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Web Designing 2 Unit 1 XML Notes

XML, or eXtensible Markup Language, is a markup language used for storing, structuring, and transporting data in a human-readable and machine-readable format. It is characterized by its extensibility, hierarchical structure, platform independence, and self-descriptive nature. Common uses of XML include data sharing across platforms, configuration files, and web services.

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119 views3 pages

Web Designing 2 Unit 1 XML Notes

XML, or eXtensible Markup Language, is a markup language used for storing, structuring, and transporting data in a human-readable and machine-readable format. It is characterized by its extensibility, hierarchical structure, platform independence, and self-descriptive nature. Common uses of XML include data sharing across platforms, configuration files, and web services.

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Web Designing 2 - Unit 1: XML Full Notes

Unit 1: Introduction to XML

1. What is XML?

XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language. It is a markup language used to store, structure, and transport

data.

It is both human-readable and machine-readable, and allows users to define custom tags.

2. Characteristics of XML:

- Extensible: You can define your own tags.

- Structured: Stores data in hierarchical (tree) structure.

- Platform-Independent: Can be used across various platforms.

- Self-descriptive: Tags clearly describe the data.

- Unicode Supported: Supports multilingual data.

- Case-sensitive: <Name> and <name> are different.

3. XML Syntax Rules:

- Every tag must have a closing tag.

- Proper nesting of tags is mandatory.

- Only one root element per document.

- Tags and attributes are case-sensitive.

- Attribute values must be in quotes.

- Use entities for special characters.

Example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<student>

<name>Rahul</name>

<roll>101</roll>

<course>BSc CS</course>

</student>
Web Designing 2 - Unit 1: XML Full Notes

4. Structure of XML Document:

a) Prolog Section:

Contains XML declaration and comments.

Example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!-- Student Data -->

b) Document Element Section:

Contains root and child elements.

Example:

<student>

<name>Priya</name>

<rollno>102</rollno>

</student>

5. XML Declaration:

It declares version and encoding of XML.

Syntax:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

6. Well-Formed XML Example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<university>

<student>

<name>Priya</name>

<rollno>202</rollno>

<course>MSc IT</course>

</student>

</university>

7. Common Mistakes in XML:

- Missing end tags


Web Designing 2 - Unit 1: XML Full Notes

- Improper nesting

- Not quoting attribute values

- Multiple root elements

- Using special characters (&, <) without encoding

8. Uses of XML:

- Data sharing across platforms and applications

- Configuration files in applications

- Web services (SOAP, RSS)

- Structured storage for web/mobile apps

Summary:

XML is a universal data format designed to store and share structured data in a readable and

platform-independent manner.

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