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Classification of Element

The document outlines the classification of elements in the periodic table, detailing the arrangement by atomic number and the characteristics of groups and periods. It discusses historical classification methods, including triads, Newland's octave, and Mendeleev's periodic law, along with their limitations. The modern periodic table consists of 118 elements, categorized into groups and periods, with specific trends in properties such as atomic size, ionization potential, and metallic character.

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35 views4 pages

Classification of Element

The document outlines the classification of elements in the periodic table, detailing the arrangement by atomic number and the characteristics of groups and periods. It discusses historical classification methods, including triads, Newland's octave, and Mendeleev's periodic law, along with their limitations. The modern periodic table consists of 118 elements, categorized into groups and periods, with specific trends in properties such as atomic size, ionization potential, and metallic character.

Uploaded by

anishjacobtirkey
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENT

H(1)
He(2)

Li(3) Be B C N O F Ne(10)

Na(11) Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar(18)

Se
K(19) Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Br Kr(36)
selenium

Rb(37) Sr
In Sn Sb Te
Ag I Xe(54)
Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium
rubidium strontium
Ba
Cs(55)
Barium La(57) Tl Pb Bi Po At
Au Rn(86)
lanthanum Thallium lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine
caesium

Fr(87) Ra
Ac(89) Rg
actinium Roentgenium
Francium Radium

Lanthanide/Lanthanoid – 57-71(14 element)

Actinide/Actinoid- 89-103(14 element)


Modern Periodic table : - modern periodic table are periodic function of atomic number.
• In 1914 It is discovered by Henry Mosley (Britain ) .
• 18 Vertical columns – Groups.
• 7 horizontal Row – Period.
• Total elements - 118 ( 94 Natural [ 93metal ,18 Nonmetals, 7 metalloids]
24 Artificial )
Period : - largest no / largest orbit / largest Shell
Block - last e- Subshell
Group :-
s p d
ns1 -----------Gp1 GP = 10 + no of e- in last last p Gp = 2 + No of e- in last d
ns2-----------------Gp2 subshell subshell

F → 57-71 – pd 6 group 3 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10
→89-103 – pd7

Q. Find period , block , group of


➢ Vanidiun ( 23 )

➢ Fe ( 26 )

➢ K ( 19 )

➢ Br ( 35 )

➢ Al ( 13 )

Top-bottom Left-right
Properties
(down the group) (along the period)

Atomic size/radius increases decreases

No. of shell/orbit increases same

Ionisation potential
(Amount of energy required to decreases increases
remove outer most e-)

Valence electron Same increases

Valency(no. of e- gain or loss) same first increases then decreases

Metallic character
increases decreases
(Easily loose electron)

Non metallic character decreases increases

Electron affinity decreases increases


1. Do Bernier triads - 1829 Germany 30 elements Known -

• When elements are arranged accordingly increasing order of their atomic masses in a group of 3 (called
Triads ) the arithmetic mean of 1st & 3rd is equal to mass of 2nd element behaves Same chemically.

Li Na K 𝟑𝟗+𝟕
=46
𝟐
7 23 39

Ca Br Ba 𝟏𝟕𝟕
= 𝟖𝟖. 𝟓
𝟐
40 88.5 137

Limitations

• All Known elements cant put in triads.


• Even same group elements puts in different triads.
F Cl Br 𝟗𝟗
= 𝟒𝟗. 𝟓
𝟐
19 35.5 80

2. Newland octave : - 1865 - 56 element -

• If elements are arranged according to increasing order of masses 8 th element behave chemically similar to

1st element .

• Last element - Thorium 90(Th)


232 - 90

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
H Li Be B C N O
F Na Mg Al Si P S
Cl K Ca
Limitations:-

• Not applicable for all element.


• Discovery of inert gas.

Mendeleev’s periodic law –

Damitri Mendeleev’s ( Russia ) -1869 - 63 element


father of periodic table/ classification of element

• Properties of element are periodic function of their atomic mass.


• Vertical columns - group 8
• Horizontal Row - period - 7
• All known element put in periodic table .
• Space for undiscovered element
→ Eka boron( B ) -SC - Scandium
→Eka Aluminium(Al)- Ga – Gallium
→Eka Silicon(Si)-Germanium(Ge)

Limitations - Discovery of isotope ( Same atomic number different mass number )

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