DPP Functions

Answer Keys and Solutions BITSAT Crash Course

ANSWER KEYS
1. (2) 2. (3) 3. (4) 4. (4) 5. (1) 6. (4) 7. (2) 8. (2)
9. (3) 10. (1) 11. (3) 12. (2) 13. (1) 14. (4) 15. (1) 16. (2)
17. (2) 18. (2) 19. (2) 20. (3) 21. (4) 22. (2) 23. (1) 24. (2)
25. (3) 26. (2) 27. (1) 28. (1) 29. (1) 30. (1) 31. (1) 32. (1)
33. (1) 34. (3) 35. (1) 36. (1) 37. (1) 38. (4) 39. (3) 40. (3)

1. (2)
1− | x |
cos
−1
(
2
) is defined if
1− | x |
−1 ≤ ≤ 1
2

⇒ − 2 ≤ 1 −|x|≤ 2 ⇒ − 3 ≤ −|x|≤ 1

⇒ − 1 ≤|x|≤ 3

|x|≥ −1 is true for all real values of x .

|x|≤ 3 ⇒ − 3 ≤ x ≤ 3

1− | x |
Also, 4√cos −1
(
2
) is defined if
1− | x |
−1
cos ( )≥ 0
2

1− | x |
⇒ ≥ cos 0 = 1
2

⇒ 1 −|x|≥ 2

⇒|x|≤ −1 (not possible)

∴ Domain of f (x)=[−3,3]
2. (3) f (x)= √log ( | x | −1 )
(x
2
+ 4x + 4)

Case 1: 0 <|x|−1 < 1

Ie., 1 <|x|< 2 , then
2 2
x + 4x + 4 ≤ 1 ⇒ x + 4x + 3 ≤ 0

⇒ −3 ≤ x ≤ −1

So x ∈(−2, − 1)

Case 2: |x|−1 > 1

Ie., |x|> 2
2
x + 4x + 4 ≥ 1

⇒ x ∈(−∞, − 3]∪(2, ∞)

3. (4)
We have,
sin (x− [ x ] ) π
f (x)= e +[x]cos( )
[ x+1 ]

For f (x) to be defined,

[x + 1]≠ 0

⇒[x]+1 ≠ 0

⇒[x]≠– 1

⇒ x ∉[– 1, 0)

Hence, domain of f (x) is x ∈ R – [– 1, 0) .

4. (4) Here x + 3 > 0 & x
2
+ 3x + 2 ≠ 0

∴ x > −3& (x + 1)(x + 2) ≠ 0 , i.e., x ≠ −1, −2

∴ The domain=(−3, ∞)−{−1, −2}.

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5. (1)
Domain of f (x) is [1, 3]
2
1 ≤ log (x + 3x − 2)≤ 3
2

2
⇒ 2 ≤ x + 3x − 2 ≤ 8

It is the same as solving two inequalities.

Case 1 : x 2
+ 3x − 2 ≥ 2

or, x 2
+ 3x − 4 ≥ 0

or, (x + 4)(x − 1)≥ 0

∴ x ∈ (−∞, −4] ∪ [1, ∞)

Case 2 : x 2
+ 3x − 2 ≤ 8

or, x 2
+ 3x − 10 ≤ 0

or, (x + 5)(x − 2)≤ 0

∴ x ∈[−5, 2]

Considering both Case 1 and Case 2 we have, x ∈[−5, −4]∪[1, 2]

6. (4) 2 y
= 2 − 2
x
;

x
y = log2 (2 − 2 )f or y to be def ined

(2 − 2
x
> 0) or 2 > 2 or 1 > x .
x

7. (2)
(f og)(x) = f [g(x)] = f (|3x + 4|).

Since the domain of f is [−3, 5]

∴ −3 ≤ |3x + 4| ≤ 5

⇒ |3x + 4| ≤ 5

⇒ −5 ≤ 3x + 4 ≤ 5

⇒ −9 ≤ 3x ≤ 1

1
⇒ −3 ≤ x ≤
3

∴ Domain of f og is [−3, 1

3
] .

8. (2)
Given,
f (x) = √x − 1 + 2√3 − x

f (x) is defined when:

x − 1 ≥ 0 and 3 − x ≥ 0
x ≥ 1 and x − 3 ≤ 0
x ≥ 1 and x ≤ 3
Hence, when x ∈ [1, 3], f (x) is defined.
Also, f (x) is continuous in x ∈ [1, 3] .
Now f (x) = √x − 1 + 2√3 − x
1 2
f '(x) = + (−1)
2√x−1 √3−x

′ 1 2
f (x) = −
2√x−1 √3−x

dy
Point where = 0
dx
1 2
⇒ − = 0
2√x−1 √3−x

⇒ √ 3 − x = 2√ x − 1

7
⇒ 5x = 7 ⇒ x =
5

Now we will check the value of f (x) for: x = 1, 7

5
, 3

f (1) = 2√2

7
f( )= √10
5

f (3) = √2

As the function is continuous then the range of function will be:y ∈[√2, √10] .

9. (3) Here, f (x)= 1 +

p−2

2
∈(1, p − 1]
( x+1 ) +1

If there are 3 natural numbers in the range ⇒ p − 1 = 4 ⇒ p = 5

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10. (1)
We know that for a function f (x)= a cos x + b sin x the maximum value and minimum value is given by √a 2
+ b
2
and −√a 2
+ b
2
, respectively. Therefore,
−√20 ≤ 2cosx − 4sinx ≤ √20

2
⇒ 0 ≤ (2 cos x − 4 sin x) ≤ 20

min =
1+20
1
=
21
1
,
max = 1

22
⇒ M ax + min =
21

Hence, the sum of maximum and minimum value of the function is 22

21
.
11. (3)
2
x +14x+9
= y
2
x +2x+3

2 2
⇒ x + 14x + 9 = x y + 2xy + 3y

2
⇒ x (y − 1)+2x(y − 7)+(3y − 9)= 0

Since x is real, b 2
− 4ac ≥ 0

2
∴ 4(y − 7) − 4(3y − 9)(y − 1)≥ 0

2 2
⇒ 4(y + 49 − 14y)−4(3y + 9 − 12y)≥ 0

⇒(y + 5)(y − 4)≤ 0;

∴y lies between −5 and 4.

12. (2) ||x − 1|+a|= 4
⇒|x − 1|+a = ±4

⇒|x − 1|= −a ± 4

The above equation holds if

−a + 4 ≥ 0 or −a − 4 ≥ 0
⇒ a ≤ 4 or ⇒ a ≤ −4
⇒ a ∈(−∞, 4]∪(−∞, − 4]

⇒ a ∈(−∞, 4] .
13. (1)
−1
1 2
f (x)= log (x − ) + log (√(2x − 1) )
2 2 2

1
f (x)= − log (x − )+ log (2x − 1)
2 2 2

1 1
f (x)= − log (x − )+ log (2(x − ))
2 2
2 2

1 1
f (x)= − log (x − )+ log 2 + log (x − )
2 2 2
2 2

f (x)= 1 , so the range of f (x) is {1}

14. (4)
It is given that f (x) is an odd function.
2
( −x )
f (−x)= sin(−x)+[ ]
a

2
x
= − sin x +[ ]
a

Since, f (x) is an odd function, therefore

2

[
x

a
]= 0 for all x ∈ [−10, 10]
2

for all x ∈ [−10, 10]

x
⇒ 0 ≤ < 1
a

⇒ a > 100

Therefore, a ∈(100, ∞).

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15. (1)
Given,
2 2 π π
f (x)= sin x + sin (x + )+ cos x cos(x + )
3 3

2
2 π π π π
= sin x + [sin x cos + cos x sin ] + cos x[cos x cos − sin x sin ]
3 3 3 3

2
sin x √3 cos x √3
2
= sin x + [ + cos x. ] + cos x[ − sin x. ]
2 2 2 2

2 2 2
sin x 3 cos x √3 cos x √3
2
= sin x + + + sin x cos x. + − sin x cos
4 4 2 2 2

2 2
5 sin x cos x 5
= + 5 =
4 4 4

∴ gof (x)= g[f (x)]= g(

5

4
)= 1 (given)

16. (2)
2
1−tan x
∵ = cos 2x
2
1+tan x

Let, tan x = t
2
1−t
∴ f (t)=
2
1+t
2
1−x
∴ f (x)=
2
1+x

⇒ f (−x)≠ −f (x)
2
1−x
f (−x)=
2
1+x

Hence, f (x) is not an odd function.

17. (2)
We have, f (x)= 1−x

1+x
& g(x)= 4x(1 − x)

1−g ( x )
Now, f {g(x)}= 1+g ( x )

1−4x ( 1−x )
=
1+4x ( 1−x )
(∵ g(x)= 4x(1 − x)) .
2
1−4x+4x
=
1+4x−4x
2
.

18. (2) Given, f (x)= 2x 6

+ 3x
4
+ 4x
2 ′
⇒ f (x)= 12x
5
+ 12x
3
+ 8x

Now f ′ 5 3 ′
(−x)= 12(−x) + 12(−x) + 8(−x)= −f (x)

Hence f ′
(x) is an odd function
19. (2)
Graph by y = f (x) is symmetrical about the line x = 0 if

f (−x)= f (x)

⇒ f (0 − x)= f (0 + x)

If y = f (x) is symmetrical about the line x = α then f (α + x)= f (α − x) where α ∈ R

Now put, α = 1.
∴ Graph of y = f (x) is symmetric about x = 1⇒f (1 − x)= f (1 + x).

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20. (3)
f (x) = sin x + cos x

f (−x) = − sin x + cos x; neither even, nor odd.

1−x
f (x) = log( ),
1+x

1+x
f (−x) = log( )
1−x

1−x
⇒ f (−x) = − log( )
1+x

⇒ f (−x) = −f (x)

Therefore, f (x) is an odd function.

x x
f (x) = +
x 2
e −1

−x x
f (−x) = −
−x
e −1 2

x
x xe
f (x) − f (−x) = + + x = 0
x x
e −1 1−e

Therefore, f (x) is an even function.

21. (4)
⎧ 0, f or x ≥ 0

f (x)=⎨ 15
2x
−1
⎩ , f or x < 0
2x
15 +1

∴ f (x)= 1 −
2

2x
for all x < 0
15 +1

22. (2)
Given, f : R → R

sin ( π { x } )
f (x)=
4 2
x +3x +7

Where {*} denotes a fractional part function

Consider, x 4
+ 3x
2
+ 7

2
2 3 9
⇒ (x + ) − + 7
2 4

2
2 3 19
= (x + ) + ≥ 0
2 4

Since Numerator and denominator both are always positive therefore function cannot take negative values therefore it cannot be onto.
When x is integer then f (x) = 0∀x ∈ I

Therefore, f is many one function.

⇒ f is not a one-one and also non-constant function.
23. (1)
Given f (x) = ln (ln(ln x)))

For the domain of f (x) :

ln (ln x) > 0

0
⇒ ln x > e

⇒ ln x > 1

1
⇒ x > e

⇒ x > e

So, the Domain of given function is x ∈ (e, ∞)

Now, for the range of f (x) :
x > e

Taking log both side with the base e, we get:

⇒ ln x > 1

⇒ ln (ln x) > 0

Logarithmic function (When the base is >1) is strictly increasing and its range will be set of all real numbers, so:
⇒ ln (ln(ln x)) ∈ R

Hence, the given function is one - one onto.

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24. (2)
x −x

We have, f
e −e
: R → R, f (x) = x −x
e +e

For x = −2 & − 3 , we get

| −2 | 2 2 2
e −e e −e
f (−2)= = = 0
−2 2 −2 2
e −e e −e
| −3 | 3 3 3
e −e e −e
and f (−3)= e
−3
−e
3
=
e
−3
−e
3
= 0

For different values of x, we get same values of f (x). That means, the given function is many-one.
Therefore, f is not injective.
For x < 0 ⇒ f (x)= 0
For x > 0,
x −x
e −e
f (x) =
x −x
e +e

x −x −x
e +e 2e
⇒ f (x) = −
x −x x −x
e +e e +e

−x
2e
f (x) = 1 −
x −x
e +e

−x

Since,
2e
> 0, ∀x
x −x
e +e

Thus, the value of f (x) is less than one.

Therefore, Co-domain ≠ Range.
Hence, the given function is not onto.
25. (3) Rewriting the given function, we get,f (x)= (x − 6a)
2
+ 15 − 2a

∵ f (x) is surjective on R
13
⇒ 15– 2a = 2 ⇒ 2a = 13 ⇒ a =
2

26. (2) Given, f (x)=(x − 1)(x − 2)(x − 3)

Clearly f (1)= f (2)= f (3)= 0

⇒ f (x) is not one-one.

We know that an odd degree polynomial function ranges from
−∞ to ∞.
Therefore, f is onto.
27. (1)
x|x|
f (x)= + cos x + 1
2

2
x
⎧ + cos x + 1, x ≥ 0
2
f (x)=⎨
2
⎩ x
− + cos x + 1, x < 0
2

Case 1.
2
g(x)= x , h(x)= cos x are both continuous functions for x ∈ R and f (x) is continuous for x ∈ R.
f (x)→ ∞ as x → ∞ and
f (x)→ −∞ as x → −∞.
f (x) is an onto function, since range is same as co-domain.
Case 2.
(A) x > 0
′
f (x)= x − sin x

′
f (x)> 0, ∀x > 0

(B) x < 0
′
f (x)= −x − sin x

Let x = −δ, δ > 0

> 0 δ ≥ 1, since − 1 ≤ sin δ ≤ 1

′
f (−δ)= δ + sin δ ={
> 0 0 < δ < 1, since δ, sin δ > 0

f (x) is strictly increasing in its domain.

Therefore, f (x) is one-one function.

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28. (1)
f (x)= 2x + sinx, ∀x ∈ R

′
⇒ f (x)= 2 + cosx > 0 , since cos x ∈[−1, 1]
⇒ f is increasing
As, the function is increasing in its domain.
So, it is a one-one function.
As x ∈ R, therefore 2x + cos x ∈ R
⇒ Range=Co-domain.
So, it is an onto function.
Hence, the function is One-one and onto.
29. (1) Here, f (x)= log
10+x

10−x

Given that, f (x)= k f ( 200x

2
)
100+x

200x
10+
10+x 100+x2
⇒ log = k. log{ }
10−x 200x
10−
100+x2

2
10+x
= k log ( )
10−x

10+x 10+x
⇒ log = 2k log
10−x 10−x

⇒ k = 0.5

30. (1) (x−2)

31. (1) Given, 2f (x 2

)+3f (
1

2
)= x
2
− 1 . . .(i)
x

Replacing x by 1

x
we get,

1 2 1
2f ( )+3f (x )= − 1 . . .(ii)
2 2
x x

On multiplying an equation (i) by 2, and an equation (ii) by 3 then subtracting an equation(i) from an equation (ii) we get,

2 3 2
5f (x )= − 1 − 2x
2
x

2 1 2 4
⇒ f (x )= (3 − x − 2x )
2
5x

⇒ f (x )=
4 1

4
(3 − x
4
− 2x )
8
, [Replacing x by x ] 2

5x

4 4
( 1−x ) (2x +3)
4
⇒ f (x )=
4
5x

32. (1) Given, f (x + y)= f (x)+f (y)−xy − 1, ∀ x, y ∈ R

∴ f (x + 1)= f (x)+f (1)−x − 1 [putting y = 1]

⇒ f (x + 1)= f (x)−x [∵ f (1)= 1]

∴ f (n + 1)= f (n)−n < f (n)

⇒ f (n + 1)< f (n)

So, f (n)< f (n − 1)< f (n − 2)< … < f (3)< f (2)< f (1)= 1

∴ f (n)= n holds only for n = 1

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33. (1)
Given, f (x + y)= f (x)f (y), ∀x, y ∈ N
Putting, x = 1 = y
2
⇒ f (2)= (f (1))

Putting x = 2, y = 1

⇒ f (3)= f (2) ⋅ f (1) = (f (1))

3
, and so on.
So, for any x ∈ N , f (x)= [f (1)] x
= 3
x
, [∵ f (1)= 3]

Now, ∑ n

x=1
f (x)= 120

n x
⇒ ∑ 3 = 120
x=1

1 2 3 n
⇒ 3 + 3 + 3 + … + 3 = 120
n
3(3 −1 )
⇒ = 120
3−1

n
⇒ 3 − 1 = 80

n 4
⇒ 3 = 81 = 3 ⇒ n = 4

34. (3)
∀x ∈ R ⇒[x] is an integer
∴ π[x]= nπ, n ∈ I

and tan(π[x])= tan(nπ)= 0

∴ f (x)= 0 ∀x ∈ R

∴ f (x) is an even function and periodic function with period not defined.
35. (1)
−1 −1
g(x) = sin(sin √{x})+ cos(cos √1 −{x})−1

g(x) = √{x} + √1 − {x} − 1

If x ∈ I , then g(x) = 0
If x ∉ I , then {−x} = 1 − {x}
∴ g(−x) = g(x)

0 , x ∈ I
g(x)={
g(−x) , x ∉ I

{x} is a periodic function with period 1

36. (1)
1

We have, f (x + k)= 1 + [1 + {1 − f (x)}

5 5

5 5

⇒ f (x + k)−1 = [1 − (f (x)−1) ]

5 5

⇒ ϕ(x + k)= [1 − {ϕ(x)} ]

where, ϕ(x)= f (x)−1

1

5 5

⇒ ϕ(x + 2k)= [1 −{ϕ(x + k) }]

5 5

⇒ ϕ(x + 2k)= [1 − {1 − {ϕ(x)} ]

= ϕ(x), ∀ x ∈ R

⇒ f (x + 2k)−1 = f (x)−1

⇒ f (x + 2k)= f (x), ∀ x ∈ R

∴ f (x) is periodic with period 2k.

37. (1)
Given f (x)+f (x + 3)= 0
Replace x by x + 3
Therefore, f (x + 3)+f (x + 6)= 0
From (1) and (2),
f (x)= f (x + 6)

Hence, the function has period 6

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38. (4)
x
gof (x)= 2e − 5 = y

As gof is an invertible function, x = gof −1

(y)…(1)

y+5
x
2e − 5 = y ⇒ x = ln( )…(2)
2

y+5
From (1) & (2), gof −1
(y)= ln(
2
)

−1 x+5
⇒ (gof ) (x)= ln( )
2

39. (3) Since f :(6,8)→(9,11)

∴ f (x)= x + 3

−1
∴ f (x)= x − 3

40. (3)
x−2
f (x)= y =
x−3
3y−2
∴ x =
y−1

3x−2
−1
∴ f (x)=
x−1

& g(x) = y = 2 x − 3

y+3
∴ x =
2

−1 x+3
∴ g (x)=
2

−1 −1 13
∵ f (x)+g (x)=
2

2
∴ x − 5x + 6 =

∴ sum of roots x 1
+ x2 = 5

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