TEXT STRUCTURES
DESCRIPTION
Characteristics or details about something.
Signal Words : Think About :
for example characteristics
such as examples
for instance features
looks like
specifically
EXAMPLE:
likes
female
sports
Maddy is seventeen years old. She is female.
She likes sports. Her favorite is softball. She
loves the color yellow. Her favorite food is 17 years
Maddy softball
tacos. She loves her dog, Buster. old
tacos yellow
Cause: why
something happens.
CAUSE Effect: what
happened as a result.
AND Signal Words :
EFFECT since
if/then
because
therefore
so due to
led to as a result
EXAMPLE:
Noah went to his friend's birthday party. He
ate a big piece of cake and two scoops of Ate too much
Didn't eat dinner
ice cream. On the way home, his stomach cake and ice
and went to bed
started hurting. When he got home, he cream
didn't eat dinner and went to bed.
SEQUENCING
the order of events
Beginning: Middle: End:
first next last
to begin then finally
at first after that at the end
before later eventually
initially meanwhile afterward
EXAMPLE:
Hal wakes up and looks outside his window.
He sees rain falling down onto to the ground.
Saw it Got his
He hears a loud boom and sees lightening Woke up was green
flash in the sky. Even with the storm, it is storming raincoat
time to get ready for school. Hal goes to the
closet and grabs his green raincoat. Next,
Put on his Got
Put on his
Hal puts on his blue rubber boots. These blue umbrella
red hat
boots have a fish on them. Then, Hal puts on boots and left
his floppy red hat. Finally, he grabs his
umbrella and leaves for school.
PROBLEM Signal Words :
AND however because
as a solution therefore
SOLUTION consequently due to
since as a result
describes an issue or conflict and
one or more ways to solve it.
EXAMPLE:
Wild chimpanzees are rapidly disappearing.
Many people are trying to solve this
Problem Solution
problem. Otherwise, chimpanzees may one
day only be found in zoos. People are trying Save forests
to save the rainforests and woodlands from being cut
Wild chimps
down.
where the chimps live from being cut down. are
Develop
Another way we can work to solve the disappearing.
environmental
problem is by developing environmental ed programs.
education programs to teach people.
COMPARE AND
CONTRAST
Compare: how things Signal Words :
are alike.
alike different
Contrast: how things similar instead
are different. both but
same unlike
EXAMPLE:
Ice cream is a delicious frozen treat that Strawberry Vanilla
comes in so many different flavors and
colors. Two of my favorite flavors are
pieces of fruit more sold
strawberry and vanilla. Though both of delicious
annually
these flavors are delicious, strawberry ice taste
great in
cream can contain pieces of fruit while milkshake
vanilla usually will not. Even though more
vanilla ice cream is sold across the country
annually than strawberry, both flavors
tastes great inside of a milk shake.
