1
KARNATAKA SCHOOL EXAMINATION AND ASSESSMENT BOARD
II PUC EXAM-1, MARCH 2025
SUBJECT: 36-BIOLOGY SCHEME OF EVALUATION MAX. MARKS: 70
Q. PART-A
NO. I. Select the correct alternative from the choices given below: (15*1=15) MARKS
1 “Pollen grains are well preserved as fossils because of the presence of sporopollenin” as
Statement I: Sporopollenin is the most resistant organic material known. 1
Statement II: No enzyme that degrades sporopollenin is so far known.
Ans: a) Both the Statements I and II are correct
2 The process of transformation of spermatids into sperms is called
1
Ans: b) Spermiogenesis
3 Which one among the following is essential for the maintenance of endometrium and for the
implantation of fertilized ovum? 1
Ans: b) Progesteron
4 Select the one among the given that is a probable reason for explosive growth of population in
India- 1
Ans: c) Increase in the number of people in reproducible age.
5 Which one among the following is a contraceptive method that involves no medicine or device?
1
Ans: d) Coitus interruptus
6 Which one among the following ART can be used to rectify if the infertility is due to low sperm
count? 1
Ans: d) IUI
7 Which one among the given is a symbol used in human pedigree analysis for consanguineous
mating? 1
Ans: b)
8
Which one among these represents the flow of genetic information? 1
Ans: c) DNA →mRNA →Protein
9
If the change in gene frequency occurs by chance, it is called
1
Ans: d) Genetic drift
10 Which is the test that can be suggested among the given for a patient with symptoms such as-
sustained high fever (39° 𝐶 − 40 °𝐶 ), weakness, stomach pain, constipation, headache and loss of 1
appetite?
Ans: a) Widal test
IIPUC EXAM -1, MARCH 2025 KSEAB 36 - BIOLOGY MODEL ANSWERS
2
11 Which among the following is an enzyme modified by genetic engineering and used as “Clot
buster”? 1
d) Streptokinase
12 In which method the plant cells are bombarded with high velocity microparticles of gold coated
with DNA? 1
Ans: b) Biolistics
13 The use of bioresources by multinational companies and other organizations without proper
authorization and compensatory payment is called as 1
Ans: c) Biopiracy
14 In which of the processes given, the humus is degraded by some microbes and release of
inorganic nutrients occur? 1
Ans: Mineralisation
15
Which one among these is an example for Ex-situ conservation?
1
Ans: a) Cryopreservation
II Fill in the blanks by choosing appropriate word/words from those given below: (5*1=5)
16
Few flowering plants have evolved a special mechanism to produce seeds without fertilisation
1
called Apomixis
17
Single step large mutation is known as Saltation 1
18
Oxytocin acts on uterine muscle and cause stronger contractions during parturition. 1
19 Members of genus Glomus form mycorrhiza and absorb phosphorus from soil and supply it to the
plant. 1
20
The step in which bands of DNA are cutout and extracted from gel piece is termed as Elution. 1
III PART-B
Answer any five of the following questions in 3 to 5 sentences wherever applicable:
(5*2=10)
21 Draw a neat labelled diagram of dicot embryo
2
Ans:
Any 4 correct labelling (half-marks each)
IIPUC EXAM -1, MARCH 2025 KSEAB 36 - BIOLOGY MODEL ANSWERS
3
22 Differentiate between Linkage and Recombination 1
1
Ans: Linkage is a physical association of genes on a chromosome.
Recombination is the generation of non-parental gene combination.
23 “AUG has dual function”. Justify the statement. 1
1
Ans: AUG codes for Methionine (met) and also acts as initiator codon.
24 Analyse the table given in relation to the human evolution and write the scientific name for A and 1
B respectively 1
Ans: A- Homo habilis
B- Homo erectus
25 Which drug is very useful in patients who have undergone surgery? And why? 1
1
Ans: Morphine
Because Morphine is a very effective sedative and pain killer
26 From which part of “Virus infected plant” healthy plants can be recovered? Name the technique 1
involved. 1
Ans: Meristem
Tissue-culture/Meristem culture
27 “Tropical regions have greater biological diversity”. Give two hypothesis proposed by ecologists
in favour of the above given statement.
Ans: a) Tropical latitudes have remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years and thus 1
had a long evolutionary time for species diversification
b) Tropical environment is less seasonal, relatively more constant and predictable. Such
constant environment promotes niche specialisation and lead to a greater species diversity
1
c) More solar energy is available in the tropics which contributes higher productivity which
in turn indirectly leads to greater diversity
Any two points (even stated briefly)- one mark each 1
IV PART-C
Answer any five of the following questions in about 40-80 words each wherever applicable.
(5*3=15)
28 List the features required for the flowers pollinated by wind. 1
Ans: 1
• The pollen grains are light and non-sticky such that they can be transported in wind
currents; 1
• They often possess well exposed stamens;
• They possess large often-feathery stigma to easily trap air-borne pollen grains;
• Numerous flowers are packed into inflorescence.
Any three points- one mark each
IIPUC EXAM -1, MARCH 2025 KSEAB 36 - BIOLOGY MODEL ANSWERS
4
29 Name the human male accessory glands
1
Ans:
• Paired seminal vesicles
• A prostate 1
• Paired bulbourethral glands 1
30 How do IUDs function in bringing about contraception effectively? 1
Ans: 1
• IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus
• The Cu ions released suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms 1
• The hormone releasing IUDs make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and cervix
hostile to the sperms
31 a) Mention any two examples for evolution by anthropogenic action. 1
Ans:
• Excessive use of herbicides, pesticides, etc. has resulted in selection of resistant varieties; 1
• Anti-biotic or drug resistance developed by microbes employed against eukaryotic
organisms
b) State Hardy-Weinberg principle.
Ans: Allele frequencies in a population are stable and is constant from generation to generation or
the gene pool (total genes and their alleles in a population) remains constant 1
32 What is a carcinogen? Give an example for each for physical and biological carcinogens.
Ans: Agents which cause transformation of normal cells into cancerous neoplastic cells are called 1
carcinogens or cancer causing agents.
• Physical carcinogens- UV radiations, X-rays, Gamma rays (one mark for any of the 1
examples) 1
• Biological carcinogens- oncogenic viruses (viral oncogenes), cellular oncogenes (c-onc)
or proto oncogenes (one mark for any of the examples)
33 List the three uses of genetically modified plants.
Ans: 1
• Such crops are more tolerant to abiotic stress (cold, drought, salt, heat);
• Ensures reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops); 1
• Helps reduce post-harvest losses
• Helps increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants 1
• Ensures enhanced nutritional value of food (E.g. Vitamin A enriched rice)
One mark for any of the three stated above
34 In an ecosystem the number of primary producers is 4 and primary consumers are 21. Construct
an ecological pyramid for this ecosystem. 3
Ans:
PC 21
PP 4
IIPUC EXAM -1, MARCH 2025 KSEAB 36 - BIOLOGY MODEL ANSWERS
5
PART-D
V. Answer any four of the following questions in about 200-250 words each wherever
applicable. (4*5=20)
35 Draw a neat labelled diagrammatic sectional view of mammary gland.
5
Ans:
10 correct labelling (half-mark each)
36 a) How phenylketonuria is an example for Pleiotropy?
2
Ans: In pleiotropy, a single gene can exhibit multiple phenotypic expressions. In phenylketonuria,
mutation of a single gene manifests multiple phenotypic expressions such as mental retardation,
reduction in hair and skin pigmentation. 3
b) Schematically represent the sex determination in honey bee
Ans:
37 Explain incomplete dominance with an example.
Ans: Incomplete dominance is a condition that sometimes the F1 shows a phenotype that does not
resemble either of the two parents and was in between the two.
1
E.g. Inheritance of flower color in the dog flower (snapdragon or Antirrhinum sp.)
In a cross between true breeding red-flowered (RR) and true breeding red flowered (rr), the F1 1
(Rr) was pink. When the F1 was self-pollinated, the F2 resulted in the following ratio 1 (RR) Red:
2 (Rr) Pink: 1 (rr) White.
In the F2 generation, the phenotypic ratio changed from the 3:1 dominant: recessive ratio. Here, 3
factor R was not completely dominant over factor r and this made it possible to distinguish Rr as
pink from RR (red) and rr (white).
IIPUC EXAM -1, MARCH 2025 KSEAB 36 - BIOLOGY MODEL ANSWERS
6
Or
Schematic representation of phenotypic and genetic ratios (two marks)
38 Write any five salient features of human genome.
5
Ans:
• Human genome contains 3164.7 million nucleotide bases
• Average gene consists of 3000 bases, but sizes vary greatly. Largest known human gene
being dystrophin at 2.4 million bases
• The total number of genes is estimated at 30,000- much lower than previous estimates of
80,000 to 1,40,000 genes
• Almost all (99.9 per cent) nucleotide bases are exactly the same in all people
• The functions are unknown for over 50 per cent of the discovered genes
• Less than two per cent of the genome codes for proteins
• Repeated sequences makeup very large portion of the human genome
• Repetitive sequences are stretches of DNA sequences that are repeated many times. They
are thought to have no direct coding functions but they shed light on chromosomes structure,
dynamics and evolution
• Chromosome 1 has most genes (2968) and Y has the fewest (231)
• Scientists have identified about 1.4 million locations where single base DNA differences
(SNPs-Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) occur in humans.
Any 5 of the above (one-mark each)
39 a) Name the biocontrol agents of aphids and mosquitoes respectively
Ans:
• Apids: Lady bird 2
• Mosquitoes: Dragonfly
b) How Bacillus thuringiensis can be used as biocontrol agent?
Ans:
• Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are available in sachets as dried spores which are mixed with
water and sprayed on to vulnerable plants such as brassicas and fruit trees, where these
are eaten by insect larvae
• In the gut of the larvae, the toxin is released and the larvae get killed 3
• The bacterial disease will kill the caterpillars but leave other insects unharmed
40 Diagrammatically represent the recombinant DNA technology.
5
Ans:
IIPUC EXAM -1, MARCH 2025 KSEAB 36 - BIOLOGY MODEL ANSWERS
7
One mark for each step
41 Give suitable terms for the following examples/statements with respect to population interactions. 1
a) The method Mediterranean orchid ophrys employs to get pollinated- Ans: Sexual deceit
b) Species facing competition might evolve mechanism that promote coexistence rather than 1
exclusion- Ans: Resource partitioning
c) The parasitic bird lays eggs in the nest of its host and lets the host bird incubate them- Ans: 1
Brood parasitism
d) The interaction between cattle egret and grazing cattle- Ans: Commensalism 1
e) The interaction in which one species is harmed while, the other is unaffected- Ans: 1
Amensalism
IIPUC EXAM -1, MARCH 2025 KSEAB 36 - BIOLOGY MODEL ANSWERS
8
VI. Answer any one of the following questions in about 200-250 words, wherever applicable.
(1*5=5)
42 Read the below given statement and answer the given questions.
“A breeder is interested in crossing different species of plants to combine desirable characters to
produce commercially superior varieties”.
a) What major approach in “Crop improvement programme”. Would you suggest to the
breeder to achieve this goal?
Ans: Artificial hybridization
b) Discuss in detail the techniques involved in the process
Ans:
• It is achieved by the techniques such as emasculation and bagging
• If the female parent bears bisexual flowers, removal of anthers from the flower bud before
the anther dehises using a pair of forceps is necessary. This step is referred to as
emasculation.
• Emasculated flowers have to be covered with a bag of suitable size generally made up of
butter paper to prevent contamination of its stigma with unwanted pollen. This process is
called bagging.
• When the stigma of bagged flowers attains receptivity, mature pollen grains collected from
anthers of the male parent are dusted on the stigma and the flowers are rebagged, and the
fruits allowed to develop.
Mentioning of emasculation and bagging technique- 2 marks
Explanation with valid reasons- 2 marks
43
Analyse the below given transcription Unit diagram and answer the given questions.
a) Name the parts A and B in the diagram
Ans:
• A- Coding strand
• B- Terminator
b) Which site of the transcription unit provides the binding site for RNA polymerase?
Ans: Promoter
c) Write the sequence of bases of the mRNA transcribed from the template given in the
diagram.
Ans:
IIPUC EXAM -1, MARCH 2025 KSEAB 36 - BIOLOGY MODEL ANSWERS
9
44 “Our body is provided with different types of non-specific immunity barriers at the times of
birth”. Justify the above statement with suitable examples. 1
Ans:
Innate immunity is non-specific type of defence that is present at the time of birth.
Innate immunity consists of 4 types of barriers-
• Physical barriers: Skin on our body is the main barrier which prevents entry of the
microbes. Mucus coating of the epithelium lining the respiratory, gastro-intestinal and
urogenital tracts help in trapping microbes entering our body
• Physiological barriers: Acid in the stomach, saliva in the mouth, tears from eyes- all
prevent microbial growth
• Cellular barriers: certain types of leucocytes (WBC) of our body like polymorpho-nuclear
leucocytes (PMNL neutrophils) and monocytes and natural killer (type of lymphocytes) in
the blood and macrophages in tissues can phagocytose and destroy microbes
• Cytokine barriers: Virus-infected cells secrete proteins called interferons which protect 4
non-infected cells from further viral infection
7 PART E
FOR VISUALLY CHALLENGED STUDENTS ONLY 1
Failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division cycle results in _____
Ans: Aneuploidy
IIPUC EXAM -1, MARCH 2025 KSEAB 36 - BIOLOGY MODEL ANSWERS
10
43 List the salient features of genetic code
5
Ans:
• The codon is triplet; 61 codons code for amino acids and 3 codons do not code for any
amino acids. Hence, they function as stop codons.
• One codon codes for only one amino acid. Hence, it is unambiguous and specific.
• Some amino acids are coded by more than one codon. Hence, the code is degenerate.
• The codon is read in mRNA in contiguous fashion. There are no punctuations.
• The code is nearly universal. For example, from bacteria to human UUU would code for
Phenylalanine (phe). Some exceptions to this rule have been found in mitochondrial
codons and in some protozoans.
• AUG has dual functions. It codes for Methionine (met) and it also acts as initiator codon.
Any of the 5 points (one-mark each)
IIPUC EXAM -1, MARCH 2025 KSEAB 36 - BIOLOGY MODEL ANSWERS
