ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS BEKA1233

TUTORIAL 1
SUBMIT BY:

1. The area of a triangle is 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃, where 𝜃 is the angle between sides of length a and b.
i. Find , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 .
ii. Suppose a is given as a function of b, A and 𝜃. What is .

2. The volume V of a right circular cone is given by 𝑉 = 𝑑 √4𝑠 − 𝑑 where s is the slant height and d is
the diameter of the base.
i. Suppose that d has a constant value of 16cm, but s varies. Find the rate of change V with respect to
s when 𝑠 = 10𝑐𝑚.
ii. Suppose that s has a constant value of 10cm, but d varies. Find the rate of change of V with respect
to d when 𝑑 = 16𝑐𝑚.

3. The flow (𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑚 /𝑠) of blood from an artery into a small capillary can be modeled by
𝑐𝜋𝑥
𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑦−𝑧
4
for constant 𝑐 > 0, where x is the diameter of the capillary, y is the pressure in the artery, and z is the
pressure in the capillary. Compute the rate of change of the flow blood with respect to
i. The diameter of the capillary
ii. The arterial pressure
iii. The capillary pressure.

4. Ammonia (NH3) is a gas used for manufacturing fertilizers as well as urethane foams and coatings. A
particular gas cylinder contains 17.03 grams of ammonia. The pressure P (in atmospheres (atm)), volume V
(in liters (L)), and temperature T (in Kelvin (K)) of the sample are related by the equation
𝑃𝑒 . / (𝑉 − 0.0400) = 0.08206𝑇
For the function P(V,T), compute P(2.1, 320).

5. If an electrical circuit with two resistors connected in parallel has a total resistance of R ohms, then
1 1 1
= +
𝑅 𝑃 𝑄
where P and Q are the resistances (in ohms) of the resistors. Suppose P and Q are measured at 6 and 10
ohms, respectively, and that each measurement is accurate to within 0.01ohms. What is the maximum
percentage error involved in the computation.

6. Let A be the area of a triangle with sides a and b separated by an angle 𝜃. Suppose 𝜃 = and a is increased
by 4% while b is decreased by 3%. Use differentials to estimate the percentage change in A.

7. An open box has length 3 ft, width 1 ft, and height 2 ft, and is constructed from material that costs RM 2/ft 2
for the sides and RM 3/ft2 for the bottom. Compute the cost of constructing the box and then use increments
to estimate the change in cost if the length and width are each increased by 3 in. and the height is decreased
by 4 in.
8. The length, width and height of a rectangular box are measured to be 4 meter, 3 meter and 6 meter,
respectively, with a maximum possible error of cm. Estimate the maximum possible error in calculating
i. The area of the surface
ii. The volume of the box

9. According to Poiseuille’s law, the resistance to the flow of blood offered by a cylinder blood vessel of
radius r and length x is 𝑅(𝑟, 𝑥) = for a constant 𝑐 > 0. A certain blood vessel in the body is 8cm long
and has a radius 2mm. Estimate the percentage change in R when x is increased by 3% and r is decreased by
2%.

10. The resistance R produced by wiring resistors of R1 and R2 ohms in parallel (see Figure 1) can be calculated
from the formula
1 1 1
= +
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅
i. Show that 𝑑𝑅 = 𝑑𝑅 + 𝑑𝑅 .
ii. You have designed a two-resistor circuit like the one shown in Figure 1 to have resistance of 𝑅 =
100 ohms and 𝑅 = 400 ohms, but there is always some variation in manufacturing and the
resistors will probably not have these exact values. Will the value of R be more sensitive to
variation in R1 or to variation in R2? Give reason for your answer.
iii. In another circuit shown like Figure 1, you plan to change R1 from 20 to 20.1 ohms and R2 from 25
to 24.9 ohms. By about what percentage will this change R?

+ -

R1

R2

Figure 1

11. Use the chain rule to find and

i. 𝑧 = 𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣; 𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑦 ; 𝑣 = 𝑥 + 𝑦
ii. 𝑧 = 𝑢𝑣 − 𝑢 𝑣; 𝑢 = 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥; 𝑣 = 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦

12. Use the chain rule to find if

i. 𝑞 = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 5𝑧 ; 𝑥 = −𝑟 + 2𝑠 + 𝑡 − 3𝑢, 𝑦 = 𝑟 + 𝑡, 𝑧 = −4𝑠 − 𝑡 + 3𝑢
ii. 𝑞 = 𝑢 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑤; 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡, 𝑣 = 𝑠𝑡, 𝑤 = 5𝑠

13. The Celcius temperature in a region in space is given by 𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 2𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦𝑧 degree Celcius. A particle
is moving in this region and its position at time t second is given by 𝑥 = 2𝑡 , 𝑦 = 3𝑡, 𝑧 = −𝑡 . Determine
the change of temperature per second at 𝑡 = 1 experienced by the particle.
Answer:
1. i. 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃; 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃; 𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
ii. −
2. i. ii.

3. i. 𝑦−𝑧 ii. iii. −

√ √
4. 11.57 atm
5. 0.14%
6. 1%
7. RM 1.67 / ft2
8. i. 0.1548m2 ii. 0.1607m3
9. 11%
10. ii. the value of R is more sensitive to variation of R1 iii. 0.1%
11. i. = 6𝑥 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) − 2𝑥 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦 )
ii. = 4𝑥 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥 + 𝑦 ) − 2𝑥 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦 )

12. i. = 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦(𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 3𝑥𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)

ii. = 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦 − 3𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 − 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦)
o
13. 62 C/s