Physical
Education
Project
Subject: Badminton
Class: 11 A
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By: Aashi Darda
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my physical education
teacher Ms Rashmi Mahadik who gave me the golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic BADMINTON, which also helped me in doing a
lot of Research and I came to know about so many new things. I am really
thankful to her.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a
lot in finishing this project within the time limit.
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Index
Sr. No. Particulars Page No.
1 Introduction
2 History
3 Latest General Rules
4 Equipment
5 Fundamental skills
6 Badminton Terminology
7 Specific Exercises
8 Common Sports injuries
9 Prevention of injuries
10 Important Tournaments
11 Sports personalities
12 National Sports awards
13 Bibliography
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Badminton
Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing
players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), on a
rectangular court that is divided by a net. Players score points
by striking a shuttlecock with their racquet so that it passes
over the net and lands in their opponents' half of the court.
Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it
passes over the net.
Since 1992, badminton has been an Olympic sport with five
events: men's and women's singles, men's, women's and mixed doubles.
Badminton's highest governing body is the International Badminton Federation
(IBF) and has about 140 member nations. The IBF estimates that about 200
million people play the game worldwide.
History
1. Badminton used to be played in 17 th century in Gloucestershire in
England at the place called badminton
2. In India it was played in Pune, Maharashtra in around 18th century.
3. First badminton club was formed in bath, England in 1873.
4. In 189s badminton association of England wars formed
5. The All-England Open Badminton
Championships, the first badminton
competition. In the world, in 1899
6. The International Badminton Federation
(IBF) (now known as Badminton world
Federation) was established in 1934.
7. The badminton Association of India was
formed and all India championship was
organized in 1934 in Calcutta (Kolkata)
8. The Thomas Cup was started in world championship in 1948 and
women's equivalent Uber Cup was started in 1954.
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Latest General Rules
Playing Court : The Badminton court is rectangular and divided into 2 halves by
a net. The length of the court is 44 ft The width of the court for doubles is 20ft
und in singles this width is reduced to 17 ft.
Badminton Post: Two fibre rods are affixed vertically to each side of the net.
Badminton Net: The net is 2.43m high for men and 2.24m high for women. It
is placed vertically over the centre line. It is 1m wide and 9.5m-10m long and is
10cm square black mesh. The height of the net is measured from the centre of
the playing court.
Toss: A game starts with a coin toss. Whoever wins the toss gets to decide
whether they would serve or receive first OR what side of the court they want
to be on.
Scoring: when the server serves, the shuttlecock must pass over the short
service line on the opponent’s court else it will count as a fault. There will be
best of three games of 21 points each. The winner of 2 games will be winner.
Each game consists of 21 points. This applies to both doubles as well as singles.
The side winning a rally adds a point to its score. At 20 all, the side which gains
a two points lead first, wins that game. At 29 all, the side scoring the 30th
point, wins that game. The side winning a game serves first in the next game.
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Players: A singles is played with one player on each side and in doubles it is
two players on each side.
Interval: When the leading score reaches 11 points, players have a 60 second
interval. A two minute interval between each game is allowed. In the third
game, players change ends when the leading score reaches 11 points.
Faults and fouls: Badminton fault is simply an act or an event that ends the
rally. A fault awards a point against the player/pair that committed the
fault. Faults in badminton are Contact Fault, Over the Net Fault, Service Fault,
Receiver Fault and Double Hit.
Let: if let is called, the rally is stopped and replayed with no change to the
score. Lets may occur because of some unexpected disturbance.
service court error: If any player has served or received out of turn or served or
received from the wrong side of the court, it is deemed a service court error
and it is immediately corrected and the existing score shall stand.
Faults:
Equipment
Badminton Rackets: A racket is usually made
of steel, aluminium and graphite. The ideal length is 68 cm inches and weight
85 to 140 gm. String area width is 23 cm and length is 29 cm.
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Shuttlecock: shuttlecock is also called bird. It weighs around 4.75 to 5.50 gm It
has 16 feathers with each feather 62 to 70 mm (2.4 to 2.8 in) in length, and the
diameter of the cork is 25 to 28 mm (0.98 to 1.10 in). The diameter of the circle
that the feathers make is around 58 to 68 mm (2.3 to 2.7 in). Total length is 85
to 95 mm
Fundamental skills
1. Racket grip
a. Forehand grip: Holding the racket grip in a handshake; the thumb
should be opposing the racket's handle, and the rest of the fingers
should be wrapped.
b. Backhand grip: The backhand grip is used for backhand underhand
and overhead shots. This grip is used when the shuttle is hit on the
opposite side of our racket leg.
2. Shuttlecock grip: while serving, a shuttlecock must be held or gripped in the
following ways:
a. Out of Hand Grip : In this the shuttle cock is held with tip of the
thumb and index finger.
b. Mid Grip : In this the shuttle cock is held with tip of the thumb and
two finger at base of the shuttle.
c. Base Grip : In this the shuttle cock is held with tip of the thumb and
fingers around the shuttle at the shafts of its feathers and the cork.
3. Serve: In badminton, service or a 'serve' is an additional required ability. A
strong serve is likely to earn you points and it may give you an edge during
the rally. In badminton, there are two different kinds of serves:
a. High Serve: A strong high serve can always rescue you from an
opponent's smash.
b. Low Serve: The low serve is used to advance the opponent by hitting
the shuttlecock to the front of the court.
4. Footwork: Another important badminton basic skill for beginners is
footwork. You must continuously adapt your pace to that of the shuttlecock.
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Appropriate footwork is important to confront shots coming from any
direction.
5. Stance: In badminton, the stance is an essential skill for returning an
opposition's shot and an advantage in rallies. There are three basic stances
in badminton defence, -net and attacking.
a. Flight service
b. Forehand net service
c. Backhand net service
d. Drive Service
6. Strokes: A stroke is the swinging motion performed before you take a shot.
In a nutshell, the strokes you execute is
fundamental in producing a good shot in a game of badminton. There are
two type of strokes:
a. Forehand Stroke: played from the same side of the playing hand.
b. Backhand Stroke: It is performed to return the shuttle coming
towards the opposite side of the playing hand.
7. Smash: hitting the shuttle high and down fast and steeply to finish a rally. If
it is executed well then there is no defence of it.
8. Drop shot: hitting the shuttle so that it falls into the other player’s front
court.
9. Net roll: hitting a shot from the net that spins over the net.
10.Clear shot: hitting the shuttle from the back of your court, high into the
other player’s back court.
11.Net Lift: hitting the shuttle very close to the net, up high into the opponents
back court.
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12.Net- Kill: Played from Fore court to end a rally when your opponent
executes a poor quality (too high) net shot.
13.Drive: hitting the shuttle flat across the slightly over the net.
14.Block: a defensive shot stopping a smash from hitting the ground on your
side and hitting back over the net.
15.Lob: it sends the shuttle high and deep towards base line of opponent.
Badminton terminology
1. Alley - side-extension of the court by l½ feet on both sides that is used for
doubles play.
2. Back Alley - Area between the back boundary line and the long service line
for doubles.
3. Backcourt - the back third of the court, in the area of the back boundary
lines.
4. Baseline - Back boundary line at each end of the court, that runs parallel to
the net.
5. Bird or birdie - another name for the shuttlecock
6. Carry – an illegal shot in which the shuttle is caught and held on the racket
and then slung during the execution of a stroke.
7. Centre Line - Line perpendicular to the net that separates the left and right
service courts.
8. Court - Area of play, as defined by the outer boundary lines.
9. Fault - A violation of the playing rules, either in serving, receiving, or during
play (see common faults listed below).
10.Flick - A quick wrist and forearm rotation that surprises an opponent by
changing an apparently soft shot into a faster passing one; used primarily
on the serve and at the net.
11.Forecourt - Front third of the court, between the net and the short service
line.
12.Hairpin Net Shot - Shot made from below and very close to the net with the
shuttle rising, just clearing the net, and then dropping sharply down the
other side. The shuttle’s flight approximates the shape of a hairpin.
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13.Match - A series of games (at U.S. Olympic Festival-’93 it is three out of
five), to determine a winner. The middle third of the court, halfway
between the net and the back boundary line.
14.Rally: this occurs when the players hit the bird back and forth several times
before one side scores a point.
15.Serve or Service – players put the shuttlecock into play for points by
“serving” it to opponents, hitting it over the net into a special part of the
court near their opponent
16.Service court: portion of court from where service is delivered.
17.Wood Shot - a shot that results when the base of the shuttle is hit by the
frame of the racket.
Specific exercises
Exercises of warming up
1. Short running forward, backward and sideways.
2. Sideways bending
3. arm circles
4. trunk twist
5. hamstring stretch
6. to do service, smash, shots.
Exercises of conditioning
1. continuous slow running for raising endurance
2. short accelerations for Improving speed.
3. weight training exercises
Common sports injuries
1. sprain in ankles and knees.
2. strain in arm, hamstring, elbow and shoulders
3. muscle cramp
4. dislocation of shoulder joint
5. fracture
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6. Tennis elbow
Prevention of injuries
1. Proper warming up prior to tournament
2. specific warming up after general warming up
3. proper shoe and dress
+ proper skill while playing
5. don’t play until physically fit
Important tournaments
The Badminton World Federation, (BWF) is the international governing
body for the sport of badminton approved by the International Olympic
Committee. organises the international badminton tournaments. Major
tournaments:
1. The Thomas Cup: It is the World Men’s Team Badminton Championships.
The first competition was held in 1948. Now it takes place every two years in
even-numbered years. Three singles and two doubles are played in the game.
2. Uber Cup: World Women’s Team Badminton Championships are held every
two years in odd-numbered years since 1956, consisting of three singles games
and two doubles games.
3. The World Badminton Championships: It consists of five men’s and women’s
singles, doubles, and mixed doubles competitions. It has been held every three
years since 1977 and changed to a two-year session in 1983.
4. The Sudirman Cup: In 1989, the world mixed team competition was held,
and it takes place every two years in odd-numbered years. It consists of singles
and doubles matches between men and women.
5. Badminton World Cup: It is an invitational event in which the International
Badminton Federation invites players who have demonstrated outstanding
performances that year and is preparing to host a badminton grand slam event
in which huge bonuses will be awarded.
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6. The All England Badminton Championships: The tournament was founded
in 1899 by the England Badminton Association. It is the oldest badminton
tournament in history. Originally contested by players from the United
Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations, it has now become a global
competition.
7. The International Series Grand Prix: It is organized according to the method
of the World Tennis Grand Prix by the International Badminton Federation. It
began in 1983, dividing the races into zones, which are organized into a series
of races. Based on scores in each competition, the top 16 athletes will advance
to the finals.
Sports personalities
1. Nandu Natekar - winner of men's Singles of national
badminton championship for 6 times. He has also got
lifetime achievement award.
2. Prakash Padukone - won 9 National Titles. He got gold
medal in CWG games
In 1978. he was also awarded Padmashri award in 1982.
3.Syed Modi-Syed Modi was an Indian badminton player,
and an eight-time National Badminton champion. He won
gold medal in Commonwealth Games, Men's singles title
and was awarded Arjuna Award in 1980.
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4.P. Gopichand-Pullela Gopichand is an Indian Badminton
player. He won the All England Open Badminton
Championships In 2001 and got Arjuna award in 1999 and
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Rattan Award In 2000.
5.Madhumita Bisht: Madhumita Bisht is a former badminton
player from Uttarakhand, India. She is an eight-times
National Singles Champion, nine-times doubles Winner and
a twelve-times mixed doubles winner. She received the
Arjuna Award in 1982.
6. Saina Nehwal-Saina Nehwal is an Indian Khel Ratna
badminton player who attained a career best ranking of #2
in December 2010 by Badminton World Federation. Saina is
the first Indian to win a medal in Badminton at the
Olympics.
7. P V Sindhu: PV Sindhu Considered as one of India's most
successful badminton player. She has secured a bronze
medal at the Tokyo Olympics and she is the first Indian
woman to win two consecutive individual Olympic medals.
National sports awards
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1. Arjuna award: The Arjuna Awards were instituted in 1961 by the
Government of India to recognize consistent outstanding achievement of
sportsmen in different games.
The award carries a cash prize of 15 lakh, a bronze statuette of Arjuna and a
scroll
Some Arjuna awardees in badminton are Syed Modi, P. Kashyap and Saina
Nehwal.
2. Dronacharya award: The Dronacharya Award is an award presented by the
Government of India for excellence in sports coaching in memory of Guru
Dronacharya of Mahabharata times. This award was instituted in 1985. The
award comprises a bronze statuette of Dronacharya, a scroll of honour and a
cash prize of Rs. 15 Lakh.
Dronacharya awardees in badminton are P. Gopichand, M. Arif etc.
3. Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award – this award is India's highest award
for lifetime achievement in sports and games given by the Government of
India. The award was instituted in 2002. The Award carries a cash prize of Rs 25
Lakh, a statuette and a scroll of honour.
4. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Trophy: This trophy is given to university with
best performance in sports. This trophy was instituted in 1956-57. This award
carries a trophy and cash prize.
5. Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar: Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar was
instituted in the year 2009. It is given to organizations (both private and public)
and individuals for "playing a visible role in the area of sports promotion and
development" over the period of last three years.
Bibliography
https://www.studocu.com/in/document/university-of-jammu/
manufacturing-process-2/a-brief-view-of-badmintion/20452918
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