Name Cavall benittt Period Red Date 0:15/85
perild
NOTES: 1970s Presidents note set#24
President Richard Nixon 1969-1974
Nixon's Domestic Policy
** Domestic Policy=_ P o l i c i e s a f t e r t i l y i t u S / t i E
? Richard Nixon, a _ , moved the US in a more
direction.
? Nixon el'" hated _many of LBJ's Great Society programs and gave those
federal funds to state and local governments to be lide how to spend the money.
? He promised a " factua to normalcy " after the turbulent 1960s.
Nixon And the ironment day
is created
1970 - Clean A r r is passed; opposed by Nixon; established
emissions standards for factories and automobiles
1972 - Clean u n s e a c t _; restricted discharge of pollutants into U.S. lakes and
rivers
The Environmatay pintection agency (EPA) was created; it sets air
and water pollution standards.
The Encarrorred sPecies was passed in 1973.
This law requires the Fish & Wildlife Service to list species of plants and animals that
are threatened with Extinction
It also requires the government to protect these species.
(1972) pestilial _is banned (DDT)
Rachel Carson, a marine biologist, argued that it damaged wildlife in her book
DDT saved 25 million lives world wide by killing disease-spreading pests, virtually eliminating
and t y p h u s in third world countries
When it was banned - d e a t h Traces among humans began to rise again
? Equal Rights for Women?
? In 1923, the National Woman's Party proposed the equal rights
Amencher
In 1972, the amendment was finally approved by Congress and sent to the states for
ratification, but
Conservative activist Platis sinfafly opposed the ERA, thinking it
would reduce the rights of wives and harm family life (draftno more alimony etc)
? Schlafly claimed itwould deprive women of ther i g h t ' t o b e
SUPPorte protected _' by men.
? Didn't get enough votes to be ratified! 2
Equal Education Setbacks
? Remember Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas(1954) ended segregation in public
schools
?? _(transporting students to schools outside their neighborhoods to achieve
greater racial balance) was created to ensure desegregation and was upheld as constitutional
in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education (1971)
Name Date
° Many whites removed their children from public schools " White fights , Basically
a legal loophole for people to self-segregate by attending private schools
2. Nixon's Foreign Policy
** Foreign policy= _ How to deal with other countries
? Nixon Opens China
o In 1972, Nixon became the first American president to visit Chimer
? A strong anti-communist, Nixon wanted to create a more flexible situation in
to put more pressure on North Vietnam to end the war.
Refan ill China was one of Nixon's greatest foreign policy
achievements as it R a t u r e d t e n t i o n s _between the United States
and China. ("Ping pong diplomacy)
? Détente with USSR
? Nixon sought a policy of detente (a relaxing of tensions) with the Soviets; he
believed this would help to halt the build-up ofH U L L E T weapons.
? In 1972, Nixon became the first President to visit _ Moscow
? Nixon and Soviet leaders signed the _ s t r a t e g i c a r m s T r u i t a t i a n
Treaty (SALT |), limiting development of defensive missile systems. Helped to reduce
the arms race.
? Nixon's Vice Presidents- The start of the Watergate scandal
? Nixon had used a campaign slogan of a return to law and order, but the American
people soon learned Nixon's own government was corrupt.
? Vice-President Spiro agmenresigh when it was found he took bribes while
governor of Maryland.
? Underthe 25÷4 -, Nixon appointed Gerald Ford as his new VP.
? Ford would later become the ouly presid not elected by the people of
the USA.
? The Watergate Scandal
o In 1972, former CIA agents working for Nixon's re-election committee were caught
breaking into the headquarters of the Democratic Party in the unbergakf
C o M p l e x _in Washington, DC.
o Two inuestigatin _ reporters exposed the link between Nixon and the
Watergate burglars.
? Pres. Nixon attempted to Cour UP the investigation on the grounds that it
involved national security.
? Under oath, a Nixon aide stated Nixon was a part of the Watergate cover-up.
? Nixon had R e l e r d . c _all of his White House conversations and the Senate
wanted to listen to them, but Nixon refused claiming execute privilase.
? United States v. Nixon (1974) - the Supreme Court ordered Nixon to turn over the
tapes, proving that no one is above the law.
? When the ' NiXo tapes were released, they revealed Nixon had lied
about his involvement in a cover-up and had even deleted portions of tapes.
? The House of Representatives moved to _iupeach (remove from office) Nixon.
Name Period Date
? Fearing removal from office, Nixon became the 15 President to Resian.
? The Impact of Watergate
? First time a President R e s i g n o
? Lowered public ConF dure in the government, again.... (LBJ - Vietnam)
? Showed Presidential r e u n gave opportunity for ales
? Proved our government is based on laws and the system of check & balances _kores.
o Strengthened role of the press in informing public (muckraking).
? Congress passed new laws to lim?k Presidential powers.
President Gerald Ford 1974-1977
1. Ford's Presidency - Highlights
? When Nixon resigned, _gerald Ford became the next President.
? He was Speaker of the House and had been _a POTLER by Nixon after VP
Spiro Agnew had been forced to resign.
? He is the only President not elected by the people!
? One of Ford's first acts as President was to [Link] Nixon for any crimes. The pardon
was not popular!
? Pres. Ford's main worries were econtric ones.
- means rising prices and is usually associated with economic
growth and eMployme
sta. flation - is inflation but with _L i g h
UNenRoyund
During the Ford Presidency stax flat fl drove our economy.
? Ford and the Energy Crisis
? In the 1960s, _ OPEC was formed by several oil producing nations located
mostly in the Middle East.
O P E L _ = Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
? In 1973, OPEC used oil as a by placing an oil
embarto on the USA & Western Europe for supporting Israel in a Middle East
war.
? Overnight the price of gas shot _Uf !
? Even after the war ended, OPEC continued with high oil prices, making them trick
and costing us increased prices for fuel and electricity.
President Jimmy Carter 1977-1981
1. Carter's Domestic Policy
? Phant Carte a b r o c r a t _ from Georgia, was elected in 1976.
? He promised to ' 1lean UP ' Washington and end._ C o r r u f t i a -
? and rising oil prices continued under Carter.
? The continued dependence on foreign i and rising gas prices forced Carter to create the
? Debates broke out over balancing the costs and benefits of environmental regulations
? The - CouMurity - Reintestrent act required banks to make loans
available in low income, minority communities. ? More on back
Name Period Date
L o u can is declared a federal disaster area by President Carter
Their community was built on top of at o k i e w a s t e d u p
toxins had leaked into groundwater sources and created health threats for the
community
Nuclear energy v. fuel debate emerges
???? accident (Harrisburg, Penn.)
nuclear reactor overheats and low levels of radiation leak out
the reactor was closed and the leaks were sealed
60 nuclear power plants were shut down or abandoned
? no nuclear facility has been built in the U.S. since 1973
2. Carter's Foreign Policy
? Carter wanted the US to set a m e r y example for the world; he made
rights a high priority.
? Due to his reputation as a human rights advocate, Carter was awarded the _ utte
Perce in 2002
? Pres. Carter signed a deal with Panama returning control of the parana consel
to Panama in the year 2000.
? Because _FauP- and Israel had fought several wars since the creation of
Israel in 1948, Pres. Carter arranged a secret meeting between Egypt's leader Gra
sadeo and Israel's leader Menachen ?? ???
? These face to face negotiations produced the c o m p d a v i d A c c o r d s
ending 30 years of war between the two nations.
? Carter continued with Nixon's policy of détente with the USSR, until 1979 when the Soviet
Union invaded Afghanistan. Carter then stopped selling grain to the Soviets and the US
Toy cott the 1980 _ d y m p i c _held in Moscow.
? The Iran Hostage Crisis
The s h a b of Iran was an ally of the US; however he was also a brutal dictator.
o In 1978, the Shah was Ourthrown _ by the Ayatollah Khomeini
and radical religious leaders who were hostile to the US.
o In 1979, the Shah entered the USA for medi cal treatment, sparking riots in Iran.
? Two weeks later, Iranian. studentS seized 42 staff members of the American
Embassy in Tehran, Iran.
o These ' horass - would be held for over a year (444 days).
? Pres. Carter staged a rescul _ attempt, but it failed.
? America's (and Carter's) _ raft suffered because of our inability to free the
hostages.
? They remained captive until K o r r l d R e a g a n
was inaugurated as President
in 1981.
