US base
Year 1
Expec
US dollar vs INR ₹50.00
US dollar vs BDT 80.00৳
Expected fr
India (in INR) ₹500.00
Bangladesh (in BDT) 900.00৳
USA in dollar $90.00
Weighted a
Expected free cash flow
India $10.00
Bangladesh $11.25
USA $90.00
Total free cash flows (in US dollar) $111.25
Present values in US dollar (@ 10% RRR) $101.14
MNC value today (sum of the present values) $1,045.29
US based MNC: Two subsidiaries
2 3 4 5
Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
Expected Exchange rates
₹47.50 ₹45.13 ₹42.87 ₹40.73
84.00৳ 88.20৳ 92.61৳ 97.24৳
Expected free cash flows (in millions)
₹500.00 ₹500.00 ₹500.00 ₹5,000.00
900.00৳ 900.00৳ 900.00৳ 9,000.00৳
$90.00 $90.00 $90.00 $900.00
Weighted average cost of capital is 10%
free cash flows (in millions) expressed in US dollar
$10.53 $11.08 $11.66 $122.77
$10.71 $10.20 $9.72 $92.55
$90.00 $90.00 $90.00 $900.00
$111.24 $111.28 $111.38 $1,115.33
$91.93 $83.61 $76.08 $692.53
in US dollar
UK MNC Three Subs.
1 2 3
Thai £0.0220 £0.0242 £0.0266 app
Aus £0.5200 £0.5200 £0.5200 no change
NZ £0.4500 £0.4050 £0.3645 depp
UK £1.0000 £1.0000 £1.0000
Thai 1000 1000 5000 10% WACC
Aus 50 50 500
NZ 70 70 700
UK 500 500 3000
£22.0000 £24.2000 £133.1000
£26.0000 £26.0000 £260.0000
£31.5000 £28.3500 £255.1500
£500.0000 £500.0000 £3,000.0000
£579.5000 £578.5500 £3,648.2500
PVs £526.82 £478.14 £2,740.98
value £3,745.94
€ 100,000 € 99,952 € 48
bid ask
Euro $ 1.0415 $ 1.0420 0
USD € 0.9597 € 0.9602
$ 104,150 $ 104,200
Euro $ 1.0915 $ 1.0920 1
$ 200,000 € 191,939 € 192,031
$ 200,000 € 191,939 € 192,031
£ 150,000 USD
GBP $ 1.2332 $ 1.2339 Direct
USD £ 0.8104 £ 0.8109 Indirect
$ 184,980
$ 184,980
Direct: value of the foreign curr. i.t. of the home curr. usa is home Euro
indrect: value of the home curr. i.t. of the foreign curr.
customer gets the inferior deal
€ 100,000 € 99,933 € 67
€ 99,933
Bid Ask
EURO 1.00 $ 1.0432 $ 1.0439 DIRECT USA home
USD 1.00 € 0.9579 € 0.9586 INDIRECT
$ 104,320 $ 104,390
$ 104,320
£ 99,943
£ 100,000 £ 99,943 USA home
BID ASK
GBP $ 1.2345 $ 1.2352 DIRECT
USD £ 0.8096 £ 0.8100 INDIRECT
$ 123,450
$ 123,450
€ 100,000 € 99,952 € 99,952
bid ask USA HOME
Euro $ 1.0415 $ 1.0420 DIRECT
USD € 0.9597 € 0.9602
$ 104,150 $ 104,200
$ 104,150
£ 99,960
GBP £ 100,000 £ 99,960 USA HOME
GBP $ 1.2360 $ 1.2365 DIRECT
£ 0.8087 £ 0.8091 INDIRECT
$ 123,600
$ 123,600