ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

4. What are the actions of the intrinsic muscles of the thorax?

a. Only depress the ribs
b. Only elevate the ribs
c. Depress and elevate the ribs
d. Their main action is to stiffen the thoracic wall
e. Lateral movements of the thoracic wall
5. The innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the thorax is done by:
a. Posterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves for all of them
b. Intercostal nerves for all of them
c. Branches of the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves for all of them
d. Branches of the posterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves for all of them
e. Posterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves only for levatores costarum
6. What are the characteristics of the intercostals muscles?
a. The external intercostals muscles are thinner then the internal intercostals muscles
b. They are innervated by the lateral thoracic nerve
c. There are twelve pairs that extend from the inferior margin of one rib to the superior
margin of the one inferior to it
d. There are eleven pairs that extend from the inferior margin of one rib to the superior
margin of the one inferior to it
e. The external intercostals muscles fibbers have a postero-anterior direction while the
muscular fibbers of the internal intercostals have an antero-posterior direction.
21. The manubrium of the sternum has the following features:
a. Jugular notch located on the inferior border, median located
b. Clavicular notches located on the superior border, lateral to the jugular notch
c. Costal facets for the articulation with the first three ribs
d. Costal facet for the articulation with the first rib and a demifacet for the articulation with
the
second rib
e. Only the first costo-sternal articulation is a fibrous synarthrosis
22. The body of the sternum has the following features:
a. The junction between the body and the xiphoid process, the Louis angle
b. On the lateral border, there are four articulated facets for the second till the fifth rib
c. On the lateral border, there are four articulated facets for the third till the sixth rib and a
demifacet for articulation with the second rib
d. The junction between the manubrium and the body, the Louis angle
e. On the lateral border, inferiorly there is the articulation with the seventh rib
23. What muscles attach on the sternum?
a. Pectoralis minor
b. Pectoralis major
c. Anterior scalene muscle
d. Transversus thoracis
e. The aponeuroses of internal oblique
24. What are the features of the first rib?
a. It has a superior and inferior surface
b. It has a superior and inferior border
c. The superior surface is marked by two grooves
d. On the superior border there is a tubercle, scalene tubercle
e. Through the groove located anterior to the scalene tubercle travels the subclavian vein
25. What are the features of a typical rib?
a. Concave surface facing laterally
b. Convex surface facing laterally
c. The head of the rib is located at the level of the sternal end
d. The neck of the rib is located at the level of the vertebral end
e. On the inferior border, located medial to it there is a groove for the intercostal bundle.
ANSWERS:
4. c, d 5. b, c 6. d, e 21. a, d, e 22. c, d, e
23. b, d, e 24. a, c, e 25. b,

1. What are the main surface features of the lung?

a. Two borders
b. Two surfaces
c. Three borders
d. An apex and a base
e. Three surfaces
2. The apex of the lungs can be described as follows:
a. The superior rounded extremity of the lung that extends till the first costal cartilage
b. The superior rounded extremity of the lung that extends above the first costal cartilage
c. The subclavian artery leaves an impression on their anterior surface
d. On the left side, the brachiocephalic vein is located medial to the apex
e. The stellate ganglion is located posterior to them
3. The structures at the level of the left pulmonary hilum are located as follows:
a. Most superior is the principal bronchus
b. Most inferior is the principal bronchus
c. Most inferior is the pulmonary artery
d. Most inferior is the pulmonary vein
e. The middle-positioned structure is the pulmonary vein
4. The structures at the level of the right pulmonary hilum are located as follows:
a. Most superior is the principal bronchus
b. Most inferior is the principal bronchus
c. Most superior is the pulmonary artery
d. Most inferior is the pulmonary vein
e. The middle-positioned structure is the pulmonary vein
5. What are the main features of the right lung?
a. It is structured in two lobes
b. It is structured in three lobes
c. Two fissures are visible on its surface: oblique (separates the inferior from the superior
and
middle lobes) and horizontal (separated the superior from the middle lobe)
d. Three fissures are visible on its surface
e. The hilum is located on its lateral surface
6. What are the main features of the left lung?
a. It is structured in two lobes
b. It is structured in three lobes
c. It has only one fissure, the horizontal one, it separates the superior from the inferior lobe
d. Two fissures are visible on its surface
e. The hilum is located on its medial surface
7. What are the segments of the inferior left lobe?
a. Superior
b. Posterior basal
c. Lateral basal
d. Inferior lingular
e. Superior lingular
8. What are the segments of the superior left lobe?
a. Medial
b. Lateral
c. Inferior lingular
d. Superior lingular
e. Anterior
9. What are the segments of the superior right lobe?
a. Inferior lingular
b. Superior lingular
c. Posterior
d. Anterior
e. Apical
10. What impressions can we find on the mediastinal surface of the left lung
a. The groove of the arch of the aorta
b. Cardiac impression
c. The groove for the subclavian artery
d. The groove for the brachiocephalic vein
e. The groove for the common carotid
11. What impressions can we find on the mediastinal surface of the right lung
a. The groove of the azygos vein arch
b. The groove for the subclavian artery
c. Cardiac impression
d. The groove of the oesophagus
e. The groove for superior vena cava
12. What does pleura represent?
a. A serous membrane that covers lung, visceral organs, diaphragm and inner thoracic wall
b. A fibrous membrane that covers lung, visceral organs, diaphragm and inner thoracic wall
c. The visceral pleura overlaps mediastinal organs and parietal pleura the surfaces of lungs
d. The visceral pleura follows the lobar fissures of the lungs
e. The visceral pleura continues with the parietal one and form an invaginated sac
13. What is pleural cavity?
a. A virtual space between the inner thoracic wall and pleura
b. Being a virtual space is an empty space
c. A virtual space filled up with a large quantity of fluid
d. A virtual space filled up with a small quantity of fluid
e. The thoracic cavity has two pleural sacs
14. Name the different regions of the parietal pleura:
a. Costovertebral pleura
b. Sternal pleura
c. Diaphragmatic pleura
d. Cervical pleura
e. Mediastinal pleura
15. The right pulmonary artery has the following features:
a. Its origin is posterior to the superior vena cava
b. It bifurcates posterior to the superior vena cava
c. It divides posterior to the superior vena cava into three
branches for the three lobes of the right lung
d. Because of its proximity with the caval system it’s a very good partner for anastomosis,
when needed
e. After it originated from the pulmonary trunk it passes anterior to the superior vena cava
to
rich the pulmonary hila
16. The left pulmonary artery has the following features:
a. Its origin is at the level of the arch of the aorta
b. It has an ascending path posterior to the descending aorta
c. It has a descending path anterior to the descending aorta
d. It bifurcates into two branches for the two lobes of the left lung
e. It passes anterior to the main left bronchi
17. Name the characteristics of the right pulmonary veins:
a. Three main pulmonary veins exit the pulmonary parenchyma, each from the
corresponding
lobe, the superior and middle one usually join and form a common trunk
b. Usually two main veins exit the hila of the right lung and drain blood inside the left atrium
c. Usually two main veins exit the hila of the right lung and drain blood inside the right
atrium
d. The right superior pulmonary vein is located anterior and superior in regard with the right
pulmonary artery
e. At the level of the hila the right pulmonary vein is the most inferior structure
Answers
1. b, c, d 2. b, d, e 3. a, d 4. c, d 5. b, c
6. a, e 7. a, b, c 8. c, d, e 9. c, d, e 10. a,
b, c, d 11. a, c, d 12. a, d 13. d, e 14. a, c, d, e
15. b, d 16. a, c, e 17. a, b, e
1. Name the anterior relationships of the right kidney:
a. Spleen
b. Right lobe of the liver
c. Duodenum
d. Pancreas
e. Stomach
2. Name the anterior relationships of the left kidney:
a. Liver
b. Pancreas
c. Stomach
d. Duodenum
e. Spleen
3. Name the posterior relationships of the right kidney:
a. Psoas major muscle
b. Pancreas
c. Quadratus lumborum muscle
d. Diaphragm
e. Rectus abdominis
4. Name the anatomical structures at the level of the renal hilum:
a. Renal vein
b. Renal artery
c. Ureter
d. Calyces
e. Renal pelvis
5. What are the relationships of the abdominal ureter?
a. Posterior- genitofemural nerve
b. Posterior – psoas muscle
c. Anterior- gonadal vessels
d. Lateral – inferior vena cava
e. For the right ureter- anterior- loops of jejunum and sigmoid colon
6. What are the relationships of the pelvic ureter?
a. Posterior – internal iliac artery
b. Anterior – internal iliac artery
c. In males – posterior – vas deferens
d. In females – posterior – uterine artery
e. Posterior – internal iliac vein
7. What type of organ is the kidney?
a. Retroperitoneal organ
b. Hollow organ
c. Intraperitoneal organ
d. Parencymal organ
e. Unpaired organ
8. What are the relationships of the right renal artery?
a. Anterior – inferior vena cava
b. Posterior – inferior vena cava
c. Posterior – Right renal vein
d. Anterior – head of the pancreas
e. Anterior – descending part of
the duodenum
9. Name the relationships of the left renal vein:
a. Posterior –aorta
b. Anterior – aorta
c. Posterior –left renal artery
d. Posterior – splenic vein
e. Anterior – body of the pancreas
10. Name the arteries of the kidney:
a. The left renal artery, that is shorter than the right one
b. Inferior suprarenal artery
c. Segmental arteries
d. The right renal artery, that is shorter than the left one
e. Lobar arteries
11. A patient has a tumor of 3 cm. at the level of the junction between the inferior
vena cava and right renal vein what other organs might be involved?
a. Spleen
b. Head of the pancreas
c. Duodenum
d. Right ureter
e. The ascending colon
12. If a tumour it’s located on the posterior surface of the right kidney what are
the muscles that might be invaded?
a. Psoas major muscle
b. Rectus abdominis muscle
c. Transverse abdominis muscle
d. Quadratus lumborum muscle
e. Diaphragm
13. What are main differences between the relationships of right and left renal
veins:
a. Left renal vein – has posteriorly relationships with the aorta
b. Right renal vein – has posteriorly relationships with the aorta
c. Left renal vein – has anteriorly relationships with the aorta
d. Right renal vein – has anteriorly relationships with the aorta
e. Both of them lie anterior to the renal arteries
14. What are main differences between the relationships of right and left renal
arteries:
a. Right renal artery – has posteriorly relationships with the inferior cava vein
b. Right renal artery – has anteriorly relationships with the inferior cava vein
c. Left renal artery – has posteriorly relationships with the inferior cava vein
d. Left renal artery – has anteriorly relationships with the inferior cava vein
e. Both of them lie posterior to the renal veins
15. Name the layers surrounding the kidney:
a. Fibrous renal capsula
b. Gerota’s fascia
c. Fascia transversalis
d. Perirenal fat
e. Tolddt’s fascia
16. What structures are located in the cortical of the kidney?
a. Renal pyramides
b. Renal sinus
c. Renal columns
d. Calyces
e. Arcuate arteries
17. What structures are located in the medulla of the kidney:
a. Renal pyramides
b. Renal columns
c. Renal papillas
d. Arcuate arteries
e. Nephrones
18. The pelvis of the kidney it’s form by the:
a. Minor calyces
b. Major calyces
c. Ureter
d. Renal pyrmamides
e. Renal columns
19. Name the characteristics of the renal calyx:
a. The major calyces surround the renal papillas
b. The major calyces drain into the kidney’s pelvis
c. The minor calyces are grouped and merge to gorm the major calyces
d. The minor calyces surround the renal papilla of the pyramides
e. The minor calyces collect urine from the major calyces
20. In order to put the kidney in the correct anatomical position we should use:
a. Lateral – hilum of the kidney
b. Medial – hilum of the kidney
c. Superior – suprarenal gland
d. Posterior – renal pelvis
e. Anterior – renal vein
21. Which of the following statements about the kidney are true?
a. It is an intraperitoneal organ
b. The left kidney its usually inferior to the left kidney
c. The kidneys are surrounded by perirenal fat
d. Can be divided into an internal medulla and an external cortex
e. Both kidneys are related inferiorly with the suprarenal glands
22. Which of the following statements about the ureter are true?
a. In the abdomen, the ureter descend anterior to the peritoneum
b. It continues the renal pelvis
c. It has two parts – abdominal and pelvic
d. They opem into the apex of the urinary bladder
e. Right ureter has medial relationships with the inferior vena cava
23. What are the relationships of the elements located inside the renal hilum:
a. Anterior – the pelvis
b. Posterior – the pelvis
c. Anterior – the renal vein
d. Posterior – the renal vein
e. Anterior – the renal artery
24. Name the internal structures of the kidney:
a. External medulla
b. Internal medulla
c. External cortex
d. Internal cortex
e. Calyces
25. Which of the following statements about the vascularization of the kidneys
are true:
a. The renal artery is subdivided in segmental, lobar, interlobar, arcuate and interlobular
arteries
b. The renal veins open into the inferior cava vein
c. The left artery is longer than the right one
d. The left renal vein is longer than the right one
e. The right renal vein receives the right gonadal vein
Answers
1. b, c 2. b, c, e 3. a, c, d 4. a, b, e 5. a, b, c
6. a, e 7. a 8. a, d, e 9. a, c, e 10.
a, b, c, e 11. b, c, d 12. a, c, d, e 13. a 14. B
15. a, b, d 16. c, e 17. a, c, e 18. a, b
19. b, c, d 20. b, c, d, e 21. c, d 22. b, c, e 23.
b, c 24. b, c, e 25. a, b, d
1. The urinary bladder is composed of the following anatomical segments:
a. Base (fundus)
b. Neck
c. Apex
d. Two superolateral surfaces
e. Two margins: antero and posterior
2. The posterior relationships of the base of the urinary bladder are:
a. Anterior vaginal wall
b. Rectum
c. Sigmoid colon
d. Denonvilliers’ fascia
e. Presacral fascia
3. What are the relationships of the urinary bladder in female?
a. Pubovesical ligaments
b. Cecum
c. Peritoneum membrane covers the superior surface
d. Ileum
e. Pubic symphysis
4. What are the relationships of the urinary bladder in male?
a. Puboprostatic ligaments
b. Pubovesical ligaments
c. Sigmoid colon
d. Peritoneum membrane coversthe base
e. Jejunum
5. The ligaments of the urinary bladder are:
a. Pubovesical ligaments that connect the superior surface of the bladder with the pubic
bone
b. Pubovesical ligaments that connect the neck of the bladder with the pubic bone
c. Cardinal ligaments
d. Broad ligament
e. Lateral ligament
6. Which of the following structures support the neck of the bladder?
a. Douglas pouch
b. Pubovesical ligaments
c. Uracus
d. The endopelvic fascia
e. Levator ani
7. Arterial supply of the urinary bladder is done by the:
a. Superior vesical arteries
b. Inferior vesical arteries
c. Obturator arteries
d. Inferior gluteal arteries
e. Branches of the external iliac artery
8. The urinary bladder is innervated by the:
a. Parasympathetic fibres that arise from the second to the
fourth sacral segments of the spinal cord
b. Parasympathetic fibres from the pelvic splanchnic nerves
c. Sympathetic fibres that arise from the L4 till S2 segments of the spinal cord
d. Sympathetic fibres that arise from the T10 till L2 segments of=the spinal cord
e. Sympathetic fibres that arise from the coeliac and mesenteric plexuses
9. Which are the anatomical structures that mark the vesicle trigone?
a. The two urethral openings superior
b. The ureter opening at the antero inferior angle
c. The urethra opening at the postero inferior angle
d. The ureters openings one side and another of the superior ridge
e. The urethra orifice at the apex of the trigone
10. Name the location of the vesicle trigone:
a. At the neck of the bladder
b. At the superior wall of the bladder
c. At the base of the bladder
d. At the anterior wall of thebladder
e. At the posterior wall of thebladder
11. The walls of the urinary bladder have the following layers:
a. Urothelium
b. Lamina propria
c. Muscularis propria
d. Subserosa
e. Serosa
12. The muscularis propria of the urinary bladder has the following muscular
layers:
a. Internal and external longitudinal layer
b. Intermediate circular layer
c. Internal circular layer
d. Intermediate oblique layer
e. External longitudinal layer
13. A female patient has a tumor at the level of the posterior wall of the urinary
bladder. An ultrasound it’s performed and it seems that the tumor invades the
posterior structures. Name what structures can be involved:
a. Body of the uterus
b. Vagina
c. Ureters
d. Rectum
e. Ileal loops
14. If a patient has a urinary bladder tumor and both of its kidneys have
hydronephrosis (that means that urine cannot be drained into the urinary
bladder). What would be the most probable location of the tumor in the urinary
bladder?
a. Superior part of the vesicle trigone
b. Superior wall of the bladder
c. Inferior part of the vesicle trigone
d. Base of the bladder
e. The urethral orifice
15. What is the name of the anatomical structure that unites the two openings of
the ureters inside the urinary bladder?
a. Inter-ureteric bar, is produced by the continuation into the vesical wall of the ureteric
internal longitudinal muscle
b. Inter-ureteric bar, is produced by the continuation into the vesical wall of the ureteric
internal circular muscle
c. Inter-ureteric ridge
d. Intra-ureteric band
e. Superior trigonal boundary
16. Name the fascia that separates the retrovesical and prostatic space from the
prerectal space:
a. Denonvilliers’s
b. Retzius
c. Rectovaginal
d. Sacrogenital
e. Cardinal
17. Name the anterior folds (‘false’ ligaments) linked to the superior surface of
the bladder:
a. Median umbilical fold, the urachus
b. Two medial umbilical folds over the obliterated umbilical arteries
c. Two medial umbilical folds over the obliterated inferior epigastric vessels
d. Two lateral umbilical folds over the obliterated umbilicalvessels
e. The lateral umbilical folds over the inferior epigastric vessels
18. Name the space located anterior to the urinary bladder:
a. Vesicogenital
b. Denonvilliers
c. Retropubic
d. Retzius
e. Peritoneal
Answers
1. a, b, c 2. a, b, d 3. a, c, d, e 4. a, c 5. b, c,
e 6. b, d, e 7. a, b, c, d 8. a, b, c, e 9. d, e
10. c, e 11. a, b, c, e 12. a, b, e 13. b, c 14. a,
d 15. a, c, e 16. A 17. a, b, e 18. c, d