PLUMBING MATERIALS,
FITTINGS AND
FICTURES
PRESENTED BY GROUP 2
PLUMBING MATERIALS
THERE ARE NUMEROUS KIND OF MATERIALS AVAILABLE FOR PLUMBING
INSTALLATION BUT SO FAR, THE MOST POPULAR AND COMMONLY USED
1. CAST IRON SOIL PIPE ARE:
2. ACID RESISTANT CAST IRON PIPE
3. ASBESTOS PIPE
4. BITUMINOUS FIBER SEWER PIPE
5. VITRIFIED CLAY PIPE
6. LEAD PIPE
7. GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE
8. GALVANIZED WROUGHT IRON PIPE
9. BRASS PIPE
10. COPPER PIPE
11. PLASTIC OR SYNTHETIC PIPE
12. STAINLESS STEEL PIPE
CAST IRON SOIL PIPE
DEFINITION: A PIPE MADE OF CAST IRON, COMMONLY USED FOR
DRAINAGE, WASTE, AND VENT SYSTEMS.
FUNCTION: IT CARRIES WASTEWATER AND SEWAGE FROM
BUILDINGS TO THE SEWER OR SEPTIC SYSTEM.
ACID-RESISTANT CAST IRON
PIPE
DEFINITION: A CAST IRON PIPE COATED WITH A PROTECTIVE
LAYER TO RESIST ACIDIC SUBSTANCES.
FUNCTION: USED IN CHEMICAL AND INDUSTRIAL PLANTS TO
TRANSPORT CORROSIVE LIQUIDS SAFELY.
ASBESTOS PIPE
DEFINITION: A PIPE MADE FROM ASBESTOS-CEMENT, KNOWN
FOR ITS DURABILITY AND RESISTANCE TO CORROSION.
FUNCTION: PREVIOUSLY USED FOR WATER DISTRIBUTION AND
DRAINAGE, BUT NOW LARGELY REPLACED DUE TO HEALTH
CONCERNS.
BITUMINOUS FIBER SEWER
PIPE
DEFINITION: A LIGHTWEIGHT PIPE MADE OF WOOD PULP FIBERS
BONDED WITH BITUMEN.
FUNCTION: USED IN LOW-PRESSURE SEWER AND DRAINAGE
SYSTEMS DUE TO ITS FLEXIBILITY AND AFFORDABILITY.
VITRIFIED CLAY PIPE
DEFINITION: A CERAMIC-BASED PIPE MADE FROM CLAY, FIRED AT
HIGH TEMPERATURES FOR STRENGTH.
FUNCTION: COMMONLY USED IN SEWER SYSTEMS DUE TO ITS
RESISTANCE TO CORROSION AND LONGEVITY.
LEAD PIPE
DEFINITION: A PIPE MADE FROM LEAD, ONCE WIDELY USED FOR
WATER SUPPLY LINES.
FUNCTION: HISTORICALLY USED FOR PLUMBING, BUT NOW
AVOIDED DUE TO TOXICITY CONCERNS.
GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE
DEFINITION: A STEEL PIPE COATED WITH ZINC TO PREVENT RUST
AND CORROSION.
FUNCTION: USED FOR WATER SUPPLY AND OUTDOOR PLUMBING,
THOUGH IT IS PRONE TO RUST OVER TIME.
GALVANIZED WROUGHT IRON
PIPE
DEFINITION: A WROUGHT IRON PIPE COATED WITH ZINC FOR
CORROSION RESISTANCE.
FUNCTION: USED FOR TRANSPORTING WATER, GAS, AND OTHER
FLUIDS IN RESIDENTIAL AND INDUSTRIAL SETTINGS.
BRASS PIPE
DEFINITION: A PIPE MADE FROM AN ALLOY OF COPPER AND ZINC,
OFFERING HIGH CORROSION RESISTANCE.
FUNCTION: USED IN HOT AND COLD WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEMS DUE TO ITS DURABILITY AND RESISTANCE TO MINERAL
BUILDUP.
COPPER PIPE
DEFINITION: A METAL PIPE MADE OF COPPER, COMMONLY USED
IN PLUMBING.
FUNCTION: USED FOR WATER SUPPLY LINES DUE TO ITS
CORROSION RESISTANCE AND ABILITY TO WITHSTAND HIGH
TEMPERATURES.
PLASTIC OR SYNTHETIC PIPE
DEFINITION: A PIPE MADE FROM SYNTHETIC MATERIALS SUCH AS
PVC, CPVC, OR PEX.
FUNCTION: USED IN PLUMBING, DRAINAGE, AND GAS SYSTEMS
DUE TO ITS LIGHTWEIGHT, DURABILITY, AND CHEMICAL
RESISTANCE.
STAINLESS STEEL PIPE
DEFINITION: A PIPE MADE FROM STAINLESS STEEL, KNOWN FOR
ITS STRENGTH AND CORROSION RESISTANCE.
FUNCTION: USED IN HIGH-PRESSURE APPLICATIONS, CHEMICAL
PROCESSING, AND FOOD-GRADE PIPING SYSTEMS.
PIPING MATERIALS
Pipe - is a round, hollow channel used to transport
liquids such as water or solid– liquid mixtures such as
wastewater from one point to the next
Types of Water Pipes: Pressure vs. DMV
1. Pressure Pipes
Used for water supply under pressure
Materials: PVC (Pressure-Rated), HDPE, Copper, Galvanized Steel,
Ductile Iron
Withstands internal pressure from pumps and gravity-fed systems
2. DMV (Drainage, Waste, and Vent) Pipes
Used for drainage, waste removal, and venting (non-pressurized)
Materials: PVC, ABS, Cast Iron
Relies on gravity flow instead of pressure
STEEL AND IRON PIPE
Black pipe is most used for natural gas supply
lines and fire suppression sprinkler system
lines. Steel pipe is typically cut and threaded
to fit the job. Fittings for this type of pipe are of
malleable (soft) cast iron. Steel pipe is
connected to its fittings with threaded
connections. Steel pipe also has a higher
friction loss than copper.
Cast iron pipe iscommonly used in
gravity building and storm drain/sewer
systems. Cast iron pipes and fittings are
limited to gravity pressure systems
Thermoplastic Pipe - sometimes referred to simply
as plastic pipe, is used for water supply systems
because its economy and easeof installation make it
popular, especially on projects such as low-cost
housing or apartments where cost economy is
important.
Composite Pipe - is a flexible pipe material that is
constructed of an aluminum tube laminated
between two layers of polyethylene thermoplastic.
Clay pipe is made from vitrified clay.
Concrete pipe is cast from concrete
FITTINGS
A variety of fittings must be used to connect pipe lengths and make all the pipe turns,
branch lines, couplings that join the straight runs, and stops at the end of the runs.
Tees - are used in a supply system when a line must branch Elbows - usually at 45° and 90°, are angular fittings used
off at a straight run. A reducing tee allows different pipe sizes to change the direction of a supply pipe. On a sanitary
to be joined together in a supply system. Sanitary T and
drainage system, a sanitary bend makes a more gradual
sanitary Y are tee-like fittings used in sanitary drainage
turn to prevent blockage.
systems that make a more gradual turn to prevent blockage.
Couplings are used to join straight runs of pipe.
A union joins straight runs of pipe but also allows the pipes
to be more easily disconnected when future piping
revisions are expected or equipment needs to be
replaced.
A reducer is a straight fitting used to decrease the
diameter in a pipe in a water supply system.
An increaser is a straight fitting used to increase the
diameter in a pipe in a sanitary drainage system.
Adapters - a reused in a supply system where
threaded pipe is being connected to copper or
thermoplastic. Adapters have one threaded end
to accommodate threaded pipe.
PLUMBING FIXTURES
A plumbing fixture is an approved receptacle, device, or appliance that uses water and discharges
wastewater such as a water closet, urinal, faucet, shower, dishwasher, drinking fountain, hose connection,
hose bibb, water heater, water softener, underground sprinkler, hot tub, spa, and clothes washer.
Bidets - are personal hygiene plumbing fixtures used Urinals - are plumbing fixtures that are commonly used
for genital and perineal cleanliness. It is typically used in public restrooms where it is desirable to reduce
after using the water closet. possible contamination of the water closet seats
Bathtubs - are plumbing fixtures used for bathing.
Showerhead - is an overhead nozzle that sprays
water down on the bather.
Lavatory - is a bathroom basin or sink used for
personal hygiene.
Kitchen Sinks - are most commonly made of
enameled cast iron or stainless steel.
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