Maharashtra State Board of Technical

Education, Mumbai.
Government Polytechnic, Dharashiv

-Diploma in Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering.

Academic Year : 2024 – 25.
A
Micro - Project Report
On :-

“ Concept of 5R . ”
Submitted By -
Roll Enrollment Student name
No. No.
15. 23510250514 Dani Siddhi Sumant
16. 23510250515 Deshmukh Ishwari Sanjay
17. 23510250516 Deshmukh Kirti Atul
18. 23510250517 Deshpande Gaurav Suhas
19. 23510250518 Dete Aryan Amol
21. 23510250520 Gadekar Aditya Ankush
22. 23510250521 Gaikwad Anushka Ashok

ELECTROICS & TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERIG.

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 CERTIFICATE
Certified that this Micro Project Report

“ Concept of 5R ”
Is the work of

Roll Enrollment Student name Signature

No. No.
15. 23510250514 Dani Siddhi Sumant
16. 23510250515 Deshmukh Ishwari Sanjay
17. 23510250516 Deshmukh Kirti Atul
18. 23510250517 Deshpande Gaurav Suhas
19. 23510250518 Dete Aryan Amol
21. 23510250520 Gadekar Aditya Ankush
22. 23510250521 Gaikwad Anushka Ashok

The students of Semester : Fourth.

Subject Name :- Environmental Education & Sustainability ( EES – 314301 )
of Diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering 2024 -25.
This report is partial fulfillment for the award of the Micro Project, Diploma in
Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering by MSBTE, Mumbai.
Guide Name :- Ms. Gadekar P. L.
Date & Sign :-

S. R. Panke S. L. Andhare
HOD PRINCIPAL

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 INDEX
Sr. Title Page No.
No.
1. Introduction 04
2. Why “5R” 05
3. Reduce 06
4. Reuse 10
5. Recycle 12
6. Recover 16
7. Refuse 17
8. Waste Segregation & Its 18
Importance
9. Measures taken towards 19
Waste Segregation
10. Conclusions 20
11. References 21

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 Introduction
Waste management has become a crucial global issue
due to increasing pollution and environmental
degradation. The 5R principles - Refuse, Reduce, Reuse,
Recover, and Recycle - provide a structured approach to
managing waste effectively. These principles aim to
minimize waste production, conserve resources, and
promote sustainability.
The concept of 5R - Refuse, Reduce, Reuse,
Recover, and Recycle - is a sustainability approach aimed
at minimizing waste and conserving natural resources. It
promotes responsible consumption and waste
management to reduce environmental impact.

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 Why “5r”
➢ Reduces waste disposed off in landfills.
➢ Saves energy and natural resources.
➢ Creates livelihood by recyclable collection.
➢ Wealth recovery.
➢ Recovery of energy, compost, biogas, etc.
➢ Clean environment, less disease.

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 Reduce
❖ Definition :-
Reducing waste means minimizing the amount of waste
generated by consuming fewer resources.
❖ Strategies :-
• Opt for products with minimal packaging.
• Use digital alternatives instead of paper.
• Practice mindful consumption to avoid unnecessary
purchases.
• Think before purchasing, buy only necessities.
• Buy durable products.
• Avoid single use items.
• Use less energy consuming electronics.
❖ Benefits ;-
• Lowers pollution levels.
• Conserves natural resources.
• Reduces landfill waste.

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❖ How can we Reduce ?
o Buying goods in returnable and recyclable containers.
o Learning where you can take items to be recycled; then showing
your support by recycling.
o Reading labels and learning more about the contents in household
products. Try not to purchase items with harmful ingredients.
o Letting store managers and manufacturers who are making good
environmental choices know that you recognize and appreciate
their efforts.
o Requesting larger quantities and sizes of products by introducing a
bulk buying section for grains, pasta, and other dry goods.
o Using consumer hotlines provided as a service by many food
companies. Explain the need for environmental shopping and why
you support it. Companies are very interested in how their products
are perceived by consumers.
o Keep a reusable mug, plate, or silverware at your desk or in your
office.
o Use a water filter and reusable bottles instead of buying bottled
water.
• Ask manufacturers to consider these areas when designing
packaging:
o Plan for recyclability, both in design and material choice.
o Eliminate excessive packaging.
o Have more reusable or refillable packages.
o Use creative thinking to find less wasteful solutions to theft
prevention and shelf marketing.
o Substitute non-toxic pigments and stabilizers.
o Design plastics for return and refill.
o Concentrate on the best and most efficient methods for minimizing
the generation of waste.
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❖ Select Durable Items :-
Select products that are durable, easy to repair, have good warranties,
are energy efficient, functional and nonpolluting in both manufacture
and use. Disposable items such as plastic plates, polystyrene cups,
razors, pens, cameras, watches and other items all end up in the landfill.
Invest in durable materials that you can use over and over again such as
using cloth for napkins.
Some throw-away items that cause concern include:
• Disposable razors: Annually, more than 2 billion disposable razors
were bought in the US alone. Today's disposable razors, made
from plastic and steel can occupy space in the landfill for many
years. Invest in a quality razor and change the blade or use an
electric razor.
• Disposable diapers: Disposable diapers are made of an outer layer
of waterproof polypropylene plastic. Sandwiched in between the
plastic and water repellent liner is a thick layer of absorbent cotton-
like material made from wood pulp. It is estimated that 75,000
metric tons of plastic and 1,265,000 tons of wood pulp are used
every year to make disposable diapers in the U.S. About 5 million
tons of dirty diapers are buried in landfills in the U.S. each year
and consumers spend at least $100 million annually to dispose of
these.
• Batteries: Certain kind of batteries are recyclable; however, many
find their way into landfills or into incinerators where they should
not be. Shop for the longest lasting batteries or rechargeable ones.
Often batteries can be traded in when a new battery is purchased
as batteries create a problem in disposal.

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• Tires: Several million tires are discarded each year in the India.
You can help to reduce this amount by buying high-mileage tires
and by maintaining proper air pressure in your tires. Remember to
check tire pressure every other time you fill your fuel tank.
• Paper products Minimize the use of paper towels, paper plates and
napkins. Invest in cloth napkins for everyday use and use reusable
wiping cloths, towels and plates rather than paper "throw aways."

❖ Support Reduction :-
o Buy Recycled Materials: No material is truly recycled until it is
brought back into productive use in manufacturing and production.
Consumer preference for products made from recycled materials
can help "close the recycling loop" by increasing demand for
collected recyclables. Look for a recycling symbol.
o Buy Goods That Can Be Recycled: Buy products in containers that
can be recycled. If a product such as cooking oil or peanut butter
is sold in a recyclable container such as glass and a similar container
in a non-recyclable material, select the one that is most recyclable.
o Use Appropriate Technologies: Use appropriate technologies,
whenever possible, such as solar power to dry clothes and heat
water, or "human" power to open cans or brush teeth. Recycle and
cut back on items that use up non-renewable resources.
o Reduce Toxic Chemical Use: In minimizing the amount of toxic
chemicals in the home, substitute less toxic commercial products
or make your own less toxic cleaning materials. Substitute manual
pump spray containers rather than using aerosols. They are less
expensive and the bottles can be refilled and used over and over.
Home remedies can be prepared that will save money and reduce
the need for costly disposal of household hazardous waste.

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 Reuse
• Definition :-
Reusing refers to finding new ways to use old products
instead of throwing them away.
• Strategies :-
• Use refillable bottles and bags.
• Donate clothes, furniture, and electronics.
• Repurpose household items creatively.
• Slowly replace any single use items with reusable ones
– like reusable bottles and mugs.
• Reuse packaging material ( boxes, inserts, cartons )
• Reuse printer cartridges and have them refilled.
• Benefits :-
• Saves money and energy.
• Reduces manufacturing demand.
• Extends the lifespan of products.

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❖ Methods of Reusing :-
o Containers can be reused at home or for school projects
o Reuse wrapping paper, plastic bags, boxes and lumber.
o Give outgrown clothing to friends or a charity.
o Buy beverages in returnable containers.
o Try repair before you consider replacing lawn mowers, tools, vacuum
cleaners, and TVs.
o Donate broken appliances to charity or a local vocational school
which can use them for art class or for students to practice repairing.
o Offer furniture and household items no longer needed to people in
need, friends, or charity.
o Sheets of paper that have been used on only one side can be used for
note-taking or rough drafts.
o Old, outdated furniture can be reupholstered or slipcovered. Have
padding added to the furniture to give it a new look
o Often the frame can be modified slightly to change the way it looks,
o Old pieces of furniture can be repaired or finished with special
finishes such as splattering, sponging or rag painting which takes very
little time and skill.
o Old towels and sheets can be cut in small pieces and used for dust
cloths.
o Plastic bags and wraps can be used for storing items.
o They can also be used for packing items for mailing.
o Books and magazines can be donated to schools, public libraries or
nursing homes.
o Newspapers can be donated to pet stores. Packing materials such as
polystyrene, plastic quilting and similar packing materials can be saved
and reused for the same purpose.
o If you buy prepared microwaveable dinners, save the plates for use at
outside parties or for children.

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 Recycle
• Definition :-
Recycling involves processing waste materials into new
products to prevent raw material consumption.
• Strategies :-
• Separate waste into recyclable and non-recyclable
categories.
• Support businesses that use recycled materials.
• Participate in community recycling programs.
• Breaks material down to its main component and
produces new products.
• Ex. – Glass, beverage containers, aluminium, steel
cans, newspaper, cardboard, magazines, plastics, lead
– acid batteries.
• Benefits :-
• Reduces pollution caused by waste disposal.
• Saves energy and natural resources.
• Promotes a circular economy.

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❖ What can be Recycled ?
• Paper: Many communities have been recycling newspapers for
years so there are existing established markets. Paper constitutes
about 40% of the volume of residential waste and is one of the
most important items for a community to recycle in order to cut
down on disposal costs and save landfill space. Although most
waste paper goes to paper mills, other industries use it for cereal
boxes, insulation materials, cushioning materials for packing and
ship. Drawbacks are the fluctuation of market prices and the
sludge that must be disposed of after the ink is removed. An
increasing number of states are requiring their government offices
to purchase recycled paper. In a Gallup Poll, eight out of 10
consumers would like the products they buy to be packaged in
recycled paper board. Types of paper that can be recycled to save
landfill space include:
• Newspaper: Stack newspaper in manageable bundles and tie both
ways with twine; or stack inside grocery bags. Do not include junk
mail, telephone books or magazines. Keep the paper clean and
dry.
• Aluminum: More than 90% of all the beer and soft
drink cans are made of aluminum. Aluminum cans are molded
without side seams and are nonmagnetic. To recycle, rinse and
box or bag. Crushing is not necessary, but saves space. Aluminum
foil, pie pans, TV dinner trays and lawn furniture are also
recyclable. Beverage containers with only aluminum tops or
bottoms cannot be mixed with pure aluminum. Twenty
aluminum cans can be made using the same energy it takes to
produce one can from virgin ore. This represents a 95% savings
of energy.

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• Steel (tin) cans: Steel cans, commonly called tin cans
are typically food cans. Food cans make up 37.3% of total can
production. These are generally steel or tin-coated steel and can
be recycled. They are magnetic and have side seams. To recycle,
rinse, remove the label, remove both ends and flatten. The
market for tin cans fluctuates. Recycled tin is especially sought
after in the U.S. since raw tin can only be obtained from foreign
countries.
• Glass: Glass containers make up 20-40% of municipal waste glass
and are the easiest for recycling centers to collect and handle. All
kinds of glass containers-heavy or light, whole or broken-can be
recycled and reused an indefinite number of times. Glass is 100%
recyclable, there are no waste or bi-products. Clear, green and
brown glass are collected in many recycling programs. Broken
glass is accepted as long as it is color separated. Paper labels can
be left on the glass, but aluminum neck rings and caps can be a
problem depending on the recycling equipment being used.
Cullet, or crushed glass, can be used to make new bottles, jars and
other containers. Some other uses for cullet are glassphalt. (a road
paving material), building panels, and terrazzo. While resale value
is low, markets are relatively stable. Recycling centers will not
accept light bulbs, ceramic glass, dishes or plate glass because
these items consist of different materials than bottles and jars.
• Plastic: Two plastics dominate the market: PET (polyethylene
terephthalate) is the primary plastic for soda bottles and HDPE
(high density polyethylene) is the usual component of milk jugs.
Many containers made of plastic are actually made of multiple
layers of different plastics, each one contributing a specific quality
(such as flexibility or transparency) to the final product. These are
extremely difficult to recycle. A coding system significantly aids
efforts to recycle plastics. By weight, plastics constitute about 8%
of the waste system; by volume about 30%.
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• Motor oil: Motor oil never wears out, it only gets dirty. Drain car,
motor cycle, or lawn mower oil into a container with a sealable
lid. Some garages, service stations and some large retailers with
auto shops accept used oil. Once impurities are removed, used oil
can be marketed as re-refined oil or industrial fuel oil.
• Organic waste: Grass clippings, leaves and small branches can be
recycled or managed at home. Using these valuable materials can
save the homeowners energy and serve as a plus in a yard
maintenance program. Old Christmas trees can be recycled,
chipped into mulch and used on the grounds. They can also be
used in arroyos and along streams and rivers as protective barriers
against the damaging effect of wind and water erosion.
• Scrap metals: Aluminum lawn furniture, windows, and
door frames as well as brass, lead, steel, cast iron, nickel and
fixtures and machinery parts can all be recycled. Broken
appliances, copper tubing and old car batteries can also be
recycled.

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 Recover
❖ Definition :-
Recovery involves extracting useful materials or energy
from waste that cannot be recycled.
❖ Strategies :-
• Convert waste into biofuel or energy.
• Compost organic waste to create natural fertilizers.
• Implement waste-to-energy technologies.
• Energy recovery from waste.
• Plastic to Gasoline.
• Anaerobic digestion of organic waste to produce
biogas or aerobic decomposition to make compost.
❖ Benefits :-

• Reduces reliance on fossil fuels.

• Minimizes landfill accumulation.
• Supports renewable energy solutions.

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 Refuse
❖ Definition :-
Refusing means rejecting products and practices that
contribute to waste and environmental harm.
❖ Strategies :-
• Avoid single-use plastics and disposable items.
• Say no to products with excessive packaging.
• Choose eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives.
❖ Benefits :-
• Reduces waste production at the source.
• Encourages sustainable manufacturing.
• Lowers overall carbon footprint.

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❖ Waste Segregation & Its Importance :-
• Waste segregation means separation of waste at source so that it
can reduce following problems:
• Waste segregation is included because it is much easier to recycle.
Effective segregation of wastes means that less waste goes to
landfill, which makes it cheaper and better for people and the
environment. It is also important to segregate for public health. In
particular, hazardous wastes can cause long-term health problems,
so it is very important that they are disposed off correctly and
safely and not mixed in with the normal waste coming out of your
home or office.
• If proper waste segregation is not done, then following bad effects
will happens:
1. For public, health problems arise from the breeding of diseases due
to flies, insects and rats.
2. The health problems are more serious when transfer of pollution to
water, ground water and air takes place.
3. Air pollution causes due to insufficient burning of wastes in. open or
in plants due to improper gaseous effluent removal devices.
4. Mixing of hazardous wastes from industries with municipal wastes
create risks to human health.
5. Danger of concentration of heavy metals in the food chain due to
industrial effluent discharges into drainage system creates danger to
public health.
6. Sanitary workers dealing with municipal solid waste are infected with
gastrointestinal Parasites, worms, etc.
7. The organic fraction of municipal solid waste provides food and
shelter to insects and rodents which causes 22 human diseases due
to improper solid waste management causing adverse impact upon
public health and environmental quality.

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❖ Measures to be taken towards the Segregation of
Recyclable Waste :-
1. . The local body may mobilize NGO's or co-operatives to
take up the work of organizing street rag-pickers and
convert them to door-step waste collectors by motivating
them.
2. The local bodies may actively associate resident
associations, trade and industry associations and NGO's in
creating awareness among the people to segregate
recyclable material at source and hand it over to a
designated identified waste collector.
3. The local body may give priority to the source segregation
of recyclable waste by shops and establishments and later
concentrate segregation at the household level on
4. The upgraded rag-pickers on becoming door-step waste-
collectors, may be given an identity card by the NGO's
organizing them so that they may have acceptability in
society.
5. Keep separate large bins for recyclables near the society.
6. Products and packaging materials should be conspicuously
labelled to indicate recycled content, including post-
consumer content, recyclability, toxicity arid appropriate
disposal.
7. The establishment of stable markets for recycled materials
is essential. Awareness should be created. to promote
procurement of products containing al high content of
recycled and recyclable materials

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 Conclusion
The 5R concept is essential for promoting sustainable living and
environmental conservation. By integrating Reduce, Reuse, Recycle,
Recover, and Refuse into daily life, individuals and businesses can
contribute to a healthier planet and a more sustainable future.
Governments, industries, and communities must work together to adopt
and enforce 5R practices for long-term ecological benefits.
The 5R waste management principles are essential for building a
sustainable future. By refusing unnecessary items, reducing waste
production, reusing materials, repurposing old items, and recycling
properly, individuals and communities can significantly decrease
environmental harm. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work
together to implement these practices and create a cleaner, greener planet.
Waste segregation is not the easiest thing as many make it sound.
Rather, it is the best practice for a cleaner, healthier and greener future.
Due to their ability to segregate wastes in categories properly with an aid of
adequate segregation methods, individuals are able to reduce their
contribution for pollution to a great extent. Separation of waste is a
necessary component to achieve these goals. Some of these environmental
benefits, which cannot be denied, include decreasing amounts of waste in
landfills, improving recyclability, and preventing the creation of pollutants.
So with the advancements in technology and the increase in individuals
who understand the same, the future for waste segregation looks
promising. In the end, every small endeavor brings us closer to a global
movement towards sustainability and makes the world a healthier
environment for our future generations. So, let’s make the practice of waste
segregation a part of our daily life today and conduct ourselves in a way to
make a world that is eco-friendly.

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 References
• “Environmental Education & Sustainability”-
Techknowledge Publications textbook.
• “Environmental Education & Sustainability”- Nirali
Publications textbook.
• https://openai.com.
• www.slideshare.net.
• https://banyannation.com.

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