SUBJECT: MATHEMATICAL LITERACY

CONTENT & ACTIVITY MANUAL

TOPIC: MEASUREMENT

LEARNER/TEACHER

TERM 2

Topic

PERIMETER AND AREA, VOLUME

AND SURFACE AREA
CONTENTS PAGE

TOPIC 1: PERIMETER, AREA, VOLUME AND SURFACE

3
AREA
EMANINATION GUIDELINES 3

CONTENT, TERMINOLOGIES AND MIND MAP 4-7

WORKED EXAMPLES 8-9

ACTIVITES 10 - 16

MAIN ACTIVITIES 17-34

BIBLIOGRAPHY 35

ICON DESCRIPTION

MIND MAP EXAMINATION CONTENTS ACTIVITIES

GUIDELINE

BIBLIOGRAPHY TERMINOLOGY WORKED EXAMPLES STEPS

2
 EXAMINATION GUIDELINES

The five key elements of Mathematical Literacy

1. Elementary mathematical content

2. Authentic real-life contexts:

2.1 All content must be taught in context
2.2 All context must be relevant and authentic

3. Solving familiar and unfamiliar problems:

3.1 Equip learners with knowledge that can transcend the known and be applied to a variety of
contexts
3.2 Provide the means through which learners can explore and solve problems.

4. Decision making and communication:

4.1 How to weigh up options and make decisions
4.2 Communicate decision effectively
4.3 Use appropriate terminology and methods

5. Use of integrated content and skills in problem solving:

5.1 problems should not be limited to one context
5.2 authentic problems spanning mixed contexts must be explored

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TOPIC 1: PERIMETER, AREA, VOLUME AND
SURFACE AREA
Outcomes: At the end of the session:

 Calculate/measure perimeter and area of:

 Rectangles, triangles, circles (quarter, semi and three-quarters)

using known formulae. (revision grade 10 work)
 Calculate/measure surface area of rectangular boxes
 Calculate/measure surface area of cylinders
 Calculate/measure volume of rectangular boxes
 Calculate/measure volume of cylinders
 Areas/volumes of objects made up out of those listed above.

TERMINOLGIES:

Perimeter is a path that surrounds a two- dimensional shape.

Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two- dimensional shape.

Surface Area is its analog on the two- dimensional surface of a three- dimensional
object.

Volume is the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed
within a container.

CALCULATIONS

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GENERAL FORMULAS

Shapes Perimeter Area

Square P=4xs A = s2

Rectangle P = 2(l + b) A=lxw

Triangle P = s1 + s2 + s3 A= xbxh

Circle Circumference = 2 x π x r A = π x r2

Shapes Volume Surface Area

Cube V = s3 SA = 6 x s2

Rectangular prism V=lxwxh SA = [2(l x b) + 2(l x h) + 2(b x h) ]

Triangular prism V= xbxhxH SA = 2 x x b x h + s1 x H + s2 x H +

s3 x H

Cylindrical V = π x r2 x h SA = (2 x π x r2) + (2 x π x r x h )

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6
7
 WORKED EXAMPLES
Worked Example 1

1.1 A diagram of the cricket pitch is shown below. Study the diagram and answer the
questions that follow.

CRICKET PITCH

22,56 m

2,64 m 3,66 m

17,68 m

[Source: wikimapia.org]
1.1.1 Explain the term ‘perimeter’. (2)
Perimeter is the total distance around the outside of the shape

1.1.2 Calculate the perimeter of the area where the players run during cricket overs.

You may use the formula: Perimeter = 2 (length + width) (2)

Perimeter = 2(17,68 m +3,66 m)

= 42,68 m

1.1.3 Calculate the area (m2) of the cricket pitch.

You may use the formula: Area = Length × Width (3)
Area = 22,56 m ×3,66 m
= 82,57 m2
[09]

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Worked example 2

2.1 Lwazi kept water bottles in a rectangular box with ice cubes in order to
sell them to the cricket spectators. Study the container below and answer the
questions that follow.

2.1.1 Write down the width of the box in centimetres. (2)

530 ÷ 10 M
= 53 cm

2.1.2 Calculate the volume (in cm3) of ONE rectangular box.

You may use the formula: Volume = Length × Width× Height (3)
Volume = length ×width × height
= 62,5 cm ×53 cm × 20 cm
= 66 250 cm3

2.1.3 Determine how many litres of water the box can hold.
1 000 cm3 = 1 litre (2)
Number of litres = 66 250 ÷ 1000
= 66,25 litres

[7]

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Activity 1

1.1
The chocolate below was given to all participants at the competition.
Study the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow.

1.1 1.1.1 Calculate the total area of all the rectangular sides of the chocolate pack.

You may use the following formula:

Area = length × Width (4)

1.1.2 Calculate the perimeter of one triangle in mm. (3)

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1.2 Magic cubes were popoular 3D puzzle toys in the 1980s.
Study the two magic cubes below and anwer the questions that follow.

Cylindrical Magic Cube Cubic Magic Cube

Dimensions of a cylindrical magic cube Dimensions of a cubical magic

cube

67 mm

60 mm

57 mm

1.2.1 Calculate the radius of the cylindrical magic cube if the diameter is 67mm. (2)

1.2.2 Calculate the total volume of the cylindrical magic cube in mm3.

The following formula may be used:

Volume of cylinder = × radius × radius × height, where = 3,142 (3)

1.2.3 Calculate the total surface area of the magic cube in mm2.

The following formula may be used:

Total surface area = side × side × 6 (3)

[15]

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Activity 2

2.1 Aircrafts are stored in hangars when not in use. A typical hangar bay for the
maintenance of a Boeing 747 aircraft is shown in FIGURE 1.

A hangar may consist of one, two or three bays. The workshop is not part of the hanger.

The maximum clearance height (highest point of the hangar) is 23,5 m to allow clearance
above the 21 m high tail fin of the aircraft.

FIGURE 1: A TWO BAY AIRCRAFT HANGAR

Study FIGURE 1 and answer the following questions.

2.1.1 Convert the height of the tail fin of the aircraft to millimetres.
(2)

2.1.2 Calculate the area of the floor of one bay of the hangar.
You may use the following formula:
Area of rectangle = length width (2)

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

 2.1.3 Reinforced concrete is used for the floor of the hangar. The concrete must be a
certain thickness to withstand the weight of the aircraft.

The volume of concrete that is used to pour the floor of one bay of the
hangar is 964 m3. Calculate the thickness of the floor to the nearest centimetre.

You may use the following formula:

Volume = length width height
(4)

2.2 The maximum dimensions of hand luggage allowed inside the cabin is 25
cm 35 cm 55 cm and has a weight of 8kg.

2.2.1 Calculate the surface area of this carry-on suitcase in cm2.

You may use the following formula:
Surface area = 2(L W + L H + W H) where
L = length, W = width and H = height (5)
[13]

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

Activity 3

3.1 The diagram below shows the dimensions of two single garage doors that are
surrounded by a brick wall build with a single layer of bricks.

DIAGRAM OF GARAGE DOORS

Brick wall
B B

Garage door Garage door

2 100 mm 2 100 mm
150 mm 150 mm
A
2 440 mm 2 440 mm

NOTE:
 A is the length of the wall between the two garage doors
 B is the length of the wall between the garage doors and the roof
 150 mm is the distance between the door and the side wall

Use the diagram to answer the following questions.

3.1.1 Write down the length and width of one garage door, in meter. (3)

3.1.2 The total length of the wall in which the garage doors are situated is
5 480 mm.
Calculate A, the length of the wall between the two garage doors, in mm. (2)

3.1.3 Hence determine the total area of the two garage doors.

You may use the following formula:

Area of a rectangle = length width (3)

3.1.4 Calculate the total area of the part of the wall that consists of bricks if B is
1,5 times the length of A. Give your answer in m². (7)
[15]

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

Activity 4

4.1 John, a student at Bongo SSS runs around the school’s playground and keeps a record of
his distances and fitness from his fitness tracker watch.

The diagram below shows the layout of the playground and TABLE 4 shows data from his
fitness tracker watch.

LAYOUT OF THE PLAYGROUND

TABLE 4: TARGET SET AT 6 000 STEPS

THE DATA

DATE STEPS DISTANCE (KM) GOAL (%)

1/1/2019 2 444 1,6 40,73
2/1/2019 8 710 6,3 145,17
3/1/2019 19 210 13,02 320,17
4/1/2019 3 245 2,10 54,08
5/1/2019 5 859 4,2 -------
6/1/2019 4896 3,36 81,60
7/1/2019 4461 2,94 74,35
8/1/2019 3996 2,73 66,60
9/1/2019 7561 5,04 126,02
10/1/2019 5286 3,57 88,10

Use the layout and TABLE 4 above to answer the questions that follow.

4.1.1 Determine the total distance covered on the days he met the target. (2)

4.1.2 Calculate the perimeter of the playground. (2)

4.1.3 Calculate the number of completed rounds he ran around the playground on
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 the first day of practice. (5)

4.1.4 Calculate the goal percentage on the 5/1/2019.

Use the formula: (2)

4.1.5 Calculate the distance of one step in metres on the 9/1/2019. Give your
answer to 2 decimal places. (4)

4.2 John drinks juice he buys from a local café after running. He wants to determine how
much energy he takes in from one can, so he measured the radius and height of the
can and read the nutritional information.
The picture of the can is shown below.

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

MAIN ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1

1.1 On a diagram below is the municipal playground shaped into two semi- circles and a rectangle
DIMENSIONS OF THE PLAYGROUND

Use a diagram above to answer the questions that follow.

1.1.1 Name the shapes represented by letter A and B respectively. (4)

1.1.2 Calculate the perimeter (in meters) of the playground.

You may use the following formulae:

Circumference of a circle = 2 × π × radius

Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 length + 2 width use π = 3,142 (4)

1.1.3 Calculate the cost of fencing the playground if the fence costs R66,00 per
meter. (2)
1.1.4 Calculate the area of the playground. Round the answer correct to two
decimal places.

You may use the following formulae:

Area of semi- circle = 0,5 × π × radius2

Area of a circle = π × radius2

Area of a rectangle = length × width use π = 3,142 (8)
[16]

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

ACTIVITY 2

2.1 The Bambanani Crèche in Bethlehem bought the cubic blocks below from an auction.
They have a side length of 45 cm. On two opposite sides of the block is a circular
hole in the face of the block. They want to use the blocks as chairs for the children.

Face without hole Dimensions:

Length: 45 cm
Radius of the hole: 9,5 cm

Face with hole

2.1.1 They intend painting the chairs green with Dulux all-purpose paint.

(a) Calculate the area (in cm2) of ONE of the faces of the block that
does not have a circular hole.

You may use the following formula:

Area of square = side × side (3)

(b) Show that the total surface area (area of the faces with circular
holes + area of the faces without circular holes) = 11 582,869 cm2.

You may use the following formula:

Area of circle = π × radius2, and using π = 3,142 (5)

(c) The paint has a spread rate of 1,8 mℓ of paint per 15 cm2.

Calculate the total amount of paint, rounded to the nearest litre,

needed to paint 12 chairs with ONE coat of paint. (4)

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

2.1.2 The paint is sold in 5 ℓ tins.
Each tin has a radius of 7 cm and a
height of 35 cm.
Height of Height of tin
5 ℓ = 5 000 cm 3 paint in tin

(a) Write down the diameter of the tin. (2)

(b) Calculate the height of the paint in the tin:

You may use the following formula:

Volume of a cylinder = π × (radius)2 × height, where π = 3,142 (3)

[17]

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

ACTIVITY 3

Koos is a farmer in the Free State and uses a water tank similar to the one below, to store water that
he can use during dry seasons.

Dimensions of the cylindrical water tank:

Diameter =28 m
Height = 7m
3
Note : 1m = 1000 litres

Use the information above to answer the following questions.

3.1 Explain the term radius. (2)

3.2 Determine the radius of the water tank. (3)

3.3 The lid of the water tank must be painted on the outside in order for it to be clearly visible.
Calculate the area of the lid, in m2.
The following formula may be used:
Area of a circle = π × (radius)2 , using π = 3,142 (2)

3.4 A one litre tin of paint covers an area of 15 m2. Calculate the size of the area that can be covered
with 17 litres of paint.
(2)

3.5 The inside of the tank must be sealed with waterproof paint. The lid does not get
waterproofed on the inside.
Calculate the interior surface area (in m2) by using the following formula.
Inside area = (2 × π × r × h) + (π × r2 ), using π = 3,142 (4)
Where: r = radius and h = height

3.6 Calculate the volume of water (in litres) that can be contained by the water tank.

Use the formula: Volume = π × r2 × h, using π = 3, 142 (3)

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

 3.7 20 ºC in South Africa is considered a cool day temperature. Convert this temperature
to ºF.

The following formula may be used: (3)

Temperature in 0F = (1,8 × 0C) + 32

[19]

ACTIVITY 4

4.1 John and Judy want to build a fire pit in their back yard. They searched on the internet and got
the idea as indicated on ANNEXURE D. The hole for the fire pit must be 4 feet wide and 12
inches deep.

NOTE:
1 foot = 30,48 cm
1 inch = 2,54 cm
1 gallon = 3,7854 ℓ

Use ANNEXURE D to answer the questions that follow.

4.1.1 Determine the radius, in centimeter, of the fire pit. (4)

4.1.2 Determine the volume of the fire pit in cm3.

You may use the following formula:

Volume of cylinder = π × radius2 × height; using π = 3,142 (4)

4.1.3 John states that the area of 2 m² is enough space for the hole for the fire pit.
Verify the statement, showing ALL calculations.

You may use the following formula:

Area of circle = π × radius2; using π = 3,142 (5)

4.1.4 A layer of three 5 gallon buckets of lava rocks must be placed in the hole. Judy
said two and three quarters of a 20ℓ bucket is the equal amount. Verify her
statement. (6)

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

4.2 John and Judy will be building a wall around the fire pit. When the fire pit is not used,
they will place a wooden top over it to use it as a table. The hole for the fire pit is 4
feet wide and 12 inches deep.

NOTE:
1 foot = 30,48 cm
1 inch = 2,54 cm

Use ANNEXURE D to answer the questions that follow.

4.2.1 The wall around the fire pit will consist of 4 layers of bricks on top of each
other.
Determine the circumference of the pit in cm.

You may use the following formula:

Circumference of circle = 2 × π × radius; using π = 3,142 (3)

4.2.2 John and Judy will be using Ilzwe Solid Clay Bricks as indicated in the
DIAGRAM below.

DIAGRAM: ILZWE SOLID CLAY BRICKS

R2,90 each

Length = 220 mm
Width = 110 mm
Height = 70 mm

70 mm

110 mm

220 mm

[Adapted from
www.builders. co.za]

Determine the number of bricks, rounded to the nearest whole number,

needed to complete the wall. (6)

4.2.3 Verify, showing ALL calculations, if R200 is enough to buy the bricks for the
wall of the pit. (3)

[31]
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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

ANNEXTURE D OF (ACTIVITY 4)

4 feet (ft)
12
inches

[Adapted from www.pinterest.com

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ACTIVITY 5

5.1 During winter many children develop coughs. Cough syrups are sold in bottles
packed in rectangular prism-shaped boxes.
Children are given cough syrup using a cylindrical measuring cup.
The diagrams below show the bottle, the box and the measuring cup.

PICTURE OF A DIMENSIONS OF A SKETCH OF A

COUGH SYRUP BOX RECTANGULAR CYLINDRICAL
AND A BOTTLE OF COUGH SYRUP BOX MEASURING CUP
SYRUP

2,52 cm h

125 mm

65 mm
6,5 cm

Total surface area of a rectangular prism:

= 2(length × width) + 2(length × height) + 2(width ×height)

Volume of a rectangular prism = length × width × height

Total surface area of cylinder = (2π × radius2) + (2π × radius × height)

Volume of a cylinder = π × radius2 × height

Use: π = 3,142
1mℓ = 1 cm3

Use the information above to answer the questions that follow.

5.1.1 Consider the cough syrup box.

(a) Calculate (in cm3) the total surface area of the cough syrup box. (4)

(b) Give a practical reason why a cartoon picture would feature on the
box of the cough syrup for children. (2)

5.1.2 Calculate (in cm) the height of the medicine measuring cup if the diameter
is 2,52 cm and the volume is 10 mℓ. (4)

JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC: TEACHER/LEARNER

ACTIVITY

7.1 Peter the sales manager at HGM and his team discussed the strategies to improve
their sales of perfume. The intend using four different strategies.

7.1.1 The first strategy is to package their perfume using a rectangular-shaped

bottle and a cylindrical-shaped bottle. They have decided to price the bottles
differently. The bottles will be filled up to 95% capacity.

The picture below shows the bottle and the dimensions of the bottles.

Cylindrical-shaped Rectangular-shaped

Diameter = 6 cm
Length = 5 cm
Height = 1,6 cm
Breadth = 2 cm
Height = 45 mm

(a) Why is the perfume bottle not filled up to 100% capacity? (2)

(b) State, without any calculations and giving a reason for your
choice, which bottle of perfume will be priced higher. (2)

(c) Use calculations to prove that if volume of the bottles is rounded to

the nearest whole number, the capacity of the bottles is the same.
Leave your answer to cubic centimetres.

The following formulae may be used :

(8)
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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

 Volume of a rectangular bottle = ℓ

Volume of a cylindrical bottle =

The value of

7.1.2 The second strategy they discussed was to give a free gift of bath salts to
customers who spent more than R500,00. Each bottle of bath salt will be
filled using three measuring cylinders of equal dimensions as indicated
below.

3 MEASURING CYLINDERS BOTTLE OF BATH SALTS

Radius = 2,5 cm
Height = 10 cm

N.B : 1 g = 1 cm3 = 1 ml

The bath salt bottle has a capacity of 600 g.

Use calculations to show that the salt granules from three measuring
cylinders will fit into the bath salts bottle.

You may use the following formula:

Volume of a cylindrical bottle =

The value of (5)

7.1.3 The third strategy was to sell different types of perfumes with differing
ratios of perfume : oil : alcohol.

Type of perfume Ratio

perfume : oil : alcohol
EDT 5 : 90 : 5
EDP 12 : 85 : 3

The manager claimed that the difference in the amount of oil (rounded to
the nearest unit) between the two types of perfumes in a 45 mℓ bottle is
3 mℓ. (6)

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

 7.1.4 The last strategy is to have monthly competitions and customers win
prizes.
The prizes are hidden behind the letters of the word “Concentration” and
the chosen letter is not replaced. The chosen letter is then removed and
cannot be chosen again.

The first customer randomly chose the letter “r”.

Determine the probability of that the second letter chosen will be a “c”. (3)
[26]

ACTIVITY 8

8.1 Gatien wants to put up a few water tanks at his house to catch some rain water. The
tanks are cylindrical, as indicated in the diagrams below. The tanks come in different
sizes as indicated in TABLE 3.

WATER TANK

H = height
D = diameter

PLEASE NOTE:
 1 000 cm³ = 1 litre

TABLE 3: DIMENSIONS OF DIFFERENT SIZES OF TANKS.

Type of Tank Diameter (D) Height (H) Colour
A : 500 litre 770 mm 1 000 mm standard
B : 800 litre 730 mm 1 950 mm standard
C : 1 000 litre 1 100 mm 1 300 mm standard
D : 1 500 litre 1 450 mm 1 050 mm standard
E : 2 500 litre 1 400 mm A standard

[Adapted from: www.rototank.co.za]

Use TABLE 3 to answer the questions that follow.

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

 8.1.1 Calculate the real volume of tank B, in cm³.

You may use the following formula:

Volume van cylinder = (radius)² height where = 3,142 (4)

8.1.2 Calculate the volume, in cm³, of the empty space of tank B if it is filled
with 800 litres of water. (3)

8.1.3 Calculate the value of A, in mm. Round off your answer to the nearest
100 mm.

You may use the following formula:

Height = where = 3,142

(4)
8.2 Jolandi decides to make place mats from wooden planks for each guest at her wedding
reception. She has 125 guests (including the bride and groom). The place mats are
rectangular, as indicated in the diagram below.

Each place mat consists of 2 vertical wooden planks onto which 6 horizontal planks are
attached. Each plank is 30 mm wide and 5 mm thick.

PHOTO OF PLACE MAT DIAGRAM OF PLACE MAT

30 mm

23 cm

30,5 cm

[Adapted from: www.pinterest.com]

Use the information above and answer the questions that follow.

8.2.1 Calculate the total area that will be covered by one place mat.

You may use the following formula:

Area of rectangle = length width (2)

8.2.2 To make one place mat, each plank is varnished individually on the front (7)

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

 and back before it is attached.

Varnish are sold in 1 litre cans. An area of 12 m² can be covered by one

can of varnish.

Calculate how many cans of varnish Jolandi will need to varnish all the
place mats for all the guests.
[20]

ACTIVITY 9

Mr Potgieter is a farmer who grows cabbages and other vegetables in his farm in Muden. He
supplies cabbages to fruit and vegetable wholesalers in KwaZulu Natal. He owns five 3 tonne
trucks. The length of the cabbage field is 1 000 metres and the width is 800 metres.

Use the information above and ANNEXURE A in the addendum to answer the following questions.

9.1 Calculate the area of the field in square kilometres (km 2 ).

You may use the following formula:

Area of a rectangle = length × width

(3)

9.2 There are two gates in the field, one on the eastern side and the other on the western
side. Each gate has a width of 3 metres. Determine the length of the wire mesh fence
that Mr Potgieter must buy to fence the field.
(3)

9.3
Water for the field is kept in a cylindrical concrete tank with a outer diameter of
20 metres, a height of 4 metres and the thickness of the walls is 50 centimetres.

Use ANNEXURE B to answer the following questions.

9.3.1 Show by calculations that the inner radius of the concrete tank is 9,5 m.
(4)

9.3.2 Calculate the volume of water a concrete tank can hold.

You may use the following formula:

Volume of a cylinder =  × radius 2 × height use  = 3,142

(3)

9.3.3 Convert the volume in 3.3.2 above to litres.

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

 Note: 1 000cm 3 = 1 litre
(4)

9.3.4 The inside of the concrete tank will be painted with waterproof paint. Calculate the
area that needs to be painted.

You may use the following formula:

Surface area of the cylinder =  × radius2 + (  × inner diameter × height)

(2)

[19]

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

ANNEXTURE A OF (ACTIVITY 9)

PHOTO OF MR POTGIETER’S CABBAGE FIELD(ACT 9.1 & 9.2)

ANNEXTURE B OF (ACTIVITY 9)
PHOTO OF A CONCRETE DAM(ACT 9.3)

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER

Bibliography

1. Via Africa Mathematical Literacy Grade 12

2. Oxford Successful Mathematical Literacy Grade 12
3. Answer Series 3 in 1 Mathematical Literacy Grade 12
4. 2019 Mathematical Literacy Grade 12 Manual by TM Majola and S. Mandizira
5. Eastern Cape September 2019 Paper 1 and 2
6. Eastern Cape JUNE 2018 Paper 1 and 2
7. Northern Cape September 2019 Paper 1 and 2
8. Gauteng September 2019 Paper 1 and 2

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JENN ACTIVITY MANUAL TOPIC TEACHER/LEARNER