Identify the important functions of projection lines.

Draw the different types of perspective while observing its proportion.

Although the earth is round, the horizon line appears to us as a clear separation between the ground and the sky.
Usually it is covered by trees, hills, or buildings and we don’t consciously notice it. Only looking at the ocean clearly
shows us the horizon line. The horizon line plays an important role in drawings. It demarcates the ground, which
represents the foundation for us. If we want to convey three-dimensionality, we always need to use this foundation
as a reference.

The horizon line is always at the eye level of the viewer. However, viewers can have different heights, which means
the height of the horizon line will shift. That is why a distinction is made among three different perspectives: The
bird’s-eye view, the normal perspective (based on ourselves), and worm’s-eye view.

This module provides an avenue to answer the following questions:

• Why is it important to study perspective drawing?

• What are the different types of perspective drawing?

DEEPEN YOUR UNDERSTANDING

is a technique used to represent three-dimensional images

on a two-dimensional picture plane. Perspective was developed in the 15th century
by the architects, Leon Baptista Alberti (1404-72) and Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446).
For 500 years, perspective drawing remained one of the basic principles of Western
art until it was challenged by the ideas of the Cubists at the start of the 20th century.
Whether you are working with conventional materials such as pencils and paints or 1. Why is it important to
contemporary digital media, a knowledge and understanding of perspective drawing study perspective
remains an essential tool to help you enhance your drawing technique.
drawing?

It is a view of an object (actual or imagined) as it would be seen by an observer who 2. What are the different
looks at the object either in a chosen direction or from a selected point of view. types of perspective
drawing?

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 this is an imaginary flat surface with length and width but without thickness and it may extend indefinitely in any
direction.
it is the observer’s eye, not the point on the ground where the observer’s stand.
this imaginary flat surface is usually located between station point and the object being viewed and is
ordinarily a vertical plane perpendicular to the horizontal projection of the line of sight to the objects center of interest.
it is imaginary intersection of the sky and the open sea. Any edge or line of an object parallel to the horizon is
considered horizontal.
this is a plane which is in the level with the eye.
the ground is the intersection of the ground plane and the picture.
it is an imaginary horizontal plane which is in level with the observer’s eye and the horizon.
it is the imaginary point or intersection of lines projected from the receding horizontal edges of an
object.

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 one surface of the object is drawn parallel to the picture plane. It has only
vanishing point which is usually located on the horizon.

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no surface of the object is parallel to the picture plane. It has two

vanishing points usually located in the horizon.

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it is projected mechanically in a plane from the view of measurements of the object

presented. Geometrically projected perspective is very similar to the optical system in photography.
 a worm's-eye view is a view of an object from below, as though the observer were a worm. A worm's
eye view commonly uses three-point perspective, with one vanishing point on top, one on the left, and one on the right.
it can be used to look up to something to make an object look tall, strong, and mighty while the viewer
feels child-like or powerless.
A view of the landscape as seen by a person, especially from a specified position.

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The farther an object from our eyes, the smaller it appears.
The farther the color, the lighter it appears.
Theoretically, vertical lines or edges do not vanish in the horizon.
If extended or prolonged, all the horizontal receding lines or edges of an object seem to vanish the horizon.
Equidistant objects on the ground such as lamp posts seem to come closer to each other as they recede from our view.
All horizontal lines or edges below the eye level and receding seem to go up and vanish in the horizon.
All horizontal lines or edges above eye level and receding seem to go down and vanish in the horizon.
All horizontal lines or edges which are not receding remain horizontal in the picture.
Never show hidden lines in perspective. They spoil the view.

Vanishing Point
Vanishing Point to the Left
Vanishing Point to the Right

DRAWING TIME

Illustrate/draw your living room using . You can use any medium.

Place your oslo paper horizontally on your drawing board and secure it using a masking tape.
Use the same format in making border and guidelines from the lesson 1.
Write the needed information following the given format.
Be guided by the following rubrics.

The output was accurately done.

Two to five errors are observed on the output.
Six to ten errors are observed on the output.
No errors made on the output.
Two to three errors are made on the output.
Four or more errors are made on the output.
All information’s are completely indicated and legibly printed.
Information’s are legibly printed but some are missing.
Information’s are legibly printed but some are misspelled.
The output submitted before or on the given time.
The output submitted 1 to 2 days after the given time.
The output submitted 10 days beyond the given time.
 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Write if the statement is correct, if false, change the to make

the statement correct. Write your answer in the space provided below. Write your answer in . (1-10) 2 points each.

In the principles of perspective drawing, the farther an object from our eyes, the it appears.
Worm’s Eye View is a view of an object from as though the observer were a worm.
is a technique used to represent three-dimensional images on a two-dimensional picture
plane.
The is always at the eye level of the viewer.
is projected mechanically in a plane from the view of measurements of the object
presented. Geometrically projected perspective is very similar to the optical system in photography.
In one surface of the object is drawn parallel to the picture plane. It has only vanishing
point which is usually located on the horizon.
Any edge or line of an object parallel to the horizon is considered
can be used to look up to something to make an object look tall, strong, and mighty while the
viewer feels child-like or powerless.
it is the imaginary point or intersection of lines projected from the receding horizontal edges
of an object.
is an imaginary intersection of the sky and the open sea.
 REFERENCES

Acorda, Adelaida V.et al., Basic Drafting, 4626 3-E Valenzuela St., Sta. Mesa Manila, Philippines, Morlanda Publishing

Bernardino, Josephine C., 2005, TLE I, Quezon City, Philippines, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Fulgencio, Maria Gracia A. et al., 2013, Technology and Livelihood Education The New Grade 8, Phoenix Building, 927 Quezon
Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines, Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

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: Mr. Jefrey C. Mendoza

: Mr. Jefrey C. Mendoza

Mrs. Timmy Anne A. Lopez-Garcia

SMALLER
BELOW
TRUE
HORIZON LINE
GEOMETRICAL
PERPECTIVE
TRUE
HORIZONTAL
TRUE
TRUE
HORIZON