I

01 6
02 20
03 38

II
04 62
05 88

III
06 108
07 132

IV
08 158
09 178
10 196

i i

i
[Link]
1

4 20 6 30 % 1
4 4
1
 [Link]

EBS 25 8

EBS
EBS

EBS
 01

SI

m kg s
1.

1 133 ⁄ ∞‹ ∞‹ Cs 9,192,631,770
2.
1

24 ;6¡0; 1 ;6¡0; 1

1
3.

1967 1 133 ⁄ ∞‹ ∞‹ Cs 9,192,631,

770 1967

30 1

m kg s

6
 [Link]
01

1 15˘
1

13
1.

10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00
09 30 10 30 11 30 12 30 13 30 14 30
2 6 2 6 2 6 2.
24 2

2
3. ˘
12 30 1

24_60
1˘ =4
360

24

360˘
15˘(= ) 1
24

127˘
08:25 AM 05:25 PM
05:25 PM
139˘
09:25 AM
04:25 AM
01:25 AM 04:25 PM
135˘
02:25 AM 03:25 PM

10:25 AM
05:25 AM 07:25 PM

15

7
 01

1m
1
299,792,458

3
z

a b c c
P(a, b, c)

0 b y
x y z
a

x
1.

m
2. 1
1m
40,000,000
A 1m
B
P
¥
¬
1
1m 1983 17 1m
299,792,458
A
B
k
u

P
k
¥
¬
180˘ 180˘

u
0˘ 90˘

8
 [Link]
01

GPS Global Positioning System GPS

GPS
GPS B
GPS A GPS C

GPS
B
A C

3 GPS
1

1.

2. 90 km/h
270 km
A B

3. 400 m

1 40

m/s
( ) ( )
P Q 150 m
P Q 50 m m/s

50 m
P Q
= 100 m
>

= m/s

GPS
= m/s 3
4 0

9
 01

4 20
(m/s) (m)
3 15 Í=Í
=Í3 m/s
2 Í=Í 10

1 =Í15 m 5

0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
(s) (s)

1. 6 m/s A
vA B vB A B vAB
vAB=vB-vA
4 m/s

m/s

2 3 1
3
54 km/h
= m/s¤

2. 54 km/h= m/s

3. 0 3

m/s¤

(m/s)
4

2
0~4 7~10 0
7 8 10
0
4~7 -2 m/s¤ 10~12 2 4 6 12 (s)
2 m/s¤ _2

0~4 16 m
7~10 6m
4~6 a<0 v>0 a<0 v>0

10
15
5

10
 [Link]
01

vº v t
v-vº
v-vº a= v
t
v=vº+at

s
s=vºt+;2!;at¤
t
2as=v¤ -vº¤ 1.
10 m/s¤ 4

vº+v m
v =
2
1 2 3
v=v0+at s=v0t+_at2
2 2 m/s¤
a v s
1
_at2
2
v0
v0t
2. 5
m/s
0 t 0 t 0 t

3. 10
m

10 m v A
5Ím/s 5Ím/s
5 m/s A B B A B
4Ím
A 10Ím

B v A B 4m
A B

A 2 B
A A 2 m/s¤
v 4 m/s

A B 10 m 5 m/s
B 2 (m/s) 5
v
A B 2
B A 2 4Ím

;2!;_2_v=4 80
0 2 (s)
v 10
v=4 m/s a= =;2$;=2 m/s¤
2 100

11
 01

s
vº v 1 2 3 4
t a 10 cm 40 cm 90 cm 160 cm

v=vº+at s=;2!;at¤ a=0.2 m/s¤

s=vºt+;2!;at¤
2as=v¤ -vº¤

1.

4
2 3

0 4 8 12

(m/s)
20 0m 360 m 640 m 840 m

0 5
(s)

2.
4 m/s¤
100 m/s
m/s
3 km
3.

s=vºt+;2!;at¤ 4 360=4vº+8a 8 640=8vº+32a

320=4vº+16a
a=-5 m/s¤ 5 m/s¤
a=-5 m/s¤ vº=100 m/s
0 2as=v¤ -vº¤ 2_(-5)_s=-100¤ s
10
1 km
50

12
 [Link]

03
01 Q
P
GPS

P Q

P Q 1

04

02
24 ;6¡0;
90 %
1 ;6¡0; 1 10 % 1
299,792,458
133 ⁄ ∞‹ ∞‹ Cs 1m
1 1m

13
05 P Q 100 m 07 80 m 20 m/s
5 m/s Q 50 m t=0
R P R 10 m
50
20 m/s

10 m
80 m
50 m Q
P R
100 m

0.5
P R
150 m
4
Q R

;3%; m/s 5
P R
1 m/s

06 08 A B

4 m/s 6 m/s t=0

40 m
18
A
16
( )
4 m/s 6 m/s 14
B
12
40 m
0
1 2 3 4

A B

6 m/s 1 B
2 80 m A 3 4 B
100 m 1 4 A B
36 m

14
 [Link]

09 11 A B

10 m/s
10 m/s B
(m/s)
3 A
t=0
2
1
2 m/s¤
0 1 2 3 4
t=8 (s)

A 3m

6 m/s 16 m 6 m/s 34 m B 1 m/s¤

16 m/s 16 m 26 m/s 34 m 0 3 A B
26 m/s 64 m 2

12
10 t=0 2 m/s
t=5 12 m/s

(m/s)
3
t=0 t=5Í
2
2 m/s 12 m/s
1

0 1 2 3 4
(s)

t=4 8 m/s
0 3 15 m 0 2 2m
t=0 t=5 2 4 3 m/s¤
5 m/s 0 4 1.5 m/s

15
 01 t=0 A
A B C 0.2 m
0.1 m

2 2

A B C
0.2Ím 0.1Ím

A B B C 2

B C
A B 0.1 m/s
A C

02

Q
37˘ 130˘
40˘ 74˘
57˘ 0˘

P Q

16
 [Link]

03 GPS

GPS GPS B

GPS C
20,000 km GPS A
0.067

GPS
GPS 1

04 A B =
A 0 4
8m B
14
(m)
0 3 6m
12
0m
10
A
8
6
4 B
2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
(s)

A B

0 3 B 6m
0 8 A 6m
6 B A 2

17
B
B
A
05 2 m/s A t=0 A
B t=0
sA=20+2t sB=2t¤
20 m B 4 m/s¤

A
2Ím/s
B

20Ím

A B 1
t=1 A B 20 m
t=4 B A 4m

06 A B

(m/s) 4 A

3
2
1
0 1 2 3 4 (s)
B A _1
_2 B

0 4 A B

B A
A B 2
4 A B 6 m/s

18
 [Link]

07
v=vº+at
(m/s)
4 s=vºt+;2!;at¤
2as=v¤ -vº¤
2

0 2 8
(m)

1 m/s¤
2 m/s 4 m/s 4

08 1 s=;2!;at¤ 0 1
0 1 x 1 2 6m 2 3 x
10 m 50 m 0 2
x+6 m

x
50Ím 6Ím

10Ím

4 m/s¤
x 1m
20 m/s

19
 02

N
1N 1 kg 1 m/s¤ 1 N=1 kg¥m/s¤
3

F1
F2 F1
1.
F2 F1Í+ÍF2 F1Í_ÍF2

0
2.

3.

2ÍN
1
3ÍN

4.

3ÍN 2ÍN

0
1 0
5N 1
1N

20
 [Link]
02

3F
3v 3a
2 3 2F
2v 2a

v F a
2 3
0 t 0 F 2F 3F
a
1.
F a•F m=
4 kg
m 2N
v a
2 3 m/s¤
v a
_ _
2 2Ím 2
3Ím
v a 2N
_ _ 4 kg
3 3
;2!; ;3!; 0 t 0 m 2Ím 3Ím

a
2 3 A B
1
m a• F=
m
2
F A
2 a= , F=ma (m/s)
m 2
B
1

0 1 2 (s)
2
2. A B
A
0.5 kg 1N B

2N 3N
0.5 kg 1 1 3. A B
A
B

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

(m/s2)6 (m/s2) 2
4
1
2
2
_
0 1 2 3 30 0.5 1 1.5 0.5
(N) (kg)
2

;2!;

21
 02
3

A B
A B FAB B A FBA
A B FAB FBA
FAB B A
FBA 3 3
FAB=-FBA

1 2
A B B A

1. 0

2.

F=ma

3 4
A 10 N

B
A
10ÍN 3Íkg
2Íkg

3. B
m/s¤ A B B mB
F mB
mA

4. A A B
F
mA A A mA mB B
mA mB mA˝ mA˝
N
mB˝

A B

F mA˝ mA˝ mB˝

mA+mB mA+mB mA+mB

F mAg mB-mA g
2 a= a= a=
mA+mB mA+mB mA+mB
4

22
 [Link]
02

A B C p q v
A C m 3m

v p
g v
p p=mv
m A C 3m I
p A q A I=FDt
q
q B 2mg
B
q B B

1. 2 kg 10 m/s

kg¥ m/s
p A 3mg q A 2mg
B B 0 A B C
B 2m q B B
2 3
2mg
1 kg 5 m/s
q B B 3 m/s

1 kg
3m/s 5m/s

p m v 2.
p=mv kg m/s kg¥m/s
I F Dt
3.
I=FDt N s
N¥s

Ft = F

O t O ¿Ít Ít

Dt

v-vº v-vº
F=ma a= F=m{ } FDt=mv-mvº
Dt Dt 20
I=Dp 8
8

23
 02

I Dp
I=FDt F= =
Dt Dt
I•Dt F=
W
W=Fscosh
follow through
1
F• I=
Dt
1.

2.
20 N

2m
J

3.

J
F
F F
s
W=Fs N¥m=J
s
h
F Fx Fy
Fy 0
Fy 0 F F
Fy Fy
F Fx © ©
Fx Fx
W=Fx s s
Fx =Fcosh F
W=Fscosh h F s

F F

Fs Fs=Í ÍÍ

s s
Ds O O
¿s

40
0
s

24
 [Link]
02

0
0 s=0

K=;2!;mv¤

F h=90˘
W=DK
U=mgh

1.

K J
m v p=mv Kinetic energy 2 4
K 20 N F
p¤ 3m
K=;2!;mv¤ = J
2m

ßv0 ßv
F F 3Ím
W=Fs=mas=;2!;m v¤ -vº¤ =DK m
F
s
20 N

W>0
2. 3 m
W<0 F J
0 W=0
3. 3 m
U
J

Potential energy
4. 3 m
U=0
J

h F=m˝

F W=Fs=mgh m
h
U=mgh J h

60
60
0
-

25
 02

E=K+U=
0 DK+DU=0
DK=-DU

1.
A B m v=0

A
v1 m˝h1
W=Fs=mg h¡-h™ 1
_mv12
2 3 = h0 2
B h1 m˝h2 1
5m 3 kg _mv22
DK=;2!;mv™¤ -;2!;mv¡¤ =mg h¡-h™ v2 2
h2
10 m/s¤ mgh¡+;2!;mv¡¤ =mgh™+;2!;mv™¤
A B
3 kg

5Ím

a 1 kg a
a c 40 J b d 50 J
2. 5 m b
J c b 2
40 J

10 m/s¤ 50ÍJ
3. c
m/s a b 1.5 m
1 kg d
c d 18 J
d 2'ß30 m/s

mgh a c 4m b d 5m
c b 2 c b 4 c 40 J
b 10 J
a b 10 J 10 J a b
1m
c 40 J d 60 J 20 J
150
d 60 J v=2'ß30 m/s
10

26
 [Link]

01 03 B C A m m B

A B

2m C
A B C
m m 2m

A C
C mg

C A B

04 A B
A
B

B
A
02
A B C F
F 3F A B C
m 2m m
A B
A B C
F F 3F
m 2m m

A B C
sA sB sC sA sB sC

1 1 3 1 2 3 2 1 3
2 1 6 2 3 6

27
05 07 A B p q

h h 2 m/s¤
h A B 150 kg 300 kg

p q
A B 2ßm/s2

A 150 N
q p A

5 B
3,000 kg¥m/s

06 08

28
 [Link]

09 v 11 10 m A
2v B 2F F
m A B 2
A B 3 kg 1 kg
v m
A
2F B
3Íkg F
1Íkg
2v
10ßm

A B

B A 3
A 12 kg¥m/s

B F 24 J
3mv

12
10

29
13 a 15 m P
e 3v Q v
P Q h
v

Q
a b c d e
3v h
m
b d Kb Kd
P
Kb Kd

'2 1 2 1 3 1 g
2'3 1 4 1

0
P Q
4v¤
h=
g

14
16 A
C
A B 3h B C
h

A
0 t1 t2
3h
C
h

t¡ t™

A B
t¡

t¡ t™ B C Æ;2#;

B C
0

30
 [Link]

01 A B 20ÍN
20 N A 2Íkg
20ÍN
B 1Íkg
20 N
A B 2 kg 1 kg
10 m/s¤

B 10 m/s¤
2m A 40 J
A B 2

02 A B C

A
B
C

A C 2
A B C
C B

31
 03 A F
A B A F
A

( )
3v0

( )
A F B F v0
A
0 t0

A
B A 2

0 tº A B ;3!;Fvºtº

04 A F
F A B 2 kg
1 kg
p¤
K=
2m F
(N)
6

A
B
F
2 kg 1 kg
0 2 4 (s)

1 A B 1N
2 B 2 kg¥m/s
4 A B 24 J

32
 [Link]

05 2pº A B C
A

A B
2p0

p0 ( )

0 t0 2t0
A C -Íp0 ( )

A
A C B 3
C B

06 Wº

Sº

W
(N)

W0
S0

0 t1 t2 (s)

t¡ W-Wº
0 t™ Sº

33
 07 A B
A B A B

(m/s)

10

A B B
A

0 0.1 0.2
(s)

A B
A B
A B 2

08 4 kg 1 kg A B A
F A F A

A F
F 4Íkg (N)
20

1Íkg B 0 5 10 (m)

A 10 m B 10 m/s¤

10 J 30 J 50 J
120 J 150 J

34
 [Link]

09 A B A A
A ;3!;g

1
a=_˝
3
B

B
A B 2
A B 6

10 O A t B O A B

A P 3v B Q v
A B m

B O
v
A Q

3v
P

B P A B
UA UB UB-UA

3mv¤ 5mv¤ 8mv¤

12mv¤ 15mv¤

35
 11 50 kg
U

U
(J)
5,000

2,000
50Íkg
0 10
(s)

0 10
10m/s¤

3,000 J
6m

12 A B A A
A B A

A B
B A

A
A B
A B

36
 [Link]

13 2 kg P 3Ím/s

v R
v
2Íkg
R
P
3 m/s 2ßm

P Q Q

2m P Q Q R

;2!;

10 m/s¤

v=7 m/s
P R -40 J
Q '∂89 kg¥m/s

14 2 kg 3 kg A B A p A

p A
A
p A B

a=

(J)
80
2Íkg A

p 40
B 3Íkg

0 2 4
(m)

10 m/s¤

p A 40 N
B 2 m/s¤
p 4m A 64 J

37
 03

1
1

2
a
a b
b

S1 S2
S1 S2

1.
3
T a T¤ •a‹

2.

m M r F
3. 2

m F F M
mM
F=G
r¤ r
-11
G G=6.67_10 N¥m¤ /kg¤
m

v F
r

mv¤
F= m v r
r

m r T
mv¤ 4p¤ mr 2pr
;4!; F= = { v= }
r T¤ T

38
 [Link]
03

3
m M r
mM mv¤
F=G =
r¤ r
mM 4p¤ mr 4p¤ 4p¤ 3
G = T¤ = r‹ T¤ =kr‹ {k= }
r¤ T¤ GM GM
G mM = 4p¤ mr
r¤ T¤
T¤ = 4p¤ r‹
GM

1.
A B
A B
m 2m
A B m 2m
2.
A B P 2
A B

A B
A B P 3.
A B

A B
P A B B A 2 B A 2 A
B
A B

1887

2'2

39
 03

F=ma F=ma

F=ma

1. 0.5c

v c v c v c væ

2.
c

c c

40
 [Link]
03

ct ct
_ _
v 2 2 v
L L L

vt

2L
tº=
c
2L 1.
c
t
vt
ct 2.
ct vt vt ctº tº
=æ≠{ }≠ 2 +L¤ =æ{≠ ≠}2 +{ }2 t=
2 2 2 2 v 10
æ≠1-≠{ }2
c
t tº 10

3. 30 cm
v

v 30 cm

L0

Lº
v
Lº
t=
v
L
v
L
tº= t>tº L<Lº
v
L Lº

41
 03

tº t tº<t

Lº L Lº>L

1. mº
m
tº
m= mº
tº v
æ≠1-≠{ }2
c
m E E=mc¤
2.
mº
Lº
E E=mºc¤
Lº

3.

0.9c
0.9c

0.9c

42
 [Link]
03

g
˝
˝

g 1. F=ma
m
g

2.

F=ma m 3.
m¡m™
F=G m¡ m™
r¤
g
F=mgg mg 2 F=mia mi
mg
a= g g
mi
mg mi

100 531''
100 574''
43''

43
 03

1.

2.
1.75Æ
1.75''

3.

GPS
GPS 3

4 km/s

7.1 ls

45.7 ls
38.6 ls

44
 [Link]
03

v=Hºr

1.

2.

3. v=Hºr

137

38

4
(Big bang) 137

r
v
v=Hºr Hº=70.8—1.6 km/s/Mpc 1 pc=3.26

1
r 1 Hº
=
v Hº

45
 03
137

1. 38

2. 38 3,000 K

3.
2.7 K

1960 2.7 K

COBE WMAP Planck

2 mm 2.7 K

10 1

46
 [Link]
03

W Z

1.

2.
graviton 0

photon
3.
0
W Z 80 90
GeV/c¤
gluon 0

19

1930

1950~1960 100
60

10_10 m 10_15~10_14 m 10_15 m 10_15 m

47
 03

Quark 6 up down charm

strange top bottom

+;3@;e -;3!;e 3

2 1 1 2
6 6

Lepton

1. W Z
1 2 3

+;3@;e u c t
2.
-;3!;e d s b

-e e l s

0 me ml ms
3.

b W

2 1

;3@; ;3!;

48
 [Link]

03 T

01
v

r v r m

M
M m

mv¤
{ } v=
r

2pr
v=
T
2pr
= r=
T

02
A C 3
GM GM GM GM
æ≠ æ≠ T¤ æ≠ æ≠ T¤
r 4p¤ r 4p¤
T 3
Gm GM Gm GM
æ≠ æ≠ T¤ æ≠ æ≠ T¤
r 4p¤ r p¤
D
3
GM GM
æ≠ æ≠ T¤
r¤ 4p¤

04
A C
R
A
B 3R
B A
90˘ p q
T
A C A p B

R
T
B D
2
q
3R
B D
B

3'3T 3'6T 8T 9T 12'3T

49
05 07 0.7c
0.5c

A B C D
L A B C D

0.5c

C
0.7c
A B

D
L

c
L

A B

A B C D

A B C D

06
P Q

0.6c 0.6c
P P Q

08
Q 0.9c
Q P

P
Q 1
t t t t t t
c P Q

t =t =t t =t <t
t =t >t t >t >t
t <t <t

50
 [Link]

09 P a 11
b

a b
a b

(Big bang) 137

P b

12
10 Q
P

P
Q

P Q

P Q P Q

Q P

51
13 WMAP 15 A
B C

B
A
C

B C
A B

A C

14
16 A B C

A
B 6
3 3
C

A
B A

B C

52
 [Link]

01 P A B C
A B C

A B
P A C
B C

02 b a
2

12S 2S

T
a b 2S c d
S S
c
d

c a
a b c d 2

T
a b
4

53
 03 A B A B

2pr
r 4r m 4m
v=
T
B
4Ím

4r
A
r m

A B A B

A B 2
A B 4
A B

04 P
0.99c Lº Q

L0
0.99c

P Q

P Q Lº

54
 [Link]

05 v A B
P Q A P' Q' B
A B

v B
Pæ Qæ
A v
P Q

P P' E¡ Q Q' E™

E¡ E™
B E¡ E™
B A

06 0.8c +x

P Q P Q

0.8c

Q
y

P x

P Q
P Q

55
 07
v
0
L¡ L™

L¡ L™

L™
v

08
10 m/s
10Ím/s 10Ím/s2
10 m/s¤

10 m/s¤

56
 [Link]

09
A

10Ím/s2
A B
10 m/s¤
B

10 m/s¤

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V¤
V I P=VI=I¤ R=
R

DC Direct Current AC Alternating Current

DC
+ +

0
0
_ _
AC
6
20

159
 08

10~20 kV 66 kV, 154 kV, 345 kV 66 kV, 154 kV 6.6 kV, 11.4 kV, 22.9 kV

220 V

1 2

1.
P=I¤ R

1
n n
1
2. n¤

19
3.
10
1833

40 km
A B
B
1 2

1 2

P=VI
P=I¤ R

1 2 { N¡ = V¡ }
N™ V™
;1¡0; ;10!0; 1 2

160
 [Link]
08

1 2
1
1 I1 I2
1
V1 N1 N2 V2
2 2 1
V¡ I¡
1 2
N¡ 2 V™
DU DU I™ N™
1 V¡=-N¡ 2 V™=-N™
Dt Dt
V¡ V™ V¡
=
N¡
=
I™
P¡=P™
= V¡:V™=N¡:N™ V™ N™ I¡
N¡ N™
1 P¡=V¡I¡ 2 P™=V™I™
P¡=P™ V¡I¡=V™I™ V¡:V™=I™:I¡ 1.
V¡ N¡ I™
= = P¡=P™
V™ N™ I¡

2. 1 2
2 1
1 220 V
2
V

3.
1 2
1911
1 4
4.2 K -269 æ
1 2
0
1987 77 K
97 K
0

10—⁄ fi m e
n p u
p n n d u
p

u
d d
+1.6_10-19 C 1.6726_10-27 kg 110
0 1.6749_10-27 kg 4 1

161
 08

A
A
Z

A= Z+ N
Z X
⁄¡H ¤¡H 3 ‹¡H

1. A B C D
w+x=y+z
å∑A+∫xB 1⁄ çyC+∂zD+
a+b=c+d
2. ¤ ª‹ ™fi U
1 eV 1V
-19
1 eV=1.6_10 J
Dm
3.

E=Dmc¤ c=3_10° m/s

™› He X
Y

1 M¡
2 X 1⁄ ™› He 1 2 M™
X +‹¡H 1⁄ ™› He+ Y 3 M£
3 M¢
2
4 M∞

™› He 4
2M™-M∞
Y

™› He 4 2 4-2=2
X ¡¤ H 2M™ M∞ 2M™-M∞
92 143
Y 1 0

162
 [Link]
08

2
¤ ª‹ ™fi U
¤ ‹ªfi™U 1
92
Kr 1
0 n
0n 36

ڼn
1
n
·£¤§Kr ⁄ ∞› §⁄ Ba 235
0
2
92 U
3 141
Ba
56
1
0 n

¤ ª‹ ™fi U+⁄º n 1⁄ ⁄ ∞› §⁄ Ba+·£¤§ Kr+3⁄º n+200 MeV

0.85 MeV

1.
3
¡¤ H 3 ¡‹ H 2
1H 4
He
2

™› He º⁄ n

3
1 H
¤¡ H+‹¡ H 1⁄ ›™ He+⁄º n+17.6 MeV
3.52 MeV 1
0 n

92
4 36 Kr
2 He

1
n
0
235
U
92
2
1 H

3
1 H 141
17.6ÍMeV 56 Ba 200ÍMeV

¤ ª‹ ™fi U 92

¤ ª‹ ™fi U 92 235
0 1
E=mc¤

163
 08

a b c

a +2e
(›™He)
b (–‚¡e) -e
1. a b c
c 0

Bq 1 1
2.
+ C/kg 1 kg 1C c X
Gy J/kg 1 kg 1J

Sv J/kg
_
3. Sv J/kg _

3 ¡‹ H
b PET

( Í:ÍmSv)

6,000

1,000
10
50

82 % 15
X
18 % 10
(1 ) 2.5
0.35 0.4 1.3
5
1 1

2.4 0.5
0.35
0.1 1
1
(1 ) 0.05
0.026 X
a 0.01 0.2~0.5

164
 [Link]
08

DNA
1 2.4 mSv

¤ ª‹ ™fi U
2 3

¤ ª‹ ™° U 99.3 %
¤ ª‹ ™fi U 0.7 %
¤ ª‹ ™° U
2 5%
¤ ª‹ ™fi U

H™O
D™O 1.

2.

H™O
3.

4.

D™O

72

¤ ª‹ ¢· Pu ¤ ª‹ ™° U ¤ ª‹ ™° U

Na

165
 08

p
p n n

n
_ _ _ _
p_n ++++
p

(_)

1. _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _
_ _ _ _
++++
++++ ++++

(+)

2. p
n
1.1 eV
p n
3. n p n
p
n - p +

-
+
-
(_) (+)

2e_ ( )
H2
+ 2e_ 2e_
+ +
2H+ 2H+ 2H+
- H™ 1⁄ 2H±+2e— 1+
_ O2
2
+ H2O
+ -
- + 2H±+2e—+;2!;O™ 1⁄ H™O+

166
 [Link]
08

80 %

1.

2.

167
 03 p q

01
p
a b a b
S N S N

p
a p
v
v
q 2v

p q

a
a

b a

02

04

168
 [Link]

05 07

¤ ª‹ ™fi U+⁄ºn 1⁄ ⁄ ∞› §⁄ Ba+·£§¤ Kr+3⁄ºn+

A B C

;2!;

10
A
B ;2!;

10
C

;2!; ;5!; ;2!; ;1¡0;

;2!; ;10!0; ;4!; ;1¡0;

;4!; ;10!0;

06 1 2
08 Pº A B
B P¡

A B

1 2 P0 P1

Pº>P¡
A 2
P¡

169
09 A B C D 11

å∑A+∫xB 1⁄ çyC+∂zD+ H™O

D™O

w+x=y+z
¤ ª‹ ™° U
a+b=c+d

10
(
+
_

12 A B C

¤¡‹¡Na+⁄ºn 1⁄ ¤¡›¡Na+ A
¤¡›¡Na 1⁄ ¤¡›™Mg+ B
¤ •¤ •fl Ra 1⁄ ¤ •¤ §¤ Rn+ C

A
B
C 2

170
 [Link]

13 15 ¤¡H ¡‹ H ™› He

p q
4
2 He

2
1H
A
3
H
1 17.6ßMeV

ڼn

A n b
q

14
16
(H2) H2

2H+ H2 2e_

2H+
1
H2O 2H+Í+Í_O2Í+Í2e_
2
H2O 1
_O2 (O2)
2

O™ + H™
-

171
 01
a b
a b
a b

b a

02 R
tº

b
a

c
N S
d

tº a b c d
R
R

172
 [Link]

03

04

173
 05 Pº A r B
A B
V¡ N¡ I™
= =
V™ N™ I¡

A r B

1 2 1 2

A B (N1) (N2) (N3) (N4)

N™ N¢
>
N¡ N£
Pº
N™

06
V¤
P=VI=I¤ R=
R

110 V 220 V 110 V

2 1 2
550 W

174
 [Link]

07 ¤ ª‹ ™fi U ¡¤ H 3 ¡‹ H

¤ ª‹ ™fi U+⁄ºn 1⁄ ⁄ ∞› §⁄ Ba+·£§¤ Kr+3 X +200 MeV

¤¡H+‹¡H 1⁄ Y + X +17.6 MeV

X
Y 2

08
H™O

175
a
c
b
09

+ A

+ B

A
B a
A B

p
3
10 p n

n
5

a
n
p-n
p b

176
 [Link]

11 -
H™1⁄2H±+2e—
+
A
2H±+2e—+;2!;O™1⁄H™O+
B

C
C
A
B

A - B +
C H™O

12

Q&A

177
 09

w F F

w F w

1. F

F
F
s †

2. r r r
F
s=rF = _

3.

N¥m
F F

sF w sw
a b
w

F_b=w_a

O FA
O A B A
FB
FA FB FB
B
FA

178
 [Link]
09

w_a=F_b
b
w_h=F_s s

F
h
w a
w
0
w
F

1.

F
w

a b 2.
F
w

3.
F_a=w_b 0

0
0

0 0 0

179
 09
0

L
L L L _
2
6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6

m m m
2m

+m˝L _m˝L +m˝L

_m˝L

1.

2.

3.

C
0 A A
A B
B
C AB D
CD

180
 [Link]
09

A B

A 1.

2.

15 kg 6Ím

15 kg
0.5Ím/s 1Ím/s
0.5 m/s 1 m/s

10 m/s¤

2
100 N

150 N

2 1m 5m 0 1Ím 3Ím 5Ím

F1 F2
-F¡-F™+150 N=0 -1 m_F¡- 150 N
5 m_F™+3 m_150 N=0 F¡=F™=75 N
4.5Ím 3Ím 0

-2 m_F¡+2 m_F™=0 F¡=F™ F1 F2

150 N
3
1.5 m -F¡-F™+
150 N=0 -4.5 m_F¡+3 m_150 N=0
F¡=100 N

181
 09

1. 4 æ 1

1 m‹
F
N P P= A
A
9.8 m/s¤
Pa 1 Pa=1 N/m¤ (1 kPa=1,000 Pa, 1 hPa=100 Pa)
2.

3. q
V 1 =1 atm=760 mmHg=1,013 hPa= 1,000 km
F=
g
10 m 1
q

1
1 1.013_10fi N/m¤ 1_10‹ kg/m‹ 10 m

1 10 m
2

4æ 1 0æ 1

9,800

qVg
F=qVg q V g

182
 [Link]
09

1. U

2 1

2.

F1 F2

P¡=P™ 3.
A1 A2
P1 P2

F¡ F™ A™
= F™= F¡
A¡ A™ A¡

2 1

183
 09

A2
v2
¿x2
V
A¡v¡=A™v™ A1
v1
¿x1
1. A v
m

P¡+qgh¡+;2!;qv¡¤ =P™+qgh™+;2!;qv™¤ =

(h) 2
V, m
v2
P2

1 A2 x =v t
2 2
V, m v1 h2
P1
A1 x =v t h1
1 1

O (x)

P¡+;2!;qv¡¤ =P™+;2!;qv™¤ v¡>v™

P¡<P™

184
 [Link]
09

1.

2.

2 cm

185
 03
01
w r F
F F
a 2a

F
F
a 2a
w

F
w F=1 2 rF
w r F
2
F
F

02 A P
B

AB BC C 04
A B B C
1 2 P
Q A C
Q

B A

A C C
B
B C A

C P
B C
2

186
 [Link]

05 a 2a
07
a 2a
P
w O

w
F
P

F=2w

2
O

0
P

06 A
B
P
A B a b A B

A
B

a b

08 4l w
F

a b=2 3 F

A
B w
0 l 2l 3l 4l
A
B F

w w
;5#;w ;5$;w w
3 2

187
09 A B C 11 A B C

A B ;2!;

A B
A B C
C

A B C PA PB PC
A B C FA FB FC

PA>PB>PC PA=PB>PC
PA=PB<PC PA<PB<PC FA>FB>FC FA=FB>FC
PA=PB=PC FA=FB<FC FA<FB<FC
FA=FB=FC

12
1 2

F 1
2 1 1
10 V
V
S
2 A B C
S
B
S A
F
V

A
B
1

A mL B mL q 2
C

V= B-A mL
F
qVg
A

V
q g A B C
S

188
 [Link]

13 V 15 B
A C
S ;2!;
D

v
A C
1
_S
2
v

V S A B
B D

B D
D B

S
V

;2!;S

v=2V
16
A
B

P
Q
A B

14 q

v 2v
3q h

A
v ® 2v
B
h A P
3® A

h g

v¤ 3v¤ v¤ 2v¤ 4v¤

4g 4g g g g

189
_
=
01
20 kg
40 kg

(40Íkg)
(20Íkg)

10 m/s¤

200 N

02 100ÍN 0.5Ím

O
100 N
w
w 1m 0.5 m 1Ím

w 200 N
O 100 N¥m
O

190
 [Link]

03 w x
3l l 4l A B
0
FA FB

FA FB

A B
w

0 l 2l 3l 4l 5l x

FA FB

FA FB FA FB

;4!;w ;4#;w ;3!;w ;3@;w

;2!;w ;2!;w ;3@;w ;3!;w

w w

04 O
r_mg=
r R m F R
r R_F
O
O F¡ F™ F£
F F

F2 F3
R
r R r r R
O O O
m m m
F1

191
 05 w O P 3w
w P E

A B C D E
P
O

3w w
w

A B C D E

_
=
06 O l 2F
O l
F

l
l F l

O O
O
O

2F F

2F 2Fl
F 0
F

192
 [Link]

07 8m 2 kg 1 kg
1 m/s 2m
A B
0
1Ím/s
1Íkg 2Íkg

2m A 4m B 2m

A B FA FB
10 m/s¤

2m FA 20 N
A 2 FB 15 N
FA FB

08

193
 100 N w
09 S¡ S™ S¡
= 0.01 m¤ S™ 0.05 m¤ S¡ 100 N S™ w
0.01 m¤ 0.05 m¤

100ßN

w
0.01Ím2 0.05Ím2
S1 S2

S¡ S™

S¡ 1,000 N/m¤
S™ S¡
w 500 N

10 vA A vB B
PB
U PA

A
vA PA
B
vB PB

vA vB
PA PB

194
 [Link]

11
3g

3g

10 m/s¤

0.03 N

12
A

A B
A B
A

195
 10

t 1 0æ 100 æ
100 1æ
T -273 æ 0K

T K =t æ +273

1.

2.

3.
O

¿V A

W=FDl=PADl=PDV ¿l

P V T

T1 ¯ T2
P2 (P2, V1, T2)

P1 T2
T1

0 V1 V2

196
 [Link]
10

0 A B A C B
C
1

= +
Q=DU+W

2 1.

2.

3.

Q=DU+PDV

(V2_V1) T1 ¯ T2

P
P
P T2
Q
W
=P(V2_V1) T1
W=P(V2_V1)
0 V1 V2

Q=DU

T1 ¯ T2

P2
T2
V1=V2 W=0
Q P1
T1

0 V

197
 10

PDV=-DU>0, DU<0

1. PDV=-DU<0, DU>0

2.

198
 [Link]
10

T1

Q1

W W=Q1_Q2

1 kg 1K
Q2
e
T2

T¡ Q¡ T™ Q™ 1.
W=Q¡-Q™
W Q¡-Q™ 2.
e= =
Q¡ Q¡
e 1
2 3. 1 kg 1K

4.

c 1 kg 1K
1 kcal/kg¥K
Q Q=cmDT
C 1K C=cm

199
 10

1.
(˛)
100
2.

0
80 100 539
3. ( 1kg ) (kcal)

80 kcal/kg 539 kcal/kg

200
 [Link]
10

N S N S N S

VTR TV CD DVD

1.

2.

3.

LED
p-n
I
p
n

(+) (_)

201
 10

= _

1.

2.
= _
Wh 1 Wh=1 W_1 h=3,600 J

3.

Wh

202
 [Link]

01 03

04
Q
A B
P

02
A B

A B P P
A B C A 2P Q

P C

A B
0 V 2V

A B
B C
Q
C A

203
05 Q¡
Q1
07
W Q™

Q2

Q¡=Q™+W
Q™
Q¡
100 %

06

B J/s¥m¥æ
( )
238
25 æ) 79.5
(
A
) 0.84
0.08
08
C
LED
( ) 0.023
20 æ)

204
 [Link]

01 20 æ 60 æ

(˛) 60

25

20˛, 100g 20

60˛, 100g 0

25 æ

02
Q
Q
DU
Q

1 Q=DU

205
 03

1 kg

04

206
 [Link]

05 1 A B
1K
1 kg

A B

(˛)100
T2
A
B
0
T1

B
T¡ T™ A
A B

06

207
 LED
n
07 LED A B
a b
p

a A +

b B _

a b
a b a

08
180˘ a

a a
N S N S

208