Topic Practice 4 Theoretical Questions 1, Explain boiling point elevation constant for a solvent. All India 2012; Foreign 2012 Or Define molal elevation constant, K,. Delhi 2014 2, Itis advised to add ethylene glycol to water incar radiator while driving in hill station, Why? 5, Explain why on addition of 1 mole of glucose to IL of water, the boiling point of water incresses ? 4, How does sprinkling of salt hel snow covered roads in hilly ai phenomenon involved in the Ip in clearing the reas? Explain the Process. NCERT Exemplar 5. What happens when we place the blood cell in water (hypotonic solution)? Give reason. AllIndia 2015, 6, State the condition for reverse osmosis. All India 2020 Why do doctors advise gargles by saline water in case of sore throat? 8. When kept in water, raisin swells in size. Name and explain the phenomenon involved with the help of a diagram. Give three applications of the phenomenon. NCERT Exemplar Arrange the depression in freezing point of water observed for the same molar concentrations of acetic acid, trichloroacetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid. Explain this order as well. “NCERT; Delhi 2008 C What will be the value of van't Hoff factor for a dilute solution of K,SO, in water? Numerical Questions uL 9. 10, A glucose solution which boils at 101.04°C at Latm, What will be relative lowering of vapour Pressure of an aqueous solution of urea which is equimolal to given glucose solution? (Given: K, for water is 0.52 K kg mol) CBSE SQP 2021 Calculate the freezing point of a solution Containing 60 g of glucose (molar mass =180 g mol”) in 250 g of water. (K, of water =1,86 K kg mol”') CBSE 2018 2 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. 18, 19. 20. Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molar mass 40 g mol") which should be dissolved in 114 g of octane to reduce its vapour Pressure to 80%. NCERT ‘Vapour pressure of water at 293 K is 17.535 mm of Hg, Calculate the vapour pressure of water at 293 K when 25 g of glucose is, dissolved in 450 g of water. NCERT Calculate the mass of compound (molar mass = 256 g mol”) to be dissolved in 75 g of benzene to lower its freezing point by 0.48 K. (Ky =512 K kg mol) All India 2014 At 300 K, 36 g of glucose present in a litre of its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar. If the osmotic pressure of the solution is 152 bar at the same temperature, what would be its concentration? All India 2019, NCERT 03 g acetic acid (M = 60 g mol") dissolved in 30 8 of benzene shows a depression in freezing Point equal to 0.45°K. Calculate the percentage association of acid if it forms a dimer in the solution. (Given: K, for benzene =512Kkg molJegss 2999 When 195 g of FCH, —COOH (Molar mass =78 g mol"), is dissolved in 500 g of water, the depression in freezing point is observed to be IC. Calculate the degree of dissociation of F—CH,—COOH. {Given : K, for water =186 K kg mol} CBSE 2023 If benzoic acid (M = 122 g mol”) is associated into a dimer when dissolved in benzene and the osmotic pressure of a solution of Gl g of benzoic acid in 100 ml benzene is 65 atm at 27°C, then what is the percentage association of benzoic acid? CBSE 2023 (Given: R=0.0821 Latm K* mot") ‘The freezing point of a solution containing 5g of benzoic acid (M =122 g mol?) in 35g of benzene is depressed by 2.94 K. What is the percentage of association? (K, for benzene =4.9 K kg mol”') ‘All India 2020 © scanned with OKEN ScannerTopic Practice 4 L We know that, AT, = K,m Ifm =1, then AT, = K,. Thus, boiling point elevation constant is equal to the elevation in boiling point, when 1 mole of a 10. solute is dissolved in 1 kg of solvent. It is also called molal elevation constant (K, ») or Ebullioscopic constant. U 2 Ethylene glycol lowers the freezing point of water, therefore, water does not freeze in hill station. 3. Refer to text on page 17. 4. When salt is spread over snow covered roads, solution of salt and water is formed and as a result, depression in © scanned with OKEN Scanner‘solu occurs. At the ambient teyp, te era frees po nd it helps it clearing thes snow starts melting and it help the red blood cells in water containing eg, i nic solution, then due t It, ie. hypotonic s le aan polentes move into blood cells through th on™ au Ait ult, blood cells swell and may even brs wall, As a result pled on the solution should be larger thay 5. On placing 6. Pressure ap ‘osmotic pressure. . Sore roa is caused by viral and bacterial infection, yy ve garg with salt water, there is a higher salt 0 Concentration than that ofthe infected cells. Through ‘Semosi, water comes out of bacterial cells and infecieg thus, killing the pathogens and causing relief, is) is \doosmosis, ie, movey 8. This phenomenon is called en i water inside the raisin and shown with th help of as: diagram eels —H.0 | Semipermeable membrane Raisin ‘The process of osmosis is of immense biological as well ax industrial importance. It is evident from the following examples (@ Movement of water from soil into plant roots and subsequently into upper portion of the plant is partly due to osmosis. (Gi) Preservation of meat against bacterial action by the addition of salt. (Gi) Preservation of fruits against bacterial action by adding sugar. Bacterium in canned fruit loses water through the process of osmosis and become inactive 9. ‘The depression in freezing point isin the order: Acetic acid < trichloroacetic acid < trifluoroacetic acid HY cl F H-C-COOH< ce coo 573 = ix > x 0082263 1220 “% of association is 80%, 20. Let the degree of association of benzoic acid in benzene is a, then 2C HCOOH —=*(C,H,COOH), Inia moles 1 o Moles ofeqiitriam =a an a /Totalmoles=1-a+ 5 =1- or i Now, depression in freezing point (AT, is AT, =1Ky-m Ai) : number of moles of solute Molality (0) = rau of sleet Og) sm 2000 “2a” 35 © scanned with OKEN ScannerPutting values in Eqn. (i), we get 000 294= 49 x(1 || Ke | >... = 09752 2)\122 35 Thus, the percentage of association = 97.52% © scanned with OKEN Scanner