data format often used for configuration.

Update – A newer version of software to improve performance or Y-axis – The vertical axis on a chart or graph.
security.
Z
V
Zoom Tool – A tool used to enlarge or reduce part of a screen or
Voice Recognition – Technology that converts spoken words into image.
text.
Zipping – Compressing files into one smaller package.
Virtual Machine – Software that emulates a real computer.
Zero-Day – A security vulnerability unknown to the software maker.
Volume – A storage area, such as a hard drive partition.