5G
Essentials
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Learning Outcomes
Gain knowledge of the historical development
Understanding the Evolution from 2G to 5G, highlighting the key milestones,
of Wireless Networks: improvements in data speeds, and technological
advancements in each generation.
Learn about the critical distinctions between 4G
Key Differences
and 5G, including enhancements in speed,
Between 4G and 5G: latency, bandwidth, and network efficiency, as well
as 5G’s impact on various industries.
Understand the core technologies that make up
Comprehending 5G Core 5G, including 5G New Radio (NR), spectrum
Components and Architecture: bands (FR1, FR2), network functions, protocol
stacks, Quality of Service (QoS), and call flows
within the architecture.
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Recognize the different service verticals enabled
Exploring 5G Service by 5G (eMBB, URLLC, mMTC, V2X) and their
Verticals and Use Cases: potential use cases, including smart cities,
industrial automation, and autonomous vehicles.
Understand key technologies that enable 5G,
Diving into 5G Enabling such as network slicing, multi-access edge
computing (MEC), orchestration, and innovations
Technologies:
like Network in a Box (NIBs) and 5G Lab as a
Service (LaaS).
Explore the concept of Open RAN, its transition
Open RAN and Its Evolution: from traditional RAN, and the role of organizations
like the O-RAN Alliance and the Telecom Infra
Project (TIP) in transforming the radio access
network landscape.
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Gain insight into the expected features and KPIs
Looking Towards 6G and of 6G, including the role of AI and machine
learning in future networks and the potential for
Future Networks:
even faster speeds, ultra-low latency, and broader
connectivity.
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Table Of Content
Introduction 5G concept
What’s new in 5G?
and its use cases
Way forward to 6G? Introduction of Open RAN?
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5G Overview
1. 5G Concept & Use Cases:
• 5G offers ultra-fast speeds, low latency, and massive connectivity for
IoT, smart cities, autonomous vehicles, and AR/VR.
2. Evolution of Wireless Networks:
• 2G (voice), 3G (mobile data), 4G (high-speed internet), 5G (fast, low-
latency, massive device support).
3. 4G vs 5G:
• 5G is faster, with lower latency and supports more devices than 4G.
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4. 3GPP Evolutions (R99 to R17):
• 3GPP defines mobile network standards; R99 to R17 enhances capacity and
introduces advanced features.
5. Mobile Connection Saturation:
• 5G tackles network congestion and supports massive IoT connectivity.
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Key 5G Technologies
1. 5G Technology:
• Spectrum: Frequency bands used for communication
• 5G Bands (FR1 & FR2): FR1 (sub-6 GHz) for coverage; FR2
(mmWave) for speed.
• 5G NR: Radio technology for faster connections.
• Core Network Evolution: Virtualized and cloud-based for flexibility.
2. 5G Architecture:
• Network Functions: User-plane, control-plane, and management-plane.
• QoS, Protocol Stacks, Call Flows: Ensures performance, service
reliability, and efficient connection management.
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• IMS, Telco Cloud: Multimedia services and virtualized infrastructure.
• Deployment Models: SA and NSA configurations.
8. 5G Service Verticals:
• eMBB, URLLC, mMTC, V2X: High-speed mobile, low-latency, massive
IoT, and vehicle communication.
9. 5G Enabling Technologies:
• Massive MIMO, Beamforming, Network Slicing, Edge Computing:
High-performance network features.
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What’s New in 5G?
1. Network Slicing:
• Creates virtual networks tailored to specific needs.
2. MEC:
• Brings computing closer to the user for lower latency.
3. Orchestration:
• Automated management of network resources.
4. NIBs/NIABs:
• Compact, self-contained network solutions with opportunities for rapid deployment.
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5. 5G Lab as a Service (LaaS):
• Provides a testing environment for 5G technology and applications.
6. 5G Private Networks:
• Dedicated networks for enterprises, offering control and security.
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Open RAN Introduction
1. Open RAN Overview:
• Open RAN is a flexible, open-standard approach to radio access networks.
2. Journey from Traditional to Open RAN:
• Transition from proprietary to open, interoperable hardware and software.
3. MEC & O-RAN:
• Combining MEC and O-RAN for efficient edge computing.
4. O-RAN Alliance & TIP:
• Collaboration for open, interoperable radio access network solutions.
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5. Open RAN Challenges & Opportunities:
• Challenges: Integration complexity, security concerns.
• Opportunities: Cost-efficiency, vendor flexibility.
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Way Forward to 6G
1. 6G Expectations:
• Extremely fast speeds, ultra-low latency, and integration of AI/ML.
2. 6G KPI Expectations:
• Key performance indicators include higher data rates, ultra-reliability, and
seamless connectivity.
3. AI/ML in 6G:
• AI/ML will drive autonomous network management, predictive analytics,
and intelligent decision-making in future networks.
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