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Integer Properties Formulas

The document outlines key formulas and properties related to integers, including definitions of integers, even and odd rules, divisibility rules, prime factorization, GCF and LCM, properties of zero and one, and concepts of remainders and modular arithmetic. These principles are crucial for solving number theory and integer property problems, particularly in standardized tests like the GMAT. It serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the fundamental aspects of integers.

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paritosh9singh
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18 views2 pages

Integer Properties Formulas

The document outlines key formulas and properties related to integers, including definitions of integers, even and odd rules, divisibility rules, prime factorization, GCF and LCM, properties of zero and one, and concepts of remainders and modular arithmetic. These principles are crucial for solving number theory and integer property problems, particularly in standardized tests like the GMAT. It serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding the fundamental aspects of integers.

Uploaded by

paritosh9singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Key Formulas and Properties of Integers

1. Definitions:

- Integers: {..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}

- Even integers: divisible by 2 (e.g., -4, 0, 2)

- Odd integers: not divisible by 2 (e.g., -3, 1, 5)

- Prime numbers: integers > 1 with only two positive divisors: 1 and itself

- Composite numbers: integers > 1 that are not prime

2. Even and Odd Rules:

- Even ± Even = Even

- Odd ± Odd = Even

- Even ± Odd = Odd

- Even x Any = Even

- Odd x Odd = Odd

3. Divisibility Rules:

- Divisible by 2: ends in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8

- Divisible by 3: sum of digits divisible by 3

- Divisible by 5: ends in 0 or 5

- Divisible by 6: divisible by both 2 and 3

- Divisible by 9: sum of digits divisible by 9

4. Prime Factorization:

- Every integer > 1 is either a prime or a product of primes

- Use factor trees to break numbers into primes


5. GCF and LCM:

- GCF (Greatest Common Factor): product of lowest powers of common primes

- LCM (Least Common Multiple): product of highest powers of all primes

- For two numbers a and b: GCF x LCM = a x b

6. Properties of Zero and One:

- 0 is even, but not positive or negative

- 1 is neither prime nor composite

- 0 x any number = 0

- Any number raised to the power 0 = 1 (except 0^0 is undefined)

7. Remainders and Modular Arithmetic:

- If a = bq + r, then r is the remainder when a is divided by b (0 <= r < b)

- a equivalent to b (mod n) means a and b leave the same remainder when divided by n

These are essential for solving number theory and integer property problems on standardized tests

like the GMAT.

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