a.
External epicondyle 10-12 years, fuses 17-18 years
b. Internal epicondyle 5-8 years, fuses 17-18 years
c. Capitellum 1-3 years, fuses 17-18 years
d. Head of radius 5-6 years, fuses 16-19 years
e. Trochlea 1 1 th year, fuses 18th year
f. Olecranon 10-13 years fuses I6-20 years, mean 15yrs*.
CRIETO – 3-5-7-9-11-13
a. Head of humerus 1 year; b. Greater tuberosity 3 years, Lesser tuberosity 5 years
c. Two epiphyses for acromion 15-18 years, fuse by 25th year
d. Middle of coracoid process 1 year, fuses 15th year
e. Root of coracoid process 17 years, fuses 25th year
f. Inferior angle of scapula 14-20 years, fuses 22-25 years
g. Medial border of scapula 14-20 years, fuses 22-25 years
h. Sternal end of clavicle 18-20 years, fuses 25th year
CARPALS: 1yr: 2, 1.5yr: 2 + rad.epi., 3yr: 3, 4yr: 4, 5yr: 5/6, 6yr: 6 +/
ulnar epi., 7yr: 7 + ulnar epi., Pisiform: 11yr.
Ossification of the wrist, carpus, and hand.
A, Capitate 4 months.B, Hamate 4 months. C, Triquetral 3 years. D, Lunate 4-5 years.E,
Trapezium 6 years. F, Trapezoid 6 years. G, Scaphoid 6 years. H, Pisiform11 years.
I, Metacarpals 10th fetal week. J, Proximal phalanges 11th fetalweek. K, Middle phalanges 12th
fetal week. L, Distal phalanges 9th fetalweek. M, Middle phalanx of 5th digit 14th fetal week.
a. Lower end of radius 1-2 years, fuses 20th year - range starts from 17yrs*.
b. Lower end of ulna 5-8 years, fuses 20th year - range starts from 17yrs*.
c. Metacarpal heads 2; years, fuse 20th year
d. Base of proximal phalanges 2; years, fuse 20th year
e. Base of middle phalanges 3 years, fuse 18-20 years
f. Base of distal phalanges 3 years, fuse 18-20 years
g. Base of I st metacarpal 2z years, fuses 20th year.
ILEUM: a. Y-shaped cartilage-2 or more centres; b. Iliac crest; c. Anterior
inferior iliac spine; d. Pubic symphysis; e. Ischial tuherosity - Appear about
puberty-fuse 20-25 years.
HIP: a. 1 st year, fuses 18-20 years; b. 3-5 years, fuses 18-20 years; c. 8-14 years,
fuses 18-20 years
ILIAC CREST: 14yrs-fuses at 17 to 19yrs*
ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY: 14-16yrs & fuses at 20yrs*
STERNUM: XIPHISTERNUM >= 40yrs onwards* (35 to 45 yrs)
Manubrium Sterni > 60 yrs onwards*
SKULL: Lambdoid suture >= 40yrs onwards*
(Ref.: Text book of Radiology by Sutton mainly & Human skeletal in FM by
Wilton Marion Krogman – “*” Marked only)