Spain’s control of her

newly found territories

Control
Prepared by: Calesha Moodie-Morgan
Political Control
 General Objectives

Know the types of control that Spain used on her colonies in the
New World
Have a better understanding of each control implemented in the
colonies
Specific Objectives

OBJECTIVES List at least three colonies that Spain colonized in the Americas

Determine three types of control implemented by Spain in her

colonies
Explain each type of control

Outline the function of the Council of the Indies

OBJECTIVES CONT

State what is the Council of the Indies

Explain how the council of the Indies was organized

Identify the different system of checks that were instituted by the

crown.
Countries colonized by Spain

Puerto
Hispaniola Jamaica
Rico

Cuba Mexico Trinidad

Types of control
• Political
• Economic
• Social
Task
1. When was the council of the Indies Organized?
2. Who constituted the Council of the Indies?
3. What were functions of the Council of the Indies?
Political Control
• Council of the Indies
• Viceroyalties
• Cabildo
 When was the Council of the Indies
organized? 1511

Who was in charge? KING

Answer the
following: Who constituted the Council of the
Indies?

What were the functions?

Functions of the Council of the Indies
• Administrative function
• Political function
• Commercial function
• Judicial function
Match the function of the council of the Indies to
the Explanation.
FUNCTIONS EXPLANATIONS

Commercial Appoint colonial officers and collect colonial revenues

Administrative Ensure rules set by the crown are carried out and
subjects are obedient

Judicial They were in charge of civil, military, commercial and

ecclesiastical affairs

Political Control trading matters

Match the function of the Council of the
Indies to the Explanation.
FUNCTIONS EXPLANATIONS

Commercial Appoint colonial officers and collect colonial revenues

Administrative Ensure rules set by the crown are carried out and subjects are obedient

Judicial They were in charge of civil, military, commercial and ecclesiastical affairs

Political Control trading matters

 1. Name the first two viceroyalties in the
new world.

Read Page 48 2.
3.
Who was the head of the viceroyalty?
What was the purpose of the viceroy?
of text and 4. What was the purpose of the Residencia?
complete the 5. In what way does the Visitador shows a
limit on the viceroy authority?
following: 6. How was the viceroy undermined by the
Audiencia/ Audencia?
 Viceroyalty
Viceroy
Residencia
Vocabulary
Visitador
(find the Audiencia
definition for Cabildos
the following: Regidores
Alcades Mayores
Alcades Ordinarios
Corregidor
Oidores
 • To control military affairs and policy
• Organize the running of their region
• To ensure that laws were obey and
rebellions suppressed
Purpose of • Appoint governors in the provinces and
the viceroy? alcaldes in the towns
• Develop the territory and administer the
industries
• Supervise the collection of taxes
• Commander in chief of the army
 • Residencia – A BRIEF INQUIRY INTO THE
GOVERNOR’S TERM IN OFFICE BY HIS SUCCESSOR.
FOR EXAMPLE, BOBADILLA CONDUCTED A
RESIDENCIA IN CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
GOVERNORSHIP AND OVANDO INTO BOBADILLA.
• Visitador – AN OFFICIAL FROM SPAIN WHO CHECK
They were? TO ENSURE THAT THE GOVERNOR WAS NOT USING
HIS POSITION FOR HIS OWN PROFIT. (ARRIVED

Systems of UNANNOUNCED)
• Visita – FORMAL ENQUIRY CARRIED OUT BY AN
checks OFFICIAL FROM SPAIN DURING THE GOVERNOR OR
VICEROY’S TERM IN OFFICE.
• Audencia – THIS WAS LIKE A TRAVELLING LAW
COURT. ITS JOB WAS TO CHECK ON THE GOVERNOR
OR VICEROY. THE MEMBERS WERE CALLED
OIDORES.
Similarities & Differences with the Residencia
& Visita
Similarity Difference
• Done by officials • One is announced (Residencia)
• Both are formal enquiries • One is not announced (Visita)
• Both are systems of check • One is done during (Visita)
• One is done after (Residencia)
 • Due to the size of the Empire there was a
need for a powerful figure to represent
the King of Spain.
• In 1535 the Viceroyalty of New Spain was
established. The Viceroy was to control all
the territories bordering the Caribbean
and the Gulf of Mexico. This include
Viceroyalties Mexico, Central America, the West Indies,
Columbia and Venezuela (The Pacific
coast of Darien was not included).
• In 1551 the Viceroyalty of Peru (New
Castile) was founded. This consisted of all
South America except Columbia and
Venezuela.
 • The Empire was divided into 4
viceroyalties
• New Spain, Peru, Rio de la Plata
and New Granada
• La Plata (Northern South
Viceroyalties America- Panama, Columbia,
Ecuador and Venezuela)
• New Granada (Argentina,
Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia)
Draw a hierarchy of the Political Control of Spain
in her colonies
Council of
the Indies
Viceroy

Cabildo
political Control
Council of the
Indies

Viceroyalty

Cabildo
Answer the following:
1. What was the Cabildo?
2. What were the name given to members of the Cabildo?
3. True/ False members of the Cabildo were paid?
4. What were the five functions of the Cabildo in the colonies?
5. Who were the head of local government?
6. Who was appointed to look after towns and villages?
7. Who check the work of the cabildo?
 • Distribute lands
• Fixing local market price
• Imposed local taxes
Functions of • Maintain local defense and police
the Cabildo • Looking after roads and hospitals
Crossword Puzzle
Clues

•Across
•1. Checked the work of the cabildo
•2. Local government

•Down
•1. Examined the work of officials
•2. One who arrived unannounced
•3. A brief inquiry on a governor
•4. Representative of the monarch
Spain’s Control of her
newly found colonies
Economic
Objectives
1. State what is the House of Trade
2. Explain how the house of Trade was organized (page 53)
3. Determine the functions of the House of Trade
4. Describe the convoy system
5. State what was the Guarda Costas, Armadillas and
Asiento
6. Assess the effectiveness of Spain’s economic means of
control
 1. When was the House of Trade established?
2. What was the purpose of the House of
Trade?
Read Pages 3. Where was the House of Trade
established?
52-54 of 4. State the purposes of the
Amerindians a. Treasurer
to Africans b. Comptroller
c. Business Manager
5. State six functions of the Casa de
Contratacion.
Casa de Contratacion

• To enforce Spain’s monopoly

• Set up at Seville in 1503
• Later move to Cadiz 1718
• Department of the Council of the Indies
• Regulated Spanish shipping throughout the age of mercantilism
• Idea was to have bullion (gold and silver) to flow into the country to make it richer
and more powerful.
• Insisted that all traffic between the New World and Spain must be in the hand of
the Spaniards
• Using the authority given by the Pope and quoting the Treaty of Tordesillas, the
House of trade forbade all foreign merchants to enter the empire
Function of the House of Trade (Casa de
Contratacion
• Organize and supervise the commercial and financial affairs of the empire
• To handle all good to and from the New World
• To send ships to the Indies and to licence (Asiento) and register them
• To register all emigrants to the New World
• To act as a maritime court on all matters of navigation and commerce
• To advice the crown through the Council of the Indies on political and
economic questions
• To collect duties on trade
• Navigation and maps
 • Too many responsibilities
Problems • Ships were raided and captured (Protection)
• Attack of the Privateers from other countries.
Pedro • Convoy System

Menendez • Flota
• Galleones Armada

de Aviles
Who is Pedro
Menendez de Aviles?
• He devised a regular convoy system to organize the
trade which began to operate in the 1560s

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

Convoy System

Afterabout 1540 Spanish vessels sailed in a The second the Galleons left in August and
group or a convoy for the protection of their separated. One year later, in May or March, they
individual cargo and each other all left for Spain, from Havana.

1540 August

May

The first , the flota, left in May and split up in the

West Indies as ships carried out their particular
business. They reassembled and began wait in
Havana, in February, for the second group
 Map of the Caribbean.
[Link]
ntrys/[Link]
 Ports in the Caribbean

Santo
Havana Vera Cruz
Domingo

Nombre Porto
Cartagena
de Dios Bello
 Settlers complain that needs were not
adequately met

Temptation to trade with interlopers

(John Hawkins from England)

Pirates captured stragglers who became

Problems separated from the convoy

In 1628 a whole fleet was lost (Dutch Piet

Hein trapped the Flota near Havana)

Ports were attacked for booty.

Guarda Costas

• These ships patrolled the coastline

to prevent unlawful entry. They
were too few to be effective.
Important Coastal cities were
heavily fortified to deter would be
interlopers. Santo Domingo,
Havana and Cartagena had strong
defense systems.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

 Armadilla
Fast ships which constantly patrolled the area as convoys passed through the
Caribbean waters.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Asiento

• This license was issued by the

house of trade to bring slaves
into the colonies. The Asiento
specified the number of slaves
to be brought in each year.
However, after the demand
grew for slaves there were many
willing to risk slave special
church court was also
established from trading
without this license.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
Nation in control of the Asiento
• Portugal 1515 - 1600
• Dutch 1600 – 1670
• France 1670 – 1713
• Britain 1713 – 1807

• Asiento – license to the Spanish and the Portuguese to trade African

slaves.
 HRYESE

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Social CITAHRWFTC

Control TIQOIUNNIIS

(Unscrambl ITESPR

e words OUCRT

SEAKT
puzzle) MONNCUMOTAXICEI

CHCHUR
 1. Define the
2. Determine at least
concepts: heresy,
five roles of the
blasphemy, witchcraft,
church in society
inquisition and stake.

3. Determine the role

4. Infer what was the
Objectives of the priest and the
churchmen.
reformation.

5. Assess the function 6. Evaluate the role of

of the court of the church as a means
inquisition of social control
 Heresy-
Blasphemy-
Witchcraft-
Inquisition-
Define the Priest
following: Court
Stake
Excommunicate
Church
Watch video and answer the following:
• What was the inquisition?
• What were some of the punishments given during the time of the
Spanish inquisition?
• What do you think about the inquisition?
• Would you want it to exist today? If no why?
• Was it necessary then?
Role of the
church ?
 • Educate on Christian principles
• Convert to Christianity
• Provide for the poor
Role of the • Counsel the people

Church • Gave out books [Link] books

• Establish Schools
• Educate people on morals
Read the text and write the Roles of the
following:
Priest Churchmen
• Preach to the people of their God • They were educated people
• Hear people confession of sins • Wrote books
• Grant pardon for the dying • Checked/ kept records
• Moral leaders • Gave advice and encourage good
• Persuade men to obey the law behaviour
• Bring Christianity to the • Teachers and leaders of shools
Amerindians. (principal)
• Government officials
• Ensure that the right books were
circulated.
What was the Reformation about?
Reformation
• Change
• The time when Humanist and Protestants were challenging many of
the ideas of the Catholic Church and even the authority of the Pope.
• Latin should no longer be the language of religion
• Individuals should read the bible for themselves
• Decide for themselves who they want to believe and worship
How did the church
respond to the
Reformation?
Response to the Reformation
Use the bible to
determine
immoral
behaviour
Killed persons excommunicated

Books would be
Severe checked,
punishment responses censored some
would be burnt
Recap
 • Preach
Purpose of • Hear confession of sins
• Grant pardon to the dying
the Church • Bring Christianity to Amerindians
Priest/ • Moral leadership
churchmen • Persuade men to obey the law
 • Educated
• Administration
• Writing and keeping records
• Teachers
• Determine the books that should be circulated in
the empire
• Keep out humanist and Protestants people who

Churchmen believe that Latin should no longer be the

language of religion should believe what they
want.
• Checked, censored and books forbidden books
• Court that dealt with spiritual matters such as
religious faith, lies, blasphemy, marriages,
legacies, contracts and pledges
• Punishment was sometimes excommunication
•
 Define the concepts: heresy, blasphemy, witchcraft, inquisition and
Define stake.

Determine Determine at least five roles of the church in society

Determine Determine the role of the priest and the churchmen.

o
OBJECTIVES Infer Infer what was the reformation.

Assess Assess the function of the court of inquisition

Evaluate Evaluate the role of the church as a means of social control

[Link]
lpKNo

[Link]
MXL0w (watch first)
Watch video and answer the following:
• What was the inquisition?
• What were some of the punishments given during the time of the
Spanish inquisition?
• What do you think about the inquisition?
• Would you want it to exist today? If no why?
• Was it necessary then?
Complete reading
handout under social
on Inquisition in
google classroom
then share what you
have learnt on
inquisition.
Court of • Terrifying instrument, ruthless
and savage

Inquisition • Existed several hundred years and

aimed to wipe out heresy. Those
who deviate from the true belief
1569 of the church. To be burnt alive
for witchcraft was not

(Spanish uncommon. It protected the

monarchy and the church.
• Dealt fiercely with protestants,
Empire) illegal traders, pirates and disloyal
Spaniards
Take a look!!!
[Link]
[Link]
Group Work (Role of the Church on the
treatment of the Indians)/
1. Groups will be assigned based on register
2. Topics issued
1. Laws of Burgos
2. New treatment of the indians
3. Montesinos
4. Bartholomew de las Casas