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Pulse Modulation

The document discusses pulse modulation, focusing on the Nyquist Theorem, which states that a continuous signal can be reconstructed from its samples if the sampling rate exceeds twice the maximum signal frequency. It also covers Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), detailing its generation, demodulation, advantages such as ease of implementation and improved signal-to-noise ratio, and disadvantages including susceptibility to noise interference. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of proper sampling rates in communication engineering.

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Irshada Kuttiparambil
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25 views11 pages

Pulse Modulation

The document discusses pulse modulation, focusing on the Nyquist Theorem, which states that a continuous signal can be reconstructed from its samples if the sampling rate exceeds twice the maximum signal frequency. It also covers Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), detailing its generation, demodulation, advantages such as ease of implementation and improved signal-to-noise ratio, and disadvantages including susceptibility to noise interference. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of proper sampling rates in communication engineering.

Uploaded by

Irshada Kuttiparambil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING
PULSE MODULATION

PRIYARAJ P R
Kerala PSC Expert
NYQUIST THEOREM

Also stated as SAMPLING THEOREM

● Used to obtain discrete signal from continuous signal.

- Sufficient number of samples of message signal must be


taken.
- It should be possible to reconstruct original signal from
samples.
SAMPLING THEOREM Cont...
Theorem: If the sampling rate in any pulse modulation system
exceeds twice the maximum signal frequency, the original signal
can be reconstructed in the receiver with minimum distortion.

- If Ts is sampling time, then 1/Fs is the sampling rate.


Ts ≥ 1/2Fm
Fm = Maximum frequency contained in the signal.
SAMPLING THEOREM Cont...
Nyquist Rate also called Minimum Sampling Rate

- When Sampling rate exactly equal to 2Fm


ie, Ts= 2Fm

Maximum sampling interval is called Nyquist interval


Ts = 1/2Fm
PULSE MODULATION SCHEMES
PULSE MODULATION SCHEMES Cont….
PULSE AMPLITUDE MODULATION
- The modulating signal amplitude embedded in the amplitude
of pulses.
- Pulse width and position remains fixed.
Sampling Rate= 1/2Fm
PAM Cont….
● PAM GENERATION
PAM Cont….
● PAM DEMODULATION
PAM Cont….
● ADVANTAGES OF PAM
- Easy to implement.
- Greater peak power.
- Improved SNR.
- Pulses are equally spaced and uniform duration, so
receiver synchronisation is easy.

● DISADVANTAGES OF PAM
- Greater noise interference.
- Peak power requirement of transmitter varies.
- Bandwidth depends on maximum frequency pr̥esent.
THANK YOU

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