Arc Flash the Easy Way 2023

Part 2 – Data Collection & Modeling

Presented by:
Jim Chastain – EasyPower Application Engineer
[email protected]

The presentation will start at

the top of the hour.
EasyPower is Part of
Bentley Systems
 Arc Flash the Easy Way Agenda
• Arc Flash is a safety hazard
• Organizations with compliance ‘oversight’ and Regulations Involved
– OSHA
– Consensus standards – rules & methods Part 1
• NFPA
• IEEE
• Arc Flash Study – initial phase
– Data Collection
– System Modeling This Week
– Series coordination – described
– Updated IEEE 1584-2018
• Arc Flash Study – analysis phase
– Short Circuit Study Third Week
– Protective Device Coordination
– Arc Flash Hazard Assessment
• Examples, Reports, Labels
– Mitigation Fourth Week
– Comparing Results
 Poll Questions

• Who would you prefer to collect data for

your arc flash study?

• When an arc flash study needs to be

updated, which option is more appealing?
 Questions from Part One
• Is it common practice to set max calc time to
2 sec?

• How can likelihood of an event be low when

equipment is closed?

• Does EasyPower take into account the lower

current allowed by current limiting fuses?
Current Limiting Fuses
• Shown to limit current to
downstream elements
(breakers and switches)
• Manufactures can test
fuse-breaker
combinations
– Fault current has small
variations
– Limited testing for arc
– Equations were
developed -2002
– Moved to informative
annex - 2018
 Notes (IEEE 1584.2018)
– Curve fitting equation to match data
– Results could differ:
• Different system voltages
• Different closing angle on voltage wave
• Different distance from the arc
– Only applicable to VCB in 600 V
• Class L (2000A, 1600A, 1200A, 800A)
• Class RK1 (600A, 400A, 200A, 100A)
– Fault current must be in current limiting range
CL FUSE EQUATION
In EasyPower
 Data Collection – Sources of Data

• Existing One-Line Diagrams

• Breaker or Relay Test Reports
• Motor of Generator Data Sheets
• Switchgear Control Drawings
• Previous Power System Studies
• Schedules
• Shop Drawings
• Data Collection
• Manufacturer Data
• Tribal knowledge information about maintenance procedures, quirks
 Data Collection – Diagrams
One-Line Diagram: Riser Diagram:
 Data Collection – Test Reports
Relay Test Reports:
Building the Model – Data Collection
Data Collection Worksheets: Hand Drawn One-Lines:
 System Modeling – Utility Info
Utility Form:
Utility Letter:
System Modeling – Data Collection
Cables:
System Modeling – Data Collection
Transformers:
System Modeling – Panelboards
Panelboards:
System Modeling – Circuit Breakers
Circuit Breakers:
 Data Collection Tips
• Create a conceptual map of the key components such as transformers, sources,
switchgears, and distribution points (MCC, panels, etc.). Plant engineers and electricians
typically have knowledge of the layout of the system.
• Based on the conceptual map, prepare and plan data collection forms or templates to
keep track of details and organize information.
• Coordinate with the plant personnel for the site visit. In some cases, it may not be
possible to obtain the required data if it becomes necessary to open some equipment
covers, which may require shutdown and interfere with the plant operation. The
information is obtained later during scheduled maintenance.
• The more ‘local’ knowledge the electrician/plant personnel has of the facility, the better
the final model will be. You may need to consult with a few different plant individuals
before you understand or gather data you need.
• Use a digital camera. The pictures/videos are valuable to reference after if you miss
anything in your collection forms. If you have difficulty in understanding any equipment
data, you can obtain help from experienced people by having the photo/video.
 Arc Flash Safety Hazard

boom

What initiates the

arcing fault?
 System Modeling in EasyPower
• Suggestions
– Plan your layout
– Start small
• Simple one line - Utility to smallest load you need to label
• Verify your understanding of tool mechanics.. Getting desired
results
• Then go large
– Floor planning
• Eliminate ‘ball of spaghetti’ look
• Annotate, uses comments to record assumptions made
• Use ‘Named Views’
 Prerequisite Studies
An arc-flash hazard analysis should be performed in association with:

Short Circuit Study

– Enables calculation of the arcing fault currents at selected locations.

– Evaluates short-circuit currents compared to ratings of equipment.

Protective Device Coordination Study

– Evaluates time for the protective devices to interrupt fault conditions.

– Identify areas where arc-flash incident energy reduction can be achieved.

 Short Circuit Study
Short Circuit Calculation:

Arc-flash study should be based on an up-to-date short-circuit study.

Equipment Evaluation:

Evaluating short circuits against equipment ratings is recommended.

*Minimum and maximum short-circuit current conditions should be evaluated.

*Larger and smaller short-circuit currents can result in higher arc-flash energy.
 Protection
Prevent excessive temperatures in conductors and equipment.

• Minimize equipment damage

• Reduce risk of fire and explosion

• Reduce risk for people (arc flash)

• Meet legal requirements

• Meet insurer’s requirements

 Coordination – Selective Coordination

Coordination Study

• Study systems characteristics and determine optimum device settings.

• Coordinate protection of system components and circuits to achieve minimum

circuit interruption for different types and magnitudes of faults and over-
currents.

• Selective (series) coordination is obtained when a minimum amount of equipment

is removed from service for isolation of a fault or other abnormality.
Coordination – Selective Coordination
Coordination – Selective Coordination
Coordination – Selective Coordination
Coordination – Selective Coordination
Coordination – Selective Coordination
 Coordination – Time Current Curves

Horizontal axis represents current.

Vertical axis represents time.

Higher Current = Lower Trip Time

Shape of curve determined by mfgr

part number, type and dial settings
improtant to capture during data collect
 Coordination – Time Current Curves

Horizontal axis represents current.

FUSE 80S

Vertical axis represents time.

Higher Current = Lower Trip Time

LVPCB 300 MS

System – series coordinated at 5 kA

MCCB 20 MS
 Arc Flash – Calculation Methods
70E Annex D methods to calculate Arc Flash Boundary & Incident Energy:
Section Source Limitations/Parameters

D.2 Lee Arcs in Open Air

Conservative over 600V, more conservative as voltage increases

D.3 Doughty Systems less than 600V

Short Circuit 16 kA through 50 kA

D.4 IEEE 1584 Three Phase 208 kV Through 15 kV

Short Circuit 700A through 106 kA
50 Hz through 60 Hz ; 13 mm to 152 mm Conductor Gaps

D.5 Doan DC up to 1000V

 Calculation – IEEE 1584 Method

IEEE 1584 Guide To Performing Arc Flash Calculations

• Methods and procedures to estimate arc flash boundary and incident energy.

• Empirical equations yield consistent results within recommended range.

• PPE recommendations to mitigate arc-flash hazards are not included.

IEEE 1584-2002: Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations

IEEE 1584a-2004: Amendment 1
IEEE 1584b-2011: Amendment 2
IEEE 1584-2018: Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations
Calculation – Parameters

Voltage
Current
Time
Working Distance
Electrode Gap
Enclosure Size (New in 2018)
Electrode Configuration (New in 2018)
 Voltage
Three Phase AC
Included in IEEE 1584. (208 V through 15 kV)

Single Phase AC
Calculations for single phase not included in IEEE 1584
Conservative results using IEEE 1584 three phase.

DC
Not included in IEEE 1584.
 Current
Bolted Fault Current:
• Zero Impedance Fault
• Calculated From Short Circuit Study

Arcing Fault Current:

• Current Through Electrical Arc Plasma
• Calculated From Bolted Fault
• (no longer need to calculate ‘reduced arcing current’)
Bolted Fault Current – Model Range
Low Voltage ( ≤ 600 V): 500 A through 106 kA
Medium Voltage ( > 600 V ): 200 A through 65 kA

Bolted Fault Current vs. Incident Energy

G = 50mm , T = 500 ms , D = 18 in. , H = 20 in. , W = 20 in. , D = 20 in. , VCB

14.3 kV Out of Model Range 480 V Out of Model Range

250
Incident Energy (cal/cm2)

200

150

100

50

0
0 50 100 150 200 250
Bolted Fault Current (kA)
Arcing Fault Current - Calculation
𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_𝑣𝑜𝑐 = 10 𝑘1+𝑘2𝑙𝑔𝐼𝑏𝑓 +𝑘3𝑙𝑔𝐺
𝐾4𝐼𝑏𝑓 6 + 𝐾5𝐼𝑏𝑓 5 + 𝐾6𝐼𝑏𝑓 4 + 𝐾7𝐼𝑏𝑓 3 + 𝐾8𝐼𝑏𝑓 2 + 𝐾9𝐼𝑏𝑓 + 𝐾10
E.C. Voc k1 k2 k3 k4 k5 k6 k7 k8 k9 k10
600 -4.287E-02 1.035E+00 -8.300E-02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 -4.783E-09 1.962E-06 -2.290E-04 3.141E-03 1.092E+00
VCB 2 700 6.500E-03 1.001E+00 -2.400E-02 -1.557E-12 4.556E-10 -4.186E-08 8.346E-07 5.482E-05 -3.191E-03 9.729E-01
14 300 5.795E-03 1.015E+00 -1.100E-02 -1.557E-12 4.556E-10 -4.186E-08 8.346E-07 5.482E-05 -3.191E-03 9.729E-01
600 -1.743E-02 9.800E-01 -5.000E-02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 -5.767E-09 2.524E-06 -3.400E-04 1.187E-02 1.013E+00
VCBB 2 700 2.823E-03 9.950E-01 -1.250E-02 0.000E+00 -9.204E-11 2.901E-08 -3.262E-06 1.569E-04 -4.003E-03 9.825E-01
14 300 1.483E-02 1.010E+00 -1.000E-02 0.000E+00 -9.204E-11 2.901E-08 -3.262E-06 1.569E-04 -4.003E-03 9.825E-01
600 5.492E-02 9.880E-01 -1.100E-01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 -5.382E-09 2.316E-06 -3.020E-04 9.100E-03 9.725E-01
HCB 2 700 1.011E-03 1.003E+00 -2.490E-02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 4.859E-10 -1.814E-07 -9.128E-06 -7.000E-04 9.881E-01
14 300 8.693E-03 9.990E-01 -2.000E-02 0.000E+00 -5.043E-11 2.233E-08 -3.046E-06 1.160E-04 -1.145E-03 9.839E-01
600 4.379E-02 1.040E+00 -1.800E-01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 -4.783E-09 1.962E-06 -2.290E-04 3.141E-03 1.092E+00
VOA 2 700 -2.395E-02 1.006E+00 -1.880E-02 -1.557E-12 4.556E-10 -4.186E-08 8.346E-07 5.482E-05 -3.191E-03 9.729E-01
14 300 5.371E-03 1.010E+00 -2.900E-02 -1.557E-12 4.556E-10 -4.186E-08 8.346E-07 5.482E-05 -3.191E-03 9.729E-01
600 1.111E-01 1.008E+00 -2.400E-01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 -3.895E-09 1.641E-06 -1.970E-04 2.615E-03 1.100E+00
HOA 2 700 4.350E-04 1.006E+00 -3.800E-02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 7.859E-10 -1.914E-07 -9.128E-06 -7.000E-04 9.981E-01
14 300 9.040E-04 9.990E-01 -2.000E-02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 7.859E-10 -1.914E-07 -9.128E-06 -7.000E-04 9.981E-01

𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐 (600 𝑉< 𝑉𝑜𝑐 ≤ 2700 𝑉) = 𝑰𝒂𝒓𝒄_𝟑

𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐 ( > 2700 𝑉) = 𝑰𝒂𝒓𝒄_𝟐

1
𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐 =
2
0.6 1 0.62 − 𝑉𝑜𝑐 2 𝑰𝒂𝒓𝒄_𝟏 =
𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_2700 − 𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_600
𝑉𝑜𝑐 − 2.7 + 𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_2700
× 2 − 2.1
𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_600 0.62 × 𝐼𝑏𝑓 2
𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_14300 −𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_2700
𝑰𝒂𝒓𝒄_𝟐 = 𝑉𝑜𝑐 − 14.3 + 𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_14300
11.6

𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_1 2.7−𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_2 𝑉𝑜𝑐 −0.6

𝑰𝒂𝒓𝒄_𝟑 = +
2.1 2.1
Arcing Fault Current - Reduced
𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝐶𝑓 = 𝑘1𝑉𝑜𝑐 6 + 𝑘2𝑉𝑜𝑐 5 + 𝑘3𝑉𝑜𝑐 4 + 𝑘4𝑉𝑜𝑐 3 + 𝑘5𝑉𝑜𝑐 2 + 𝑘6𝑉𝑜𝑐 + 𝑘7

E.C. k1 k2 k3 k4 k5 k6 k7
VCB 0.000E+00 -3.097E-06 1.641E-04 -3.361E-03 3.331E-02 -1.618E-01 3.463E-01
VCBB 0.000E+00 -3.156E-06 1.682E-04 -3.461E-03 3.412E-02 -1.599E-01 3.463E-01
HCB 0.000E+00 -1.427E-06 8.314E-05 -1.938E-03 2.237E-02 -1.265E-01 3.023E-01
VOA 1.138E-06 -6.029E-05 1.276E-03 -1.378E-02 8.022E-02 -2.407E-01 3.352E-01
HOA 9.561E-07 -5.154E-05 1.116E-03 -1.242E-02 7.513E-02 -2.358E-01 3.370E-01

𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐 × 1 − 0.5 × 𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝐶𝑓

Arcing Current – 100% & Reduced
Arcing Current
Arcing Current ⟶ 100 %

85 %

208 1000 15000

Voltage (V)
 Time
Determined From:

• Arcing Current TIME

• Protective Device TCC

ARCING CURRENT
 Effect on Clearing Time
Arc Clearing Time based on:
‘Reduced arc current make
take more time to clear arc
• Arcing Current TIME

• Protective Device TCC

• Results may be “more

ARCING CURRENT
conservative” (higher
incident energy)
“Low Voltage Exception” no longer
• 1584-2002 suggested that for 240 vac systems supplied
by transformer 125 kva (or less) were not considered
an arc flash hazards

• This has been removed from the 2018 updated arc

flash standard.

• Potentially this means a lot more panels may be

included in the ‘scope of work’ for next arc flash
hazard assessment.
“Low Voltage Exception” no longer
• 1584-2002 suggested that for 240 vac systems supplied
by transformer 125 kva (or less) were not considered
an arc flash hazards
• “Sustainable arcs are possible but less likely in three-
phase systems operating at 240 V nominal or less with an
available short-circuit current less than 2000 A”.
• Potentially this means a lot more panels may be
included in the ‘scope of work’ for next arc flash
hazard assessment.
 Time – Maximum Limit (‘2 second rule’)

Reasonable Maximum Time: 2 Seconds

Likely a person exposed to an arc flash will move away.

However:
– Dependent on Work Task (Using a Bucket Truck)
– Egress May Be Blocked (Inside An Enclosure)
– Use Engineering Judgement
 Electrode Gap
Gap Between Conductors (Electrodes)

Model Range:
• Low Voltage ( ≤ 600 V): 6.35 mm – 76.2 mm

• Medium Voltage ( > 600 V ): 19.05 mm – 254 mm

Difficult to measure or obtain from manufacturer.

Difficult to assign single value due to variance within equipment.

Electrode Gap - IEEE Typical Values
Equipment Type Gap

15 kV Switchgear 152 mm
15 kV MCC 152 mm

5 kV Switchgear 104 mm
5 kV MCC 104 mm

Low Voltage Switchgear 32 mm

Low Voltage MCCs & Panelboards (Typical) 25 mm
Low Voltage MCCs & Panelboards (Shallow) 25 mm

Cable Junction Box 13 mm

 Enclosure Size
Height

Width

Depth

HEIGHT
• Typical
• Shallow
▪ < 600 V
▪ H < 20 in.
▪ D < 20 in.
TYPICAL
▪ D ≤ 8 in.
SHALLOW
WIDTH
Enclosure Size - IEEE Typical Values
Equipment Type H x W x D
15 kV Switchgear 45 x 30 x 30 in.
15 kV MCC 36 x 36 x 36 in.

5 kV Switchgear 36 x 36 x 36 in.
5 kV Switchgear 45 x 30 x 30 in.
5 kV MCC 26 x 26 x 26 in.

Low Voltage Switchgear 20 x 20 x 20 in.

Low Voltage MCCs & Panelboards (Typical) 14 x 12 x >8 in.
Low Voltage MCCs & Panelboards (Shallow) 14 x 12 x ≤8 in.

Cable Junction Box 14 x 12 x 8 in.

Enclosure Size – Correction Factor
< 508 mm ≥ 508 mm < 660.4 mm
E.C. Range < 1244.6 mm
Typical Shallow ≤ 660.4 mm ≤ 1244.6 mm
Width1 20 0.03937 x Width 0.03937 x Width Width1 Formula Width1 Formula
VCB
Height1 20 0.03937 x Height 0.03937 x Height 0.03937 x Height 49
Width1 20 0.03937 x Width 0.03937 x Width Width1 Formula Width1 Formula
VCBB
Height1 20 0.03937 x Height 0.03937 x Height Height1 Formula Height1 Formula
Width1 20 0.03937 x Width 0.03937 x Width Width1 Formula Width1 Formula
HCB
Height1 20 0.03937 x Height 0.03937 x Height Height1 Formula Height1 Formula

𝑉𝑜𝑐 + 𝐴 𝐶𝐹 = 𝑏1 × 𝐸𝐸𝑆 2 + 𝑏2 × 𝐸𝐸𝑆 + 𝑏3

𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ1 = 660.4 + 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ − 660.4 × × 25.4−1
𝐵

1
𝑉𝑜𝑐 +𝐴 𝐶𝐹 = 𝑏1×𝐸𝐸𝑆2 +𝑏2×𝐸𝐸𝑆+𝑏3
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡1 = 660.4 + 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 − 660.4 × × 25.4−1
𝐵

E.C. A B Box Type E.C. b1 b2 b3

VCB 4 20 VCB -3.020E-04 3.441E-02 4.325E-01

VCBB 10 24 Typical VCBB -2.976E-04 3.200E-02 4.790E-01

HCB -1.923E-04 1.935E-02 6.899E-01
HCB 10 22
VCB 2.222E-03 -2.556E-02 6.222E-01
Shallow VCBB -2.778E-03 1.194E-01 -2.778E-01
HCB -5.556E-04 3.722E-02 4.778E-01
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡1 + 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ1
𝐸𝐸𝑆 =
2
 Electrode Configurations
Enclosed Equipment:
• VCB Vertical electrodes inside a metal enclosure.

• VCBB Vertical electrodes terminated in an insulating barrier inside a metal enclosure (New in 2018).

• HCB Horizontal electrodes inside a metal enclosure (New in 2018).

Open Air:
• VOA Vertical electrodes in open air.

• HOA Horizontal electrodes in open air (New in 2018).

Enclosed Equipment

VCB VCBB HCB

Enclosed
 Open Air

VOA HOA
Open
 Working Distance
Distance between arc source and face/chest.

Minimum working distance of 12 inches.

Incident Energy decreases as distance increases.

45
Incident Energy ⟶

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Working Distance (in)
Working Distance - IEEE Typical Values

Equipment Type Working Distance

15 kV Switchgear 36 in.
15 kV MCC 36 in.

5 kV Switchgear 36 in.
5 kV MCC 36 in.

Low Voltage Switchgear 24 in.

Low Voltage MCCs & Panelboards (Typical) 18 in.
Low Voltage MCCs & Panelboards (Shallow) 18 in.

Cable Junction Box 18 in.

Correction factors adjusted per bus
Incident Energy - Calculation
𝑘3𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_600 1
𝑘1+𝑘2𝑙𝑔𝐺+ +𝑘11𝑙𝑔𝐼𝑏𝑓 +𝑘12𝑙𝑔𝐷+𝑘13𝑙𝑔𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐 +𝑙𝑔
12.552 𝑘4𝐼𝑏𝑓 7 +𝑘5𝐼𝑏𝑓 6 +𝑘6𝐼𝑏𝑓 5 +𝑘7𝐼𝑏𝑓 4 +𝑘8𝐼𝑏𝑓 3 +𝑘9𝐼𝑏𝑓 2 +𝑘10𝐼𝑏𝑓 𝐶𝐹
𝐸≤600 = 𝑇 × 10
50

𝑘3𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_600 1
𝑘1+𝑘2𝑙𝑔𝐺+ +𝑘11𝑙𝑔𝐼𝑏𝑓 +𝑘12𝑙𝑔𝐷+𝑘13𝑙𝑔𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_600 +𝑙𝑔
12.552 𝑘4𝐼𝑏𝑓 7 +𝑘5𝐼𝑏𝑓 6 +𝑘6𝐼𝑏𝑓 5 +𝑘7𝐼𝑏𝑓 4 +𝑘8𝐼𝑏𝑓 3 +𝑘9𝐼𝑏𝑓 2 +𝑘10𝐼𝑏𝑓 𝐶𝐹
𝐸600 = 50
𝑇 × 10

𝑘3𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_2700 1
𝑘1+𝑘2𝑙𝑔𝐺+ +𝑘11𝑙𝑔𝐼𝑏𝑓 +𝑘12𝑙𝑔𝐷+𝑘13𝑙𝑔𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_2700 +𝑙𝑔
12.552 𝑘4𝐼𝑏𝑓 7 +𝑘5𝐼𝑏𝑓 6 +𝑘6𝐼𝑏𝑓 5 +𝑘7𝐼𝑏𝑓 4 +𝑘8𝐼𝑏𝑓 3 +𝑘9𝐼𝑏𝑓 2 +𝑘10𝐼𝑏𝑓 𝐶𝐹
𝐸2700 = 𝑇 × 10
50

𝑘3𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_14300 1
𝑘1+𝑘2𝑙𝑔𝐺+ +𝑘11𝑙𝑔𝐼𝑏𝑓 +𝑘12𝑙𝑔𝐷+𝑘13𝑙𝑔𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_14300 +𝑙𝑔
12.552 𝑘4𝐼𝑏𝑓 7 +𝑘5𝐼𝑏𝑓 6 +𝑘6𝐼𝑏𝑓 5 +𝑘7𝐼𝑏𝑓 4 +𝑘8𝐼𝑏𝑓 3 +𝑘9𝐼𝑏𝑓 2 +𝑘10𝐼𝑏𝑓 𝐶𝐹
𝐸14300 = 50
𝑇 × 10
Voc E.C. k1 k2 k3 k4 k5 k6 k7 k8 k9 k10 k11 k12 k13
VCB 7.534E-01 5.660E-01 1.753E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 -4.783E-09 1.962E-06 -2.290E-04 3.141E-03 1.092E+00 0.000E+00 -1.598E+00 9.570E-01
VCBB 3.068E+00 2.600E-01 -9.811E-02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 -5.767E-09 2.524E-06 -3.400E-04 1.187E-02 1.013E+00 -6.000E-02 -1.809E+00 1.190E+00
600 V HCB 4.074E+00 3.440E-01 -3.703E-01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 -5.382E-09 2.316E-06 -3.020E-04 9.100E-03 9.725E-01 0.000E+00 -2.030E+00 1.036E+00
VOA 6.793E-01 7.460E-01 1.223E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 -4.783E-09 1.962E-06 -2.290E-04 3.141E-03 1.092E+00 0.000E+00 -1.598E+00 9.970E-01
HOA 3.470E+00 4.650E-01 -2.619E-01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 -3.895E-09 1.641E-06 -1.970E-04 2.615E-03 1.100E+00 0.000E+00 -1.990E+00 1.040E+00
VCB 2.400E+00 1.650E-01 3.542E-01 -1.557E-12 4.556E-10 -4.186E-08 8.346E-07 5.482E-05 -3.191E-03 9.729E-01 0.000E+00 -1.569E+00 9.778E-01
VCBB 3.871E+00 1.850E-01 -7.366E-01 0.000E+00 -9.204E-11 2.901E-08 -3.262E-06 1.569E-04 -4.003E-03 9.825E-01 0.000E+00 -1.742E+00 1.090E+00
2 700 V HCB 3.486E+00 1.770E-01 -1.931E-01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 4.859E-10 -1.814E-07 -9.128E-06 -7.000E-04 9.881E-01 2.700E-02 -1.723E+00 1.055E+00
VOA 3.881E+00 1.050E-01 -1.906E+00 -1.557E-12 4.556E-10 -4.186E-08 8.346E-07 5.482E-05 -3.191E-03 9.729E-01 0.000E+00 -1.515E+00 1.115E+00
HOA 3.616E+00 1.490E-01 -7.616E-01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 7.859E-10 -1.914E-07 -9.128E-06 -7.000E-04 9.981E-01 0.000E+00 -1.639E+00 1.078E+00
VCB 3.826E+00 1.100E-01 -9.997E-01 -1.557E-12 4.556E-10 -4.186E-08 8.346E-07 5.482E-05 -3.191E-03 9.729E-01 0.000E+00 -1.568E+00 9.900E-01
VCBB 3.644E+00 2.150E-01 -5.855E-01 0.000E+00 -9.204E-11 2.901E-08 -3.262E-06 1.569E-04 -4.003E-03 9.825E-01 0.000E+00 -1.677E+00 1.060E+00
14 300 V HCB 3.045E+00 1.250E-01 2.451E-01 0.000E+00 -5.043E-11 2.233E-08 -3.046E-06 1.160E-04 -1.145E-03 9.839E-01 0.000E+00 -1.655E+00 1.084E+00
VOA 3.405E+00 1.200E-01 -9.325E-01 -1.557E-12 4.556E-10 -4.186E-08 8.346E-07 5.482E-05 -3.191E-03 9.729E-01 0.000E+00 -1.534E+00 9.790E-01
HOA 2.040E+00 1.770E-01 1.005E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 7.859E-10 -1.914E-07 -9.128E-06 -7.000E-04 9.981E-01 -5.000E-02 -1.633E+00 1.151E+00

𝐸2700 − 𝐸600
𝐸1 = 𝑉𝑜𝑐 − 2.7 + 𝐸2700
𝐸 (600 𝑉< 𝑉𝑜𝑐 ≤ 2700 𝑉) = 𝑬𝟑 2.1
𝐸14300 −𝐸2700
𝐸2 = 𝑉𝑜𝑐 − 14.3 + 𝐸14300
11.6
𝐸 ( > 2700 𝑉) = 𝑬𝟐
𝐸1 2.7−𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝐸2 𝑉𝑜𝑐 −0.6
𝐸3 = 2.1
+ 2.1
Arc Flash Boundary - Calculation
𝑘3𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_600
𝑘1+𝑘2𝑙𝑔𝐺+ +𝑘11𝑙𝑔𝐼 1 20
𝑘4𝐼𝑏𝑓 7 +𝑘5𝐼𝑏𝑓 6 +𝑘6𝐼𝑏𝑓 5 +𝑘7𝐼𝑏𝑓 4 +𝑘8𝐼𝑏𝑓 3 +𝑘9𝐼𝑏𝑓 2 +𝑘10𝐼𝑏𝑓 𝑏𝑓+𝑘13𝑙𝑔𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐 +𝑙𝑔 𝐶𝐹 −𝑙𝑔 𝑇

𝐴𝐹𝐵≤600 = 10 −𝑘12

𝑘3𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_600
𝑘1+𝑘2𝑙𝑔𝐺+ +𝑘11𝑙𝑔𝐼 1 20
𝑘4𝐼𝑏𝑓 7 +𝑘5𝐼𝑏𝑓 6 +𝑘6𝐼𝑏𝑓 5 +𝑘7𝐼𝑏𝑓 4 +𝑘8𝐼𝑏𝑓 3 +𝑘9𝐼𝑏𝑓 2 +𝑘10𝐼𝑏𝑓 𝑏𝑓+𝑘13𝑙𝑔𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_600 +𝑙𝑔 𝐶𝐹 −𝑙𝑔 𝑇
𝐴𝐹𝐵600 = 10 −𝑘12

𝑘3𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_2700
𝑘1+𝑘2𝑙𝑔𝐺+ +𝑘11𝑙𝑔𝐼 1 20
𝑘4𝐼𝑏𝑓 7 +𝑘5𝐼𝑏𝑓 6 +𝑘6𝐼𝑏𝑓 5 +𝑘7𝐼𝑏𝑓 4 +𝑘8𝐼𝑏𝑓 3 +𝑘9𝐼𝑏𝑓 2 +𝑘10𝐼𝑏𝑓 𝑏𝑓+𝑘13𝑙𝑔𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_2700 +𝑙𝑔 𝐶𝐹 −𝑙𝑔 𝑇
𝐴𝐹𝐵2700 = 10 −𝑘12

𝑘3𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_14300
𝑘1+𝑘2𝑙𝑔𝐺+ +𝑘11𝑙𝑔𝐼 1 20
𝑘4𝐼𝑏𝑓 7 +𝑘5𝐼𝑏𝑓 6 +𝑘6𝐼𝑏𝑓 5 +𝑘7𝐼𝑏𝑓 4 +𝑘8𝐼𝑏𝑓 3 +𝑘9𝐼𝑏𝑓 2 +𝑘10𝐼𝑏𝑓 𝑏𝑓+𝑘13𝑙𝑔𝐼𝑎𝑟𝑐_14300 +𝑙𝑔 𝐶𝐹 −𝑙𝑔 𝑇
𝐴𝐹𝐵14300 = 10 −𝑘12

Voc E.C. k1 k2 k3 k4 k5 k6 k7 k8 k9 k10 k11 k12 k13

VCB 7.534E-01 5.660E-01 1.753E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 -4.783E-09 1.962E-06 -2.290E-04 3.141E-03 1.092E+00 0.000E+00 -1.598E+00 9.570E-01
VCBB 3.068E+00 2.600E-01 -9.811E-02 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 -5.767E-09 2.524E-06 -3.400E-04 1.187E-02 1.013E+00 -6.000E-02 -1.809E+00 1.190E+00
600 V HCB 4.074E+00 3.440E-01 -3.703E-01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 -5.382E-09 2.316E-06 -3.020E-04 9.100E-03 9.725E-01 0.000E+00 -2.030E+00 1.036E+00
VOA 6.793E-01 7.460E-01 1.223E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 -4.783E-09 1.962E-06 -2.290E-04 3.141E-03 1.092E+00 0.000E+00 -1.598E+00 9.970E-01
HOA 3.470E+00 4.650E-01 -2.619E-01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 -3.895E-09 1.641E-06 -1.970E-04 2.615E-03 1.100E+00 0.000E+00 -1.990E+00 1.040E+00
VCB 2.400E+00 1.650E-01 3.542E-01 -1.557E-12 4.556E-10 -4.186E-08 8.346E-07 5.482E-05 -3.191E-03 9.729E-01 0.000E+00 -1.569E+00 9.778E-01
VCBB 3.871E+00 1.850E-01 -7.366E-01 0.000E+00 -9.204E-11 2.901E-08 -3.262E-06 1.569E-04 -4.003E-03 9.825E-01 0.000E+00 -1.742E+00 1.090E+00
2 700 V HCB 3.486E+00 1.770E-01 -1.931E-01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 4.859E-10 -1.814E-07 -9.128E-06 -7.000E-04 9.881E-01 2.700E-02 -1.723E+00 1.055E+00
VOA 3.881E+00 1.050E-01 -1.906E+00 -1.557E-12 4.556E-10 -4.186E-08 8.346E-07 5.482E-05 -3.191E-03 9.729E-01 0.000E+00 -1.515E+00 1.115E+00
HOA 3.616E+00 1.490E-01 -7.616E-01 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 7.859E-10 -1.914E-07 -9.128E-06 -7.000E-04 9.981E-01 0.000E+00 -1.639E+00 1.078E+00
VCB 3.826E+00 1.100E-01 -9.997E-01 -1.557E-12 4.556E-10 -4.186E-08 8.346E-07 5.482E-05 -3.191E-03 9.729E-01 0.000E+00 -1.568E+00 9.900E-01
VCBB 3.644E+00 2.150E-01 -5.855E-01 0.000E+00 -9.204E-11 2.901E-08 -3.262E-06 1.569E-04 -4.003E-03 9.825E-01 0.000E+00 -1.677E+00 1.060E+00
14 300 V HCB 3.045E+00 1.250E-01 2.451E-01 0.000E+00 -5.043E-11 2.233E-08 -3.046E-06 1.160E-04 -1.145E-03 9.839E-01 0.000E+00 -1.655E+00 1.084E+00
VOA 3.405E+00 1.200E-01 -9.325E-01 -1.557E-12 4.556E-10 -4.186E-08 8.346E-07 5.482E-05 -3.191E-03 9.729E-01 0.000E+00 -1.534E+00 9.790E-01
HOA 2.040E+00 1.770E-01 1.005E+00 0.000E+00 0.000E+00 7.859E-10 -1.914E-07 -9.128E-06 -7.000E-04 9.981E-01 -5.000E-02 -1.633E+00 1.151E+00

𝐴𝐹𝐵−𝐴𝐹𝐵600
𝐴𝐹𝐵1 = 𝑉𝑜𝑐 − 2.7 + 𝐴𝐹𝐵2700
𝐴𝐹𝐵 (600 𝑉< 𝑉𝑜𝑐 ≤ 2700 𝑉) = 𝑨𝑭𝑩𝟑 2.1
𝐴𝐹𝐵14300 −𝐴𝐹𝐵2700
𝐴𝐹𝐵2 = 11.6
𝑉𝑜𝑐 − 14.3 + 𝐴𝐹𝐵14300
𝐴𝐹𝐵 ( > 2700 𝑉) = 𝑨𝑭𝑩𝟐
𝐴𝐹𝐵1 2.7−𝑉𝑜𝑐 𝐴𝐹𝐵2 𝑉𝑜𝑐 −0.6
𝐴𝐹𝐵3 = 2.1
+ 2.1
 Workshop Agenda
• Arc Flash is a safety hazard

• Organizations with compliance ‘oversight’ and Regulations Involved

– OSHA First Week
– Consensus standards – rules & methods
• NFPA
• IEEE
• Arc Flash Study – initial phase
– Data Collection
Second Week
– System Modeling
• Updated IEEE 1584-2018
• Arc Flash Study – analysis phase
– Short Circuit Study Third Week
– Protective Device Coordination
– Arc Flash Hazard Assessment
• Examples, Reports, Labels
– Mitigation Fourth Week
– Comparing Results
 Thank you for attending today
• Questions?
• Demo copy of EasyPower tools available from
www.EasyPower.com
– Email me if you run into issues using tools
– [email protected]

• Useful hand outs from the download section for this

webinar.
• PDF copy of this presentation will be posted along with the
video link next week
Join us next week to see the
EasyPower tools in action!

Jim Chastain – [email protected]

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Bentley Systems