1
1 Aluminium is extracted from its ore by electrolysis.
State what is meant by the term electrolysis.
.................................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 2]
2 Molten zinc chloride is electrolysed.
The incomplete apparatus is shown.
+ –
(a) Complete the diagram by:
• completing the circuit to show the wires and power pack
• labelling the anode.
[2]
(b) Name the products formed at each electrode.
positive electrode .............................................................................................................
negative electrode ............................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 4]
3 A metal spoon is electroplated with copper.
State what is used as:
the positive electrode (anode) ..................................................................................................
the negative electrode (cathode) .............................................................................................
the electrolyte ........................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 3]
2
4 Lithium chloride conducts electricity when molten and when in aqueous solution.
Give two other physical properties of lithium chloride that show it is an ionic compound.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 2]
5 Electricity can be used to break down aqueous or molten ionic compounds.
(a) Name the process which uses electricity to break down aqueous or molten ionic compounds.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Explain why the ionic compound needs to be aqueous or molten.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 2]
6 This question is about chemical reactions and electricity.
The diagram shows the apparatus used in the production of electrical energy in a simple cell.
voltmeter
V
zinc electrode iron electrode
electrolyte
2+
The zinc electrode dissolves in the electrolyte forming Zn (aq) ions.
(a) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the direction of electron flow.
[1]
(b) Write the ionic half-equation for the reaction that occurs when the zinc electrode dissolves.
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 3]
7 Concentrated aqueous sodium chloride is electrolysed using carbon (graphite) electrodes.
Name the gas produced at the positive electrode.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
3
[Total: 1]
8 This question is about electrolysis.
Concentrated hydrochloric acid is electrolysed using the apparatus shown.
wire
+ – carbon electrodes
concentrated
hydrochloric acid
(a) Chloride ions are discharged at the anode.
(i) Complete the ionic half-equation for this reaction.
Cl–(aq) (g) + e–
[2]
(ii) State whether oxidation or reduction takes place. Explain your answer.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) Describe what is seen at the cathode.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 4]
4
9 This question is about electrolysis.
The table gives information about the electrolysis of two electrolytes.
Carbon (graphite) electrodes are used in each experiment.
(a) Complete the table to show the observations and products of electrolysis.
positive electrode (anode) negative electrode (cathode)
electrolyte observations name of product observations name of product
aqueous colourless
copper(II) sulfate bubbles
concentrated aqueous colourless
hydrogen
sodium bromide bubbles
[5]
(b) Hydrogen is produced at the negative electrode (cathode) during the electrolysis of concentrated
aqueous sodium bromide.
Write the ionic half-equation for this reaction.
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) State two reasons why carbon (graphite) is suitable to use as an electrode.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(d) Name the particle responsible for the conduction of electricity in the metal wires used in a
circuit.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 10]
10 Name the type of chemical reaction that releases heat energy.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
5
11 An energy level diagram for the burning of a fuel is shown.
energy
progress of reaction
Complete the diagram using these words:
• products
• reactants. [1]
[Total: 1]
12 Chemical reactions can be endothermic or exothermic.
State the meaning of the term endothermic.
..................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
6
3
13 The diagram shows the apparatus used to compare the energy released when 100 cm of water
is heated by burning different liquid fuels, P, Q, R and S.
thermometer
clamp
100 cm3 water copper can
liquid fuel
All conditions are kept the same, apart from the type of fuel and mass of fuel burned.
The results are shown.
mass of fuel increase in
fuel
burned / g temperature / °C
P 3 6
Q 2 8
R 1 3
S 3 9
Deduce which fuel, P, Q, R or S, releases the least energy per gram.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
7
14 Ethane is an alkane which undergoes a photochemical reaction with chlorine as shown.
C2H6(g) + Cl2(g) → C2H5Cl(l) + HCl(g)
The energy profile diagram of this reaction is shown.
A
C2H6 + Cl 2
energy
B
C2H5Cl + HCl
progress of reaction
(a) Name the energy change labelled A.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Name the energy change labelled B.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) State how the energy profile diagram shows this is an exothermic reaction.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 3]
15 Calcium carbonate decomposes when heated.
calcium carbonate → calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
(a) The decomposition of calcium carbonate is endothermic.
State the meaning of the term endothermic.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
8
(b) The energy level diagram for the decomposition of calcium carbonate is shown.
CaO + CO2
energy
CaCO3
progress of reaction
Explain how the energy level diagram shows that this reaction is endothermic.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 2]
16 Ethene is an alkene which reacts with bromine as shown in the equation.
C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2
Part of the energy profile diagram of this reaction is shown.
C2H4 + Br2
energy
progress of reaction
The reaction is exothermic.
Complete the energy profile diagram for this reaction.
Include:
• the position of the products
• an arrow to show the activation energy, labelled as A
• an arrow to show the energy change for the reaction. [3]
[Total: 3]
9
17 Iron is extracted from iron ore in a blast furnace.
(a) Name an ore of iron.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) Complete the chemical equation for the reduction of iron(III) oxide in the blast furnace.
Fe2O3 + .......CO → .......Fe + 3CO2 [2]
(ii) State the meaning of the term reduction.
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(c) Calcium carbonate (limestone) is added to the blast furnace.
The calcium carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition.
State the meaning of the term thermal decomposition.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 6]
18 The equation shows the effect of heat on anhydrous zinc sulfate.
ZnSO4 → ZnO + SO3
(a) What type of chemical reaction is this?
Tick one box.
addition
decomposition
displacement
oxidation
[1]
10
(b) When 12.60 g of anhydrous zinc sulfate is heated, the mass of zinc oxide formed is 6.34 g.
Calculate the mass of zinc oxide formed when 63.0 g of anhydrous zinc sulfate is heated.
mass of zinc oxide = ........................... g [1]
[Total: 2]
19 Element X can undergo the following physical changes.
gaseous X
boiling or
evaporation
2
liquid X 4
3
1
solid X
(a) Give the scientific name for each of the numbered physical changes.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................................................
4 ........................................................................................................................................ [4]
(b) Explain why the changes shown are physical changes.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) One difference between boiling and evaporation is the rate at which the processes occur.
State one other difference between boiling and evaporation.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
11
[Total: 6]
20 Balance the chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethanol.
C2H5OH + 3O2 → ....... CO2 + ......... H2O
[2]
[Total: 2]
21 Magnesium oxide is used as a catalyst in some reactions.
State the purpose of using a catalyst.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
22 In a blast furnace carbon monoxide reduces iron(III) oxide to iron.
State the meaning of the term reduction.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
23 Fluorine reacts with water to produce hydrogen fluoride and oxygen.
(a) Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.
......F2 + 2H2O → ......HF + O2
[2]
(b) In this reaction both oxidation and reduction take place.
State the meaning of the term oxidation.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 3]
24 Bromine reacts with sulfur dioxide and water.
(a) Complete the chemical equation for this reaction.
Br2 + SO2 + ........H2O → H2SO4 + ........HBr
[2]
12
(b) In this reaction both oxidation and reduction take place.
State the meaning of the term reduction.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 3]
25 Aluminium can be used to reduce iron(III) oxide to iron.
Fe2O3 + 2Al → 2Fe + Al2O3
Describe how this equation shows that iron(III) oxide is reduced.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
26 Hydrogen peroxide reduces sodium chlorate(I), NaClO, to sodium chloride.
H2O2 + NaClO → NaCl + H2O + O2
Describe how this equation shows that sodium chlorate(I) has been reduced.
.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 1]
27 Ammonia reacts with nitrogen dioxide to form nitrogen and water.
(a) Balance the equation for this reaction.
..........NO2 + .........NH3 → .........N2 + 12H2O
[2]
(b) State how the equation shows that the nitrogen in nitrogen dioxide is reduced.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) This reaction is a redox reaction.
State the meaning of the term redox.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 4]
13
28 Some of the ammonia made by the Haber process is converted into nitric acid.
The first stage of this process is the oxidation of ammonia to make nitrogen monoxide.
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) ⇌ 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
The process is carried out at 900 °C and a pressure of 5 atmospheres using an alloy of platinum
and rhodium as a catalyst.
The forward reaction is exothermic.
(a) State the meaning of the term catalyst.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) State the meaning of the term oxidation.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Complete the table using the words increase, decrease or no change.
effect on the rate effect on the equilibrium
of the forward reaction yield of NO(g)
increasing the temperature
increasing the pressure
[4]
(d) Nitrogen monoxide, NO, is converted into nitrogen dioxide, NO2.
2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g)
The nitrogen dioxide reacts with oxygen and water to produce nitric acid as the only product.
Write a chemical equation for this reaction.
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 9]
29 Indigo is a blue dye.
When an alkaline solution of indigo undergoes reduction, it turns colourless.
(a) What is meant by the term reduction?
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
14
(b) A piece of white cloth is soaked in the colourless solution.
When the cloth is left in the air it turns blue.
What type of chemical reaction occurs?
Draw a circle around the correct answer.
decomposition fermentation oxidation polymerisation
[1]
[Total: 2]
