PERSPECTIVES AND ISSUES
IN DEEP LEARNING.
NAME: MAHI GUPTA
YEAR: 3rd
SEMESTER : 6th
UNIVERSITY ROLL: 10930622004
STREAM: ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
SUBJECT NAME :DEEP LEARNING
SUBJECT CODE : PCCAIML602
INTRODUCTION TO DEEP LEARNING
Deep Learning is a subset of Machine Learning that uses artificial neural networks to automate decision-making,
pattern recognition, and AI-driven tasks. It processes data through multiple layers, learning complex patterns and
features.
Key Architectures
CNNs (Convolutional Neural Networks): Used for image processing,
object detection, and computer vision.
RNNs (Recurrent Neural Networks): Handle sequential data like time
series and speech recognition.
Transformers: Power NLP models like BERT and GPT for language
understanding.
Core Techniques
Backpropagation & Gradient Descent: Optimize neural networks by
adjusting weights.
Batch Normalization & Dropout: Prevent overfitting and improve
model stability.
Transfer Learning: Adapts pre-trained models to new tasks for
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efficiency.
Bias in AI
Models inherit biases from training data, leading to unfair or discriminatory decisions in hiring,
lending, law enforcement, and healthcare.
AI systems may reinforce societal prejudices if not properly monitored and corrected.
Lack of diversity in training datasets can result in inaccurate predictions for underrepresented
groups.
Privacy Issues
Extensive data collection raises concerns about user security, consent, and ETHICAL AND
potential misuse of personal information.
AI-driven surveillance systems can compromise individual privacy and lead to SOCIAL
ethical dilemmas.
Data breaches and unauthorized access to AI-stored information pose serious CONCERNS
cybersecurity risks.
Job Displacement
Automation and AI-driven systems replace traditional job roles, impacting employment
in sectors like manufacturing, customer service, and logistics.
The shift toward AI-powered workplaces may require workers to upskill or transition
to new careers.
Governments and industries must address workforce reskilling and economic
challenges to mitigate unemployment risks.
COMPUTATIONAL AND TECHNICAL
CHALLENGES
High Computational Costs:
Deep learning requires expensive GPUs/TPUs, making training costly.
Cloud solutions help but raise data security and accessibility concerns.
Energy Consumption:
Training large models consumes high electricity, increasing the carbon footprint.
Efforts focus on energy-efficient architectures and optimized training methods.
Slow Training & Optimization:
Deep networks require extensive computation, making training time-consuming.
Techniques like transfer learning and distributed computing improve efficiency.
Memory and Storage Limitations:
Large models demand high memory and storage, challenging deployment on edge devices.
Compression techniques like quantization help reduce resource usage.
Scalability Issues:
Deploying AI at scale requires efficient infrastructure and low-latency processing.
Optimizing inference and using lightweight architectures improve scalability.
SECURITY RISK
Adversarial Attacks
Small, carefully crafted changes in input data can trick AI models into making
incorrect predictions.
This can be exploited in critical applications like facial recognition, autonomous
vehicles, and cybersecurity.
Defensive techniques such as adversarial training and robust model architectures are
being developed to counteract such threats.
Data Poisoning
Malicious alterations in training datasets can manipulate model behavior, leading to
biased or incorrect outputs.
Attackers can introduce corrupted data during model training, impacting AI-driven
decision-making in finance, healthcare, and security.
Regular dataset auditing and anomaly detection methods help mitigate this risk.
Privacy and Model Theft
AI models may unintentionally expose sensitive user data, leading to privacy breaches.
Attackers can reverse-engineer or steal trained models, using them for unauthorized or
unethical purposes.
Techniques like differential privacy and secure model deployment help protect AI assets.
FUTURE TRENDS AND SOLUTIONS
Explainable AI (XAI)
Efforts are focused on making deep learning models more interpretable and transparent.
Techniques like SHAP, LIME, and attention visualization help understand AI decisions.
Regulatory frameworks demand AI explainability for fairness in sectors like healthcare and
finance.
Energy-Efficient AI
Research aims to reduce deep learning’s high computational and energy costs.
Techniques like model pruning, quantization, and hardware optimization improve efficiency.
Neuromorphic computing and edge AI enable low-power, real-time AI processing.
Hybrid Models:
Combining deep learning with traditional AI techniques improves accuracy and efficiency.
Symbolic AI, knowledge graphs, and rule-based methods enhance decision-making.
Hybrid approaches are useful in NLP, robotics, and complex problem-solving.
Federated Learning:
Enables AI model training across multiple devices without centralizing data.
Enhances data privacy and security while reducing dependency on cloud storage.
Widely applied in healthcare, finance, and mobile AI applications.
CONCLUSION
Deep learning has revolutionized artificial intelligence, offering powerful solutions across various
domains. However, challenges like high computational costs, data dependency, ethical concerns, and
model interpretability remain critical. Addressing these issues requires interdisciplinary efforts,
responsible AI development, and continuous innovation. As deep learning evolves, balancing its
potential with ethical and practical considerations will shape the future of AI.
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
