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The document discusses electrochemical cells, including their types such as Voltaic, Galvanic, and Daniel cells, and the role of salt bridges in maintaining electrical neutrality. It explains the conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy and the movement of ions within the cell. Additionally, it outlines the concepts of oxidation and reduction potentials, electrode materials, and the importance of maintaining a complete circuit for the cell's operation.
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Electfochemscal .
cell
Electoly tic —
cell.
Conversion ol Conversion of:
chemical — Electric Electtic — chemicat
KCl ofS NHyNO, Py,
in eget agar: tate b a Pebated
Anos Zn) = Zn vagy b 27
= —
“cthodes Cu™ eva ae oo Gc) e
as opt? :
Zn + care aq) = 20" cag) + Cys))
ee
Vhis cell w& alsa Known art
Voltaic cell, Galvanic cell, Daniel cell
Solt Brrdqe : > nent electra ly te
> Apprwx. same mobi lity af +e
and -ve rons.
*® Funchon's of . Salt Bridge.
7? To mauntain the electrical neut relity,
+ To complete the circuit
> External conduction acctusy though es
> To remove the LEFP-Cuiquicd Tunct'on
Pon tential )
— > ga direct stedex ms oy vessel Hi aie’ aeacu one
aul es use, ot Sal a2,
> Ub Indirect fedox 2 cliff omc vessel di We and
jhus we can Cabturg,, e75,,.40:) €7, Flows from one
vesoet to othex, ~
3 ghe ditection of crsent & opposite to the flow of
electrons,
S Anodd wv -Ve E cathode Ww +ve because gel theu to
high ev density Q presquxe on amode side and thu em flows
Lrorn anode +t cathode till EQUILIBRIUM.-
hee electrical pressure
density .
> this » tue M Electrochemical cell
a2 . :
= ol has accept fhe e” on god only not in oe: 7 “ w
oe Rea® stop? hbefesw equilbrium i established SOng$ o
a a +2 og 2
> Otn both the Thalh’ cell Beal en” Met! sqr ey
WA BEA cut adeey 6047 ce
> But wher the sea” strats zy starts going into &
a
ihe { is Go
to sol ive Zn @ = ze? 4 2e e
n
rami pet Zr? increases in Sol - anc ce
1
Buk imam? hath cel Cut? from the 201 depos its C
on Cu sock. As a. segult cul? decrease in sol”
: ae
71 9eLeHvely (Sn tncteases 1-€ cur 4 0e7 > Cu
Po Aftess sometime zrsoy col” becomes tue chatgo
and CusO, , sol” becomes —ve chanan ©
i a a
> Befose connecting sol” with wire moo, “2! Cuso, ©
neu Sol” soln Cc
eS
ce
e
z <¢
S And thewfre zrSo, w& +ve charge om will not Flow
1 from anods 4o Cathode, And thus Swa” stobs , cS
3 TF we sagain dlectaicad meitiatily then cwwrent will fue
+ 3s To make. the’ col” neutsia2 we ase puty'n “salt a
‘J
Bsvidge- ~
> Im Galt boidge thou iv Kept “He, ox KCI paste Gel®
prepwwd un Agan- Agan- |
3. Th pHa NO, Hee w DH, Ny.
(
DS From salt bach nog goes (nto He thalf cei/
as the 4°¥ halk ce hecome sve chasige for neutrality -
A ad half cell ay “nd half
Ss And na) hue” ° abe 12088
cell become —VEe chase ge,
2A2274AAA
42> re : a
The condiWon fox wh, wos ie: Ih ymobilthky of WHT
VW Sanne Ge thak of Noy:
S ‘ nal : = rs more Ly
Ronin 2 half cell [ cus, aio thoteor = 4e 50y
2 ane Hwe 504% will go ub in satt pridgacanck
ove imo a5* halk “ced to neutralise 2nt?,
me a not sop? will go ub but “zat? also flows
from 4% half cet, to a2 halk cel! through bevckgt.
3 ghun, te foseme complete circuit:
oe! And alex butting satt, boidge cet wotll work
continuosly, This ip Danei\ cell.
> Electrolyte cam he - electrolysed, |
SE Redox Cource Og Harr Cer:
> Fou deep sat cia Aa get conc™ 1M Gig, Ae cherie. |
29C [reek] GU aie A gas Cie al pressure tba
AA w Gay ai A ce A standard half cell seclre.
Hesentation : +2 42
Pe ceu i zn an \l Cu \ Chey
Left Right
oxida” fed”
Anode Cathode
Negative Positve
E Spon. cls eo = Stancasd potential’ cell
cell
EmF sees = Electts motve faxce senies.E Znt? \ Zn
1
E cut?) Cr
com °
e cuts [cu
+
°
E Ag” \ Aq
” °
ged poten ah
Peconic eres
= 5046-0
= + O38 V
+o.59V
= +030 V
£° Zn | Zn*?
° +2
€° Cu | cut
7 43
E* cul cu
ot
EB? ag \- Age
* +H
eeenimreten tial
+O. F6V
~ OdkV
- OS2v
= .n70: FOV
3
Be up) species oft oxid” potemHak aeiot Redu” potential
oh vate same Ed UB sign different ae
Reducing
> SKdicing
a
powei of
(@ donate saacof temdon cy)
9
Zp Mose than that of CU& Ag.
These above vadues casas solatve “Wralere 8 anol
ase sxelated to Hydsto gem.
é
> Hydnogen of
Pa
Oxi
Peo eat aE lh
donate aA ‘accet Sacuol tendoncy. zero
E’ nit = e100V
= 0,00 Va Electrode Po ten Hol :
> OF meta mod A asnyyl
OQ AA Electsode sealer.
as
And _ electrode ~ 4G ductoe aa
Erhal nonce eten 3 2 good conduc of electricity
> In penct! cell the electrode w made up of arophite.
electrolyte at cleeP sue
2 Graphite » good conductas of ebectrictty ,
5 Diamond Ww back comclunc tase of electrvet ty.
> Electtode otembal a meaning 5 Reclucchion otential
Anaya. L Told’ by TUPACT
S oxid™ ane aon ene Ul electrode potential Use at
aigizl aa Red® ane ation aoe use pene
|
Anode rid’: H,0 > BHF Or 4 2E7 = 623
|
Pade oe te on One |
S metad ai em accept sguyen cid, anid ol metal ton a
will accept em aaat non-metal IS clemental seu a
ox ev accebt Sl aids
fo his mg ames mg? + 267
+ .
Hydeogem act seduce 2H" + 2e7 —F Ha hecamak
potential =o q gant mote oO
Ss Im compat ©
prydtogen ofl sod”
> Reuce au (Ha? aa cathode 612,
Oyrdise WA (Mg) 2 amede aa.Stamdard Electroce Potente (Red Posen aL )
ACD DB -0.13, -2-4 Je we et iy
>
L
3S Hof value high — actof Red” potenbak 4! high.
ey A> ay > eo Oxicdizing agent strength
foe)
oxdiing natew
oxtdizing Pown
seducing cqent strength,
seducing dedoare = 8 i Ted > A> <
. _ 2a
seducing bowen
> ale) wie seduction polental aD strong seducin
agent: - ¥2 Shoah
B.g- (ar seditce angi)
Recuction potenttat high — > Good oxidising aqont
Oxidaton potem Hal high = + hood sudu cing agont
(HA oxidise 2 di)
> F seduce uy aa sud” potential high érefl gignast
+ (usd, a gol™ A zo a bottle Hi FI ot S212 S1Qy7y
% soa” UP zn Gol? atl Bi a&
5 Buk CuS0u cam be FI dn Aq vessel.
rch state ati aNd metal sol” att | col eri
ag modal soli 1 sol
° . Red® potenti high sty metal
3 meta GD wer asi of \
GAA ai problem aes
SY Ug?) sep VLDL eva tt problem ott ater,