Ex.
No Date
Study and usage of Python
1
Aim:
Algorithm:
Program:
Step: 1 Import necessary library
Step: 2 Define the number array
Step: 3 Convert to a Pandas Series for ease of analysis
Step: 4 Evaluate the descriptive Statistics
Step: 5 Evaluate the Measure of Central Tendency
Step:6 Evaluate the Measure of Variability
Step:7 Visualize the Data
Result:
Ex. No Date
Python Packages
2
Aim:
Algorithm:
Program:
Step 1: Import the necessary library for NumPy operations.
Step 2: Perform basic mathematical operations on arrays using NumPy.
Step 3: Perform statistical operations like sum, mean, median, standard deviation,
variance, and max value using NumPy.
Step 4: Import the Pandas library for data manipulation.
Step 5: Create a simple Pandas DataFrame to store and display data.
Step 6: Use the loc attribute to locate specific rows by index in a Pandas DataFrame.
Step 7: Create a Pandas DataFrame with named indexes (days).
Step 8: Load a CSV file into a Pandas DataFrame.
Step 9: View the first and last few rows of a DataFrame using. head () and. tail ()
methods.
Step 10: Create a linear plot using Matplotlib to visualize data.
Result:
Ex. No Date
Find-S Algorithm
3
Aim:
Algorithm:
Program:
Step:1 Initialize the most specific hypothesis to the first positive example
Step:2 Define training data (attribute1, attribute2, ..., target)
Step:3 Find the most specific hypothesis
Result:
Ex. No Date
Linear Regression
4
Aim:
Algorithm:
Program:
Step:1 Import the necessary libraries
Step:2 Define your dataset
Step:3 Convert locality into dummy variables
Step:4 Separate features and target variables.
Step:5 Initialize the Linear Regression Model
Step:6 Test the accuracy of model
Step:7 Make predictions
Result:
Ex. No Date
Logistic Regression
5
Aim:
Algorithm:
Program:
Step:1 Import necessary libraries
Step:2 Load the dataset
Step:3 Filter for binary classification
Step:4 Split the dataset into features and target variable
Step:5 Split the data into training and testing sets
Step:6 Initialize and train the Logistic Regression model
Step:7 Make predictions on the test set
Step:8 Evaluate the model's performance
Step:9 Display accuracy score
Step:10 Make Predictions
Result:
Ex. No Date
Support Vector Machine (SVM)
6
Aim:
Algorithm:
Program:
Step 1: Import necessary libraries
Step 2: Load the dataset (Iris dataset)
Step 3: Preprocess the data
Step 4: Train and classify using SVM
Step 5: Use KMeans to cluster the data
Step 6: Visualize the results
Result:
Ex. No Date
Decision Tree
7
Aim:
Algorithm:
Program:
Step1: Loading The Data Set
Step2: Calculate the Entropy of Target Variable
Step3: Calculate the information gain of each Attribute
Step4: Find the root node by finding maximum information again
Step5: Displaying the Decision Tree based on Entropy Values
Result:
Ex. No Date
K-Means Clustering
8
Aim:
Algorithm:
Program:
Step 1: Import necessary libraries
Step 2: Load and preprocess the dataset
Step 3: Standardize the data
Step 4: Apply K-means clustering
Step 5: Visualize the clusters
Result:
Ex. No Date
Naive Bayes Theorem
9
Aim:
Algorithm:
Program:
Step 1: Import Libraries
Step 2: Create Sample Dataset
Step 3: Converting Categorical value
Step 4: Defining Features and label
Step 5: Splitting the dataset
Step 6: Initialize the Gaussian Naïve Bayes model
Step 7: Making Prediction on test
Step 8: Calculating Accuracy
Step 9: Predict the Class Labels
Result:
Ex. No Date
Hidden Markov Model
10
Aim:
Algorithm:
Program:
Step:1 Import the libraries
Step:2 Generate synthetic data with two hidden states
Step:3 Train the HMM Model
Step:4 Predict the Hidden States
Step:5 Visualize the results
Step:6 Display learned parameters
Result:
Ex. No Date
Bagging and boosting
11
Aim:
Algorithm:
Program:
Step:1 Import the necessary libraries
Step:2 Load the Iris Dataset
Step:3 Initialize the Bagging Classifier
Step:4 Visualize the Confusion Matrix for Bagging
Step:5 Initialize the Gradient Boosting Classifier
Step:6 Compare accuracies of Bagging and Boosting
Result:
Ex. No Date
Reinforcement Learning
12
Aim:
Algorithm:
Program:
Step:1 Import necessary libraries (NumPy, random, Matplotlib).
Step:2 Define a Grid World class to simulate a 5x5 grid with obstacles. The agent
(robot) must navigate from the top-left to the bottom-right corner, avoiding obstacles.
Step:3 Define the Q-learning agent class, where the agent learns the optimal actions
using the Q-learning algorithm. It maintains a Q-table to store the expected future
rewards for each state-action pair.
Step:4 Initialize the environment and obstacles, and train the Q-learning agent over
multiple episodes. The agent learns to navigate the grid by updating its Q-values after
each action.
Step:5 Visualize the agent's learned path, showing how the robot navigates the grid
from start to goal while avoiding obstacles.
