MODULE 1: VERB TENSES

Thì SIMPLE PRESENT SIMPLE PAST

Dạng (Hiện tại đơn) (Quá khứ đơn)
Khẳng
S + V[1/s/es] S + V-ed/V2
định
Phủ định S + don’t / doesn’t + V0 S + didn’t + V0
Nghi vấn Do / Does + S + V0 …? Did + S + V0s…?
- yesterday
- always, usually, occasionally, often, …
- last + time: last week, last Sunday…
Dấu hiệu - every: every day, every year, every
- time+ ago: two months ago, five years
nhận Sunday
ago…
biết - once a day , twice…, 3 times…
- in the past, in + year (past): in 1990, …

Thì PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS

Dạng (Hiện tại tiếp diễn) (Quá khứ tiếp diễn)
Khẳng
S + am / is / are + V-ing S + was / were + V-ing
định
Phủ định S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ing S + wasn’t / weren’t + V-ing
Nghi vấn Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing …? Was / Were + S + V-ing …?
- At that moment
- now, at present
- When / As + S + (simple past), S + was/
- at the moment
Dấu hiệu were V-ing
- Sau câu mệnh lệnh :
nhận biết Vd: When I came, she was crying.
Vd: Keep silent! The baby is
- While :
sleeping.
Vd: A dog crossed the road while I was
Look! He is running.
driving.

Thì PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT

Dạng (Hiện tại hoàn thành) (Quá khứ hoàn thành)
Khẳng
S + has / have + V-ed/V 3 S + had + V-ed/V3
định
Phủ định S + hasn’t / haven’t + V-ed/ V3 S + hadn’t + V-ed/ V3
Nghi vấn Has / Have + S + V-ed/ V3 …? Had + S + V-ed/ V3…?
- just, already, ever, yet, recently, -
after + S + had V3/ED , (simple past)
Dấu hiệu lately,.. -
before + (simple past), S + had V3/ED
nhận biết - since, for : since 1995, for 9 years -
By the time + S + V(simple past) , S + had
- so far, up to now , It is the first
V3/ED: cho đến lúc........
time…..

Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

(Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn) (Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn)

Công thức
(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing (+) S+ had + been + V-ing
(-) S + hadn't been + V-ing
( S+ have/has + not + been + V-ing (?) Had + S + been + V-ing?
(?) Have/Has + S + been + V-ing
Dấu hiệu Dấu hiệu
All the morning, all the afternoon, all day long, For, how long, all day, ...
since, for, how long, ...

Thì SIMPLE FUTURE FUTURE PERFECT

Dạng (Tương lai đơn) (Tương lai hoàn thành)
Khẳng
S + will + V 0 S + will have+ V-ed/ V3
định
Phủ định S + won’t + V 0 S + won’t have + V-ed/ V3
Nghi vấn Will + S + V 0? Will + S + have + V-ed/ V3…?
- tomorrow
- by the end of this month
Dấu hiệu - next + time : next week, next
- by the time+S+ V (simple present), S + will
nhận biết Monday,….
have V3/ED
- in the future

Thì FUTURE CONTINUOUS FUTURE PERFECT

Dạng (Tương lai tiếp diễn) CONTINUOUS
(Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp
diễn)
Khẳng
S + will be + V-ing S + will have been + V-ing
định
Dấu hiệu - Diển tả 1 sự việc đang xảy ra ở tương Diễn tả một hành động được hoàn
nhận biết lai. thành tại một thời điểm trong tương
lai. tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn
nhấn mạnh quá trình của hành động.

Thì NEAR FUTURE

Dạng (Tương lai gần)
Khẳng
S + am/is/are going to + V0
định
Dấu hiệu - Diễn tả 1 kế hoạch, dự định.
nhận biết - Diễn tả 1 dự đoán có căn cứ
 PRACTICE EXERCISES
VERB TENSE REVISION ❶
1. When I last saw him, he in London.
A. has lived B. is living
C. was living D. has been living
2. We Dorothy since last Saturday.
A. don’t see B. haven’t seen C. didn’t see D. hadn’t seen

3. The train _ half an hour ago.

A. has been leaving B. left C. has left D. had left
4. My sister for you since yesterday.
A. is looking B. was looking C. has been looking D. looked
5. Christopher Columbus American more than 500 years ago.
A. discovered B. has discovered
C. had discovered D. had been discovering
6. He fell down when he towards the church.
A. run B. runs C. was running D. had run
7. I’ll come and see you before I for the States.
A. leave B. will leave C. have left D. shall leave
8. John a book when I saw him.
A. is reading B. read C. was reading D. reading
9. Her brother in Canada at present.
A. working B. works C. is working D. work
10. I to the same barber since last year.
A. am going B. have been going C. go D. had gone
11. Her father when she was a small girl.
A. dies B. died C. has died D. had died
12. Almost everyone for home by the time we arrived.
A. leave B. left C. leaves D. had left
13. I couldn’t cut the grass because the lawn mower a few days previously.
A. broke down B. has been broken C. had broken down D. breaks down
14. Since , I have heard nothing from him.
A. he had left B. he left C. he has left D. he was left
15. After I lunch, I looked for my bag.
A. had B. had had C. have has D. have had
16. By the end of next year, George English for two years.
A. will have learned B. will learn C. has learned D. would learn
17. Henry into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner.
A. was going B. went C. has gone D. did go
18. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he dinner.
A. finish B. finishes C. will finish D. finishing
19. I from him since he two years ago.
A. hadn't heard; disappeared B. haven't heard; disappeared
C. didn't hear; has disappeared D. will not hear; disappears
20. After the guests , she back into the living-room and off the
light.
A. left; went; turned B. had left; had gone; turned
C. have leftt; will got; turned D. had left; went; turned
21. By the time you finish cooking they their homework.
A. will have finished B. will finish C. had finished D. have finished
22. I will tell John about it .
A. when I will see him this afternoon. B. when I see him this afternoon.
C. when I saw him this afternoon. D. after I had seen him this afternoon.
23. I have heard nothing from him since he school.
A. had left B. left C. has left D. leaves
24. He fell down while he towards the church.
A. run B. runs C. was running D. had run
25. Bill’s mother won’t let him go out with his friends .
A. when he finished his homework B. after he had finished his homework
C. once he finished his homework D. until he has finished his homework
26. Her academic performance has greatly improved since she her study methods.
A. will change B. changed C. was changing D. would change
27. You may not see how important your family is .
A. after you had lived far from home B. when you were living far from home
C. until you live far from home D. as soon as you lived far from home
28. The city has changed a lot since I last it.
A. visited B. would visit C. will visit D. visit
29. He will take the dog out for a walk .
A. as soon as he finished dinner B. as soon as he will finish
C. as soon as he has finished B. as soon as he was finishing
30. Ask her to come and see me .
A. when she finished her work B. when she has finished her work
C. after she had finished her work D. as soon as she was finishing her work.
 VERB TENSE REVISION ❷

1. John tennis once or twice a week.

A. is playing usually B. is usually playing
C. usually plays D. plays usually
2. Tom his hand when he was cooking dinner.
A. burnt B. was burning C. has burnt D. had burnt
3. Jim is away on holiday. He to Spain.
A. is gone B. have been C. has been D. was
4. Everything is going well. We any problems so far.
A. didn't have B. don't have C. haven't had D. hadn't had
5. Jane just a few minutes ago.
A. left B. has left C. leaves D. had left
6. Timson 13 films and I think the latest is the best.
A. made B. had made C. has made D. was making
7. Robert lately?
A. Did you see B. Have you seen C. Do you see D. Are you seeing
8. When I was a child, I the violin.
A. was playing B. am playing C. played D. play
9. He for the national team in 65 matches so far.
A. has played B. has been played C. played D. is playing
10. I'm busy at the moment. I on the computer.
A. work B. worked C. am working
11.When I looked round the door, the baby quietly.
A. is sleeping B. slept C. was sleeping D. were sleeping
12. Robert ill for three weeks. He is still in hospital.

A. had been B. has been C. is D. was

13. I'm very tired. I over four hundred miles today.
A. drive B. am driving C. have drived D. have driven
14. What time to work this morning?
A. did you get B. are you getting C. have you got D. do you get
15. When I this man, he was running away
A. see B. was seeing C. saw D. had seen
16. As soon as Martina saw the fire, she the fire department.
A. was telephoning B. telephoned
C. had telephoned D. has telephoned
17. Every time Parkas sees a movie made in India, he homesick.
A. will have left B. felt C. feels D. is feeling
18. After the race , the celebration began.
A. had been won B. is won C. will be won D. has been won
19. The earth on the sun for its heat and light.
A. is depended B. depends C. is depending D. has depended
20. When I entered the room, everyone
 A. has been dancing B. was dancing C. had danced D. danced
21. I was very tired because I all the day.
A. have worked B. have been working
C. had worked D. had been working
22. How long able to drive? - Since 1990.
A. could you B. have you been C. were you D. are you
23. When she the noise, she down to the kitchen and
A. hears; goes; turns B. heard; went; turned
C. heard; was going; turned D. had heard; went; had turned
24. Jane and I school in 1987.
A. finish B. have finished C. finishes D. finished
25. Pasteur
A. was living B. lived C. had lived D. has lived
26. When he came,
A. I was watching TV. B. I watched TV. C. I am watching TV D. I have
watched TV. 27.Everyday, my sister the floor.
A. usually clean B. cleans usually C. usually cleaned D. usually cleans
28. After they their breakfast, they shopping yesterday.
A. have; go B. had had; go C. had; had gone D. had had; went
29. Father _ his pipe while mother a magazine.
A. smoked; read B. was smoking; was reading
C. had smoked; read D. smoking; reading
30. When we came to the stadium, the match
A. already begins. B. had already begun.
C. already began. D. have already begun.

MODULE 2: THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES

Một câu có thể bao gồm một mệnh đề chính (main clause) và một hoặc nhiều mệnh đề
phụ (subordinate clause). Khi trong câu có hai mệnh đề trở lên, các động từ phải có sự
phối hợp về thì.
 Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian:
Main clause Adverbial clause of time
(Mệnh đề chính) (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Hiện tại Hiện tại
Quá khứ Quá khứ
Tương lai Hiện tại

1. Sự phối hợp thì trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian:
Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ đơn)
diễn tả hành động xảy Eg: When he saw me, he smiled, at me.
 ra nối tiếp nhau Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
WHEN + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai đơn)
Eg: When I see him, I will remind him to call you.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ tiếp diễn)
diễn tả một hành động Eg: When I came to see her, she was cooking dinner.
WHEN đang xảy ra thì có hành
động khác xen vào Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
WHEN + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai tiếp diễn)
Eg: When you come in, your boss will be waiting for you
there.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn
diễn tả một hành động thành)
xảy ra xong trước một Eg: When I arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off
hành động khác Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
WHEN + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V(tương lai hoàn thành)
Eg: When you return to the town, they will have finished
building a new bridge.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
AS SOON AS + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ đơn)
AS diễn tả hành động xảy Eg: As soon as she saw a mouse, she shouted and ran away.
SOON ra nối tiếp nhau Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
AS AS SOON AS + S + V (hiện tại đơn/hiện tại hoàn thành),
S + V (tương lai đơn)
Eg: I will call you as soon as I have finished / finish the work.
S + V (hiện tại hoàn thành) + SINCE + V (quá khứ đơn)
SINCE diễn tả nghĩa “từ khi’’
Eg: We have known each other since we were at high school.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
diễn tả hành động kết BY + trạng từ của quá khứ + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành)
BY + thúc tính đến một điểm Eg: By last month, we had worked for the company for 9
TIME nào đó trong quá years.
khứ/tương lai Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
BY + trạng từ của tương lai + S + V (tương lai hoàn thành)
Eg: By next month, we will have worked for the company for
9 years.
AT diễn tả hành động đang Trong QUÁ KHỨ:

THIS/THAT xảy ra tại một AT THIS/THAT TIME + trạng từ của quá khứ + S +
TIME thời điểm xác V (quá khứ tiếp diễn)
định trong quá Eg: At this time last week, we were preparing for Tet.
khứ/tương lai Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
AT THIS/THAT TIME + trạng từ của tương lai + S +
V (tương lai tiếp diễn)
Eg: At this time next week, we will be having a big party in the
garden.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
 BY THE TIME + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ
BY THE diễn tả nghĩa hoàn thành)
TIME “vào lúc” Eg: By the time she got home, everyone had gone to bed.
Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
BY THE TIME + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai
hoàn thành)
Eg: By the time she gets home, everyone will have gone to bed.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
AFTER + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành), S + V (quá khứ
diễn tả hành đơn)
AFTER động xảy ra Eg: After she had done her homework, she went out for a walk.
xong rồi mới Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
tới hành động AFTER + S + V (hiện tại hoàn thành), S + V (hiện tại đơn)
khác Eg: After she has done her homework, she goes out for a walk.
Trong QUÁ KHỨ:
BEFORE + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn
diễn tả hành
BEFORE thành)
động xảy ra
Eg: Before she went to bed, she had locked all the doors.
xong trước khi
có hành động Trong TƯƠNG LAI:
khác tới BEFORE + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai hoàn
thành)
Eg: Hurry up or the film will have ended before we go to the
movie.
S + V (tương lai đơn)/ V(bare)/DON’T + V(bare) +
UNTIL/ TILL diễn tả nghĩa UNTIL/TILL + S + V
“cho tới khi” (hiện tại đơn/hiện tại
hoàn thành) Eg: I will
wait for you until it is
possible. Wait here until I
come back.

 CHANGE INTO THE PAST SIMPLE  PRESENT SIMPLE PERFECT

1.S + Last +V2/ed + time +ago/in+ mốc thời gian./when + clause

=> S +have/has + not + V3/ed + for +khoảng
thời gian.
+ since + mốc thời gian.
=>It’s + time + since + S +last +V2/ed
=>The last time + S + V2/ed +was+ time + ago

The last time I met him was 15 years ago.

2.This is the first time + S + have/has + V3/ed

=>S + have/has + never + V3/ed + before
3.S started/began + Ving/to V +…....................+khoảng thời gian +ago
+…..............In + mốc thời gian./when + clause
=>S + have/has + V3/ed +for + khoảng thời gian
+since + mốc thời gian
4.When + did + S + started/begin + to V/Ving…..............?
=>How long + have/has + S + V3/ed….?

PRACTICE EXERCISES

1. I your brother at Green Street yesterday afternoon.

A. meet B. met C. have met D. had met
2. He a cigarette and to the window.
A. light; walked B. lit; walks C. lighted; walked D. lights; walks
3. After she for help, she off her shoes and in to save him.
A. shouted; took; jumped B. had shouted; took; jumped
C. had shouted; had taken; jumped D. shouted; had taken; jumped
4. I can't go with you because I my homework yet.
A. haven't finished B. had finished C. finished D. finish
5. He for London 2 years ago and since then I him.
A. have left; didn't see B. left; haven't seen
C. left; hadn't seen D. had left; have't seen
6. The performance at 7 o'clock and for 3 hours. We all
very much.
A. had started; had lasted; enjoyed B. had started; lasted; enjoyed
C. started; had lasted; enjoyed D. started; lasted; enjoyed
7. Tell them to stop and take a rest. They long enough.
A. have worked B. had worked C. have been working D. had been working
8. "You here before?” □ "Yes, I my holidays here last year.”
A. have you been; spended B. have you been;
spent
C. had you been; spent D. were you; spent
9. We our housework by tomorrow evening.
A. will finish B. will have finished
C. will be finishing D. are going to finish
10. "Your face is dirty, Tom.” □ "All right, I it.”
A. am washing B. am going to wash C. will wash D. will have washed
11. Coming into the room, he Mary where he her.
A. see; left B. saw; had left C. had seen; left D. saw; was leaving
12. I from him since he two years ago.
A. hadn't heard; disappeared B.
haven't heard; disappeared
C. didn't hear; has disappeared D. will not hear; disappears
13. After the guests she back into the living-room and off
the light.
A. left; went; turned B. had left; had gone; turned
C. have leftt; will got; turned D. had left; went;
turned
14. By the time you finish cooking they their homework.
A. will have finished B. will finish C. had finished D. have finished
15. "You have just missed the last train.” □ "Never mind. I ”
A. will be walking B. am going to walk C. will walk D. am walking
16. "I the way to the Globe Theater.” □ "OK. I you.”
A. don't know; will show B. won't know; will show
C. don't know; am showing D. don't know; am going to show
17. Come in, please. I for you long.
A. have waited B. have been waiting
C. had been waiting D. have been waited
18. Who you to the cinema with last night?
A. went B. did you go C. had gone D. did you went
19. Detective: I'm afraid I must ask both of you. What at 10.20
p.m yesterday? Mr. X: I chess with
my wife.
Mr. Y: I to a play on the radio.
A. were you doing; am playing; was listening B. did you do; played; listened
C. were you doing; am playing; am listening D. were you doing; was playing; was listening
20. You my sister for a long time come to see us tonight?
A. haven’t seen; Will you B. won't see; Will you
C. hadn't seen; Would you D. haven’t seen; Are you going