Jewelry Inventory Record Keeping Guide
Jewelry Inventory Record Keeping Guide
Proper inventory record keeping is a necessary tool for a jewelry business to be successful.
This guide provides information for all segments of the jewelry industry.
Because each jewelry operation differs in size, method of operation,
and type of finished products, it’s a good idea to work with your
accountant to create an inventory record keeping system that works
for your business.
Use the tips and information in this guide as a starting point for your
conversations.
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M
y inventory records contain a detailed listing of all owned stock I store a copy of my annual physical inventory records off premises.
for sale, customers’ goods, property of others (including customer,
consignment, and memo goods), scrap gold and other metals and F
or my computer-based perpetual inventory system, I back up my
merchandise temporarily away from my store. files on removable media and store the media or use cloud storage.
I maintain a perpetual inventory system or an equivalent system. Istore all of my records, including purchase invoices and sales
receipts, in a fireproof container or safe that does not hold
I update my records regularly. merchandise.
I am exact and accurate in my record keeping. Ikeep a copy of the physical inventory used to report inventory value
on the Jewelers Pak application.
Iperform a detailed and itemized listing of my physical inventory at
least once a year. Inventory or jewelry lines carried by sales people Imaintain certifications and grading reports in a separate location
are included in the annual physical inventory. from the diamonds/colored stones.
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Keep your inventory records for a minimum of seven years. If you have
stock older than seven years, keep the inventory records for that stock
until the items have been sold. Receipts document initial ownership of
an item, while inventory records document the items that have not sold,
now long items typically take to sell and any changes in the value of the
piece while in inventory.
If you have a manual inventory system, keep your records separate
from your merchandise to minimize the chance of your records being
stolen. For a computer-based system, back up your files on removable
media and store the media at a location away from your business.
Store your inventory records, including purchase invoices and
sales receipts, in a fireproof container or safe that does not hold
merchandise.
Keep copies of your two most recent annual physical inventories
away from your business, such as at your home, a bank vault, or your
accountant’s office.
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A perpetual inventory system tracks every item for sale, from the time Take a physical inventory at least once a year. If you update
you receive the merchandise until you are no longer responsible for it. your records regularly, your perpetual inventory should match your
Some items – such as low-valued merchandise, raw materials and parts, physical inventory. Keep a copy of any adjusting entry necessary
chains sold by the gram – have different record keeping requirements, to balance the perpetual to the physical inventory.
which are described later in this guide under “Merchandise requiring
special records.” Unique inventory numbering
Develop an inventory identification system that assigns a unique
In conjunction with the perpetual inventory system, you should retain:
inventory number to each piece of jewelry. Even though two items
Purchase invoices may have identical makes and prices – for example, two watches –
Sales receipts each should receive its own inventory number. One exception
is computerized systems that inventory merchandise by using
Annual detailed and itemized physical inventory stock-keeping units (SKU).
To track your merchandise effectively, maintain your perpetual inventory Similar items are given the same SKU number and tracked by
on a daily basis. quantity. This is an acceptable inventory method.
In addition to keeping records of your own merchandise, keep an Inventory numbers should be assigned in sequence by number,
up-to-date detailed listing of: letter, or letter/number combination. The letter/number system
Your customers’ goods, if you are a retail jeweler allows you to identify your inventory by categories. For example,
a gold chain could be CH100; a wedding ring could be WR100.
Merchandise that belongs to others in the jewelry business
(consigned or memo goods)
Items that are temporarily away from your business
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Inventory codes for categories You may need other categories or subcategories. For instance, under
Assign a code to each category of merchandise. Codes also Category D, Diamonds (loose diamonds), you may want to add a
can be used to refer to specific suppliers. Develop codes that are separate listing for diamonds by clarity.
easy for you and your employees to understand and remember. To be
effective, you must use these codes consistently. The following D.0 Flawless D.6 SI1
are commonly-used codes and their categories: D.1 Internally flawless D.7 SI2
Under each of these headings, you can list all diamonds of that color
and clarity according to cut and carat weight.
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Step-by-step process for creating a perpetual inventory system 4 Record the inventory number on the sales tag for the item.
Information on the sales tag will help track merchandise to
1 When a new piece of merchandise arrives, compare the purchase
the purchase invoice and perpetual inventory. In addition to
invoice to the merchandise to make certain you received the
the inventory number, you may want to include the following
correct item.
information on the sales tag (see example below):
2 Assign a unique inventory number or number/letter combination,
Unique inventory number
based on your inventory identification system and record the
inventory number in the perpetual inventory system, along Cost code for items
with the following:
Category code
Description of the item
Retail price
Date the item was received
Carat weight, color, clarity of stones
Your cost for the item
Supplier code
Manufacturer’s name
Quantity or weight
3 Record the inventory number on the purchase invoice you
received with the merchandise and file the purchase invoice.
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24
504
504
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CUSTOMER-RETURNED MERCHANDISE
ustomer-returned merchandise
C
If a customer returns an item, re-enter the item in your perpetual system
in one of two ways:
1 ocate the returned item’s inventory number in your perpetual
L
inventory. In the Date of Sale column, mark the item returned and
record the return date. Keep the original inventory number for the
returned piece.
2 Create a new inventory number for the returned item, but note
in your perpetual inventory that the item was returned and include
the old inventory number.
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When transferring items between stores, complete a transfer Record the transfer in each store’s perpetual inventory system.
document. (See sample below.) Location 1 should record the transfer as a sale, as shown below. In the
Date of Sale column, add a code that indicates transfer. For example,
T2 indicates transfer to the second location.
200.00
100.00
400.00
399.00
EAR36 225.00
499.00
599.00 Since Location 2 is receiving the merchandise, Location 2 should treat
the transfer as a purchase. In the following example, the transfer is
Use a three-part form or make three copies. One copy remains recorded in the Manufacturer’s Name column as T1, which indicates the
with the sending location; one copy is sent with the jewelry to the item was transferred from Location 1.
receiving location; and the third copy is forwarded to the home
office, accountant or bookkeeper.
400.00
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Date Date of If you follow these record keeping guidelines, and maintain and update
Item Rec'd Inventory # Description Cost Sale your system on a regular basis, you will meet the inventory record
3/1/YR WG35 Men's Pulsar Watch 150.00 keeping requirement of your policy.
3/1/YR WL156 Women's Pulsar Watch 150.00
7/15/YR BRC6 18K Bangle Bracelet 500.00
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The following items require special documentation: To document the existence and value of the property, record the
following information at the time of acquisition:
Pawned items
Record pawned items in the manner that meets the requirements of Name, address, telephone number, and driver’s license number
your local and state laws. For insurance purposes, maintain a record for of the seller.
pawned items that includes:
A detailed and itemized list of all items sold to you. (You should
Name and address of the person who pawned the item obtain professional appraisals for any items with values of more
than $1,000.) This list should include:
Date item was received
A description of each item
Description of item
Your cost for each item
Dollar value of the loan, plus accrued interest
The date purchased
Pawned items in default The name of the seller
After you take legal title to a pawned item, the item should be recorded The canceled check used to make the purchase. If cash is used to
and reported as owned inventory. The values assigned should be your make the purchase, you should keep records that will identify the
estimated replacement cost value. source of the cash and the exact amount of the purchase price.
Any item that is valued at more than $1,000 should be professionally In a barter situation, you should keep a specific listing that
appraised. Keep this appraisal with your inventory records. identifies all of the items and values involved in the complete
transaction.
Estate merchandise
If you purchase estate merchandise or other jewelry from a private
party (non-jeweler) for resale, you must be able to verify the existence
and value of this property in the event of a claim.
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Memo/consignment merchandise 4 Check with your local authorities about any regulations concerning
1 Prior to sending out memo items, a consignor should research
the purchase and resale of this type of property. Also contact
your attorney to create a legally binding consignment or memo
the consignee:
agreement that includes a legal paragraph describing the terms of
Conduct a background check the agreement.
Obtain a credit rating from the Jewelers Board of Trade 5 Make sure the memo agreement includes terms, ex. 10, 15, 30
days. The agreement should be signed and contain a detailed
Check references
description of the items being memoed. The consignor/
Secure a certificate of insurance memoholder should keep a detailed inventory on premises of all
Have a separate, signed written agreement about who is memo goods.
responsible for paying for insurance and shipping 6 In the event of a loss, your Jewelers Mutual policy specifies that we
2 If you take in items on memo, obtain the following:
will pay policyholders the smallest of the amounts shown below:
Description and value foreach item from the seller Your original cost for the property, unless you have valued
this property higher or lower on your last written physical
Copy of the memo agreement inventory as reported on the application attached to
Seller’s name, address, and phone number your policy
3 When you accept items on consignment from a customer, the
The cost to repair, replace, or rebuild the covered property
consignment agreement must show the value the customer will with material of like kind and quality
receive when the items have been sold. Also, maintain records of The limit of insurance
items that are sold or returned to the consignor or the person who
gave you the items on memo.
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Scrap gold and other metals Keep a daily log that includes the weight of scrap gold
If you purchase jewelry from consumers with the intent to resell it to purchased during the day and the market value as of that day.
a refiner, you can, insure the metals at: Local, state, and federal requirements may specify a more
detailed log.
Your purchase price
M
aintain copies of the refiner receipts to support the usual value
The market value
of scrap gold and other metals.
The refiner’s confirmed purchase price
The Scrap Gold and Metals coverage option does not apply to:
Most insurance companies will pay a claim based on how you reported
Estate jewelry that you will resell to the public
the value in your inventory and on your insurance application and at
each renewal if it changes. Consigned jewelry
We offer policyholders a Scrap Gold and Metals coverage option. To Pawned jewelry
insure scrap gold and other metals at market prices, you must:
Gold or other metals acquired and stored as an investment
Determine the value of scrap gold and other metals on premises
based on current market prices and enter that value in your
inventory for insurance purposes.
Report that value on your insurance application and at each
renewal if it changes. To add coverage at the market price before
your policy renews, contact your agent with the highest daily
value. Your agent will inform you of the additional premium
charge for your approval.
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Merchandise that is not invoiced at time of receipt Gold chains and jewelry bought and sold by the gram
You may receive items that are not invoiced by the supplier until you Maintain a separate ledger for inventorying gold that is bought and
decide to keep them or they are sold. In these circumstances, it’s sold by the gram. Keep a running total of gram weight for various
important to retain packing slips from the supplier and any identification types of gold, such as 14K or 18K gold. This system is similar to
numbers from packages, such as air bills or shipper numbers. If a loss balancing a checkbook.
occurs, these records could be used to determine which non-invoiced
items from the supplier were in your possession.
Custom-made jewelry
If you custom make jewelry, record the following in your perpetual
inventory:
Cost of component parts
Supplier of component parts
Invoice number of component parts
Value of your time to design and manufacture the item
Date when the item was completed
As an alternative, you can value custom-made items based on
your wholesale price (the price you offer retailers) minus your
profit percentage.
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Loose diamonds and colored stones purchased in bulk Under .20 carats: Stones of this size that are equal in color, cut,
Maintain a separate ledger for loose diamonds and colored stones. clarity and carat weight can be inventoried by weight. If they are not
.20 carats and more: These stones should have individual equal in color, cut, clarity and carat weight, then each stone should be
inventory numbers (See page 7 for descriptions of category codes). individually identified with an inventory number.
Recording merchandise by individual inventory numbers is shown on
Type of stone: Round Brilliant Quality: VS
the next page.
Size: .15CT Inventory Number: LD-DI0357
Cost
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Record the lot of diamonds in your perpetual inventory as follows: Sale of items that do not have unique inventory numbers
When you sell gold, diamonds, giftware, charms, or other items that
do not have a unique inventory number, record the gram, carat weight,
or quantity on a sales receipt, so it can be subtracted from the
running inventory record. In addition, record the date of the sale,
customer’s name and address, a brief description, and selling price
on the sales receipt.
identification of each item is not required, maintain all documents for 360 00
these items. The sales tag should include the category number of the 146 25
798 75
39 94
827 69
827 69
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1 Begin with all of your stock labeled, identified and priced. Your The annual physical inventory should include the date inventory was
sales tags should include category numbers which indicate the taken, the category number, and each item’s inventory number, quantity,
type of merchandise. Category numbers are helpful because it’s and brief description, as shown below.
convenient to record your annual physical inventory by category.
Keep a separate record for each category. Category #: CH Inventory date: 12/31/YR
Employee: Jeff Brown Date: 12/31/YR
Sales staff jewelry lines and scrap gold measurements should be Employee: Sue Phillips Date: 12/31/YR
included in the annual physical inventory.
2 Gather all merchandise from each category into separate areas.
5.5gr 250.00
This prevents the need to re-inventory categories if merchandise 2.3gr 105.00
is missing. 3.3gr 150.00
3 Work in teams of two, with one person reading the tags and
another person recording the information onto separate inventory
There is no need to provide complete descriptions of items listed in your
records either on paper or by computer.
annual physical inventory. The inventory number is sufficient to find the
purchase invoice, which gives a complete description of that item.
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Jewelry manufacturers and wholesalers differ in size, method of Maintain purchase invoices of raw materials and merchandise.
operation, and type of finished products. It’s difficult to recommend
Maintain sales receipts, which identify items sold by inventory
one inventory system that will work for every business. Many of the
numbers, descriptions, or some other method that will trace
recommendations listed earlier in this guide apply to manufacturers and
items to the listing of the physical inventory and the original
wholesalers; some do not.
source documents (i.e., purchase invoices).
We offer the following recommendations for manufacturers and
epending upon your business, you should also keep a detailed list of
D
wholesalers and encourage you to consult with a professional
merchandise that:
accountant when establishing or reviewing your inventory record
keeping procedures. Belongs to others in the jewelry industry, and
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Raw materials and parts Under .20 carats: Stones of this size that are equal in color, cut, clarity,
Raw materials and parts include precious metals, plate, tubing, shot, and carat weight can be inventoried by weight, as shown below. If they
findings, unset mountings and similar materials used to manufacture are not equal in color, cut, clarity, and carat weight, each stone should
jewelry. It’s easiest to inventory this type of property by weight. As receive an individual inventory number.
material is used, subtract the weight from the inventory. When new
material is purchased, add the weight. Additions, subtractions and Type of stone: Round Brilliant Quality: VS
balances should be recorded daily, as shown below. Size: .25CT Inventory Number: LD-DI0357
1,215.00 10,890.00
765.00 10,125.00
Cost
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FINISHED GOODS
Finished goods When you manufacture a large quantity of an item and the cost of parts
Record all jewelry items that have been completely manufactured in the and labor have been recorded, keep a running inventory to track your
finished goods category. Assign an inventory number to each item. The merchandise as shown below.
following examples can be used to track custom-made items or similar
Inventory Number: ER456
items that are mass-produced. Your inventory records should include
each item’s value, which includes cost of component parts and labor.
2,500.00
4,000.00 6,500.00
400.00
75.00
When items are sold, record the inventory number on an appropriate
sales form and delete the items from your inventory.
2,500.00
4,000.00 6,500.00
600.00 5,900.00
200.00
650.00 104.00
104.00
779.00
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QUESTIONS?
Contact your agent or Jewelers Mutual if you have additional
questions or want help finding the best fit for the needs
of your business.
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