MAE H.
ADANZA
BTLED HE 3
Assignment
Describe each models
1. Linear Curriculum Model
c. Standards-Based Curriculum Development Model
•This model centers around aligning curriculum with specific learning standards or benchmarks. These
standards dictate what students should know and be able to do at each grade level or within a particular
subject area.It emphasizes accountability and ensuring that all students have access to a rigorous and
consistent education.
d. Understanding by Design (UbD) Model
•UbD, created by Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe, is a "backward design" framework.
It prioritizes deep understanding and the ability to transfer learning to new situations.
e. Systematic Design Model
•This is a broad category of models that emphasize a logical, sequential, and structured approach to
curriculum development.It is often used in situations where clear and measurable outcomes are
essential, such as vocational training or corporate education.
f. Murray Print Model for Curriculum Development
•Murray Print's model is a comprehensive and dynamic framework that considers the multifaceted
nature of curriculum development.It emphasizes a holistic approach, taking into account various factors
such as social, cultural, and political influences.
2. Cyclical Models of Curriculum Development
•These models emphasize a continuous, iterative process, where evaluation and revision are integral
parts of the curriculum development cycle. They typically begin with a situational analysis to understand
the context and needs.
a. Audrey Nicholls and Howard Nicholls Models for Curriculum Development
•This model is a simple yet effective cyclical approach.
It consists of five key stages:
Situational Analysis: Understanding the context, learners, and resources.
Selection of Objectives: Defining clear and measurable learning goals.
Selection of Content: Choosing relevant and appropriate subject matter.
Selection of Methods: Determining effective teaching strategies and activities.
Evaluation: Assessing the curriculum's effectiveness and making adjustments.
The model emphasizes the interconnectedness of these stages and the importance of ongoing
evaluation to improve the curriculum.
b. Wheeler's Curriculum Development Model
•Wheeler's model is another cyclical approach that focuses on the logical and sequential relationship
between different components.
It emphasizes the importance of clear objectives and evaluation.
Key stages include:
Aims, Goals, and Objectives: Defining clear learning outcomes.
c. The Contextual Filters Model Of Course Planning
•This model highlights the influence of various contextual factors on curriculum development.It
emphasizes the need to consider the specific context in which the curriculum will be implemented.
The "Filters" are different aspects of the environment that effect the curriculum.
This model pushes the curriculum developer to consider the whole situation of the curriculum.
3. Dynamic Models of Curriculum Development
•These models focus on the interactive and evolving nature of curriculum development, particularly in
school-based settings. They emphasize collaboration, flexibility, and responsiveness to the needs of
learners and the context.
a. Walker's Model of Curriculum Development
•Walker's model emphasizes a naturalistic approach to curriculum development, recognizing that it is
often an informal and iterative process.
It consists of three phases:
Platform: Curriculum developers articulate their beliefs, values, and assumptions about education.
Deliberation: Curriculum developers engage in discussions and debates about the curriculum's goals,
content, and methods.
Design: Curriculum developers create the actual curriculum materials and plans.
This model highlights the importance of collaboration and communication among curriculum
developers.
b. Skilbeck's Curriculum Development Model
•Skilbeck's model is a situation analysis model that emphasizes the importance of context and flexibility.
It involves five key elements:
Situational Analysis: Examining the context, including learners, school, and society.
Goal Formulation: Defining clear and relevant goals.
Program Building: Designing the curriculum structure and content.
Interpretation and Implementation: Putting the curriculum into practice, adapting to the needs of
learners.
Monitoring, Feedback, Assessment, and Reconstruction: Evaluating the curriculum and making
necessary adjustments.
This model is known for its emphasis on adaptability and responsiveness to the needs of learners.
c. Eisner's Artistic Approach to Curriculum Development
•Eisner's model emphasizes the artistic and subjective nature of curriculum development. It recognizes
that curriculum development is not simply a technical process but also an art form.
It emphasizes the importance of:
Educational Connoisseurship: The ability to appreciate and understand the nuances of educational
experiences.
Educational Criticism: The ability to analyze and evaluate educational experiences.
Expressive outcomes, instead of only measurable outcomes.
This model encourages curriculum developers to be creative and flexible in their approach.
d. Pawilen's Model for Curriculum Development
•Pawilen's model is a model that is created with the Philippine educational system in mind. It is a model
that uses the other models as a base, and adapts those models to the situation found within the
Philippines.
It considers the cultural, social, and political situations that are found within the Philippines.
It is a model that is made to be very adaptable.
