Full Criminal Minor
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advocatedilipjani99Full Criminal Minor
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advocatedilipjani99ADV. DILIP KUMAR JANI ([Link].
B HONOURS)
JODHPUR, PHNONE. 9799061259
FULL CRIMINAL MINOR ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
(P.O/J.J. ACT/N.I/D.V ACT/SEXUAL HARASSMEN/POCSO/IRW)
RJS/JLO/APO – 2022-23
THE PROBATION OF OFFENDERS ACT, 1958
ACT NO. 20 OF 1958 [16th May, 1958.]
1. Short title, extent and commencement.
2. Definitions.
3. Power of court to release certain offenders after admonition.
4. Power of court to release certain offenders on probation of good conduct
5. Power of court to require released offenders to pay compensation and costs
6. Restrictions on imprisonment of offenders under twenty-one years of age.
7. Report of probation officer to be confidential
8. Variation of conditions of probation
9. Procedure in case of offender failing to observe conditions of bond
10. Provision as to sureties
11. Courts competent to make order under the Act, appeal and revision and powers of courts
in appeal and revision.
12. Removal of disqualification attaching to conviction.
13. Probation officers.
14. Duties of probation officers.
15. Probation officers to be public servants.
16. Protection of action taken in good faith.
17. Power to make rules.
18. Saving of operation of certain enactments.
19. Section 562 of the Code not to apply in certain areas.
THE JUVENILE JUSTICE (CARE AND PROTECTION OF
CHILDREN) ACT, 2015
______
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
______
CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY
SECTIONS
1. Short title, extent, commencement and application.
2. Definitions.
CHAPTER II GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CARE AND PROTECTION OF
CHILDREN
3. General principles to be followed in administration of Act.
CHAPTER III JUVENILE JUSTICE BOARD
4. Juvenile Justice Board.
5. Placement of person, who cease to be a child during process of inquiry.
6. Placement of persons, who committed an offence, when person was below the age of
eighteen years.
7. Procedure in relation to Board.
8. Powers, functions and responsibilities of the Board.
9. Procedure to be followed by a Magistrate who has not been empowered under this Act.
CHAPTER IV PROCEDURE IN RELATION TO CHILDREN IN CONFLICT WITH
LAW
10. Apprehension of child alleged to be in conflict with law.
11. Role of person in whose charge child in conflict with law is placed.
12. Bail to a person who is apparently a child alleged to be in conflict with law.
13. Information to parents, guardian or probation officer.
14. Inquiry by Board regarding child in conflict with law.
15. Preliminary assessment into heinous offences by Board.
16. Review of pendency of inquiry.
17. Orders regarding a child not found to be in conflict with law.
18. Orders regarding child found to be in conflict with law.
19. Powers of Children’s Court.
20. Child attained age of twenty-one years and yet to complete prescribed term of stay in
place of safety.
21. Order that may not be passed against a child in conflict with law.
22. Proceeding under Chapter VIII of the Code of Criminal Procedure not to apply against
child.
23. No joint proceedings of child in conflict with law and person not a child.
24. Removal of disqualification on the findings of an offence.
25. Special provision in respect of pending cases.
26. Provision with respect of run away child in conflict with law.
CHAPTER V CHILD WELFARE COMMITTEE
27. Child Welfare Committee.
28. Procedure in relation to Committee.
29. Powers of Committee.
30. Functions and responsibilities of Committee.
CHAPTER VI PROCEDURE IN RELATION TO CHILDREN IN NEED OF CARE
AND PROTECTION
31. Production before Committee.
32. Mandatory reporting regarding a child found separated from guardian.
33. Offence of non-reporting.
34. Penalty for non-reporting.
35. Surrender of children.
36. Inquiry.
37. Orders passed regarding a child in need of care and protection.
38. Procedure for declaring a child legally free for adoption.
CHAPTER VII REHABILITATION AND SOCIAL RE-INTEGRATION
39. Process of rehabilitation and social re-integration.
40. Restoration of child in need of care and protection.
41. Registration of child care institutions.
42. Penalty for non-registration of child care institutions.
43. Open shelter.
44. Foster care.
45. Sponsorship.
46. After care of children leaving child care institution.
47. Observation homes.
48. Special homes.
49. Place of safety.
50. Children’s Home.
51. Fit facility.
52. Fit person.
53. Rehabilitation and re-integration services in institutions registered under this Act and
management thereof.
54. Inspection of institutions registered under this Act.
55. Evaluation of functioning of structures.
CHAPTER VIII ADOPTION
56. Adoption.
57. Eligibility of prospective adoptive parents.
58. Procedure for adoption by Indian prospective adoptive parents living in India.
59. Procedure for inter-country adoption of an orphan or abandoned or surrendered child.
60. Procedure for inter-country relative adoption.
61. Court procedure and penalty against payment in consideration of adoption. 62. Additional
procedural requirements and documentation.
63. Effect of adoption.
64. Reporting of adoption.
65. Specialised Adoption Agencies.
66. Adoption of children residing in institutions not registered as adoption agencies.
67. State Adoption Resource Agency.
68. Central Adoption Resource Authority.
69. Steering Committee of Authority.
70. Powers of Authority.
71. Annual Report of Authority.
72. Grants by Central Government.
73. Accounts and audit of Authority.
CHAPTER IX OTHER OFFENCES AGAINST CHILDREN
74. Prohibition on disclosure of identity of children.
75. Punishment for cruelty to child.
76. Employment of child for begging.
77. Penalty for giving intoxicating liquor or narcotic drug or psychotropic substance to a
child.
78. Using a child for vending, peddling, carrying, supplying or smuggling any intoxicating
liquor, narcotic drug or psychotropic substance.
79. Exploitation of a child employee.
80. Punitive measures for adoption without following prescribed procedures.
81. Sale and procurement of children for any purpose.
82. Corporal punishment. 83. Use of child by militant groups or other adults.
84. Kidnapping and abduction of child.
85. Offences committed on disabled children.
86. Classification of offences and designated court.
87. Abetment.
88. Alternative punishment.
89. Offence committed by child under this
CHAPTER X MISCELLANEOUS
90. Attendance of parent or guardian of child.
91. Dispensing with attendance of child.
92. Placement of a child suffering from disease requiring prolonged medical treatment in an
approved place.
93. Transfer of a child who is mentally ill or addicted to alcohol or other drugs.
94. Presumption and determination of age.
95. Transfer of a child to place of residence.
96. Transfer of child between Children’s Homes, or special homes or fit facility or fit person
in different parts of India.
97. Release of a child from an institution.
98. Leave of absence to a child placed in an institution.
99. Reports to be treated as confidential.
100. Protection of action taken in good faith.
101. Appeals.
102. Revision.
103. Procedure in inquiries, appeals and revision proceedings.
104. Power of the Committee or the Board to amend its own orders.
105. Juvenile justice fund.
106. State Child Protection Society and District Child Protection Unit.
107. Child Welfare Police Officer and Special Juvenile Police Unit.
108. Public awareness on provisions of Act.
109. Monitoring of implementation of Act.
110. Power to make rules.
111. Repeal and savings.
112. Power to remove difficulties.
THE PROTECTION OF WOMEN FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
ACT, 2005
_____________
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
_____________
CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
SECTIONS
1. Short title, extent and commencement.
2. Definitions.
CHAPTER II DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
3. Definitions of domestic violence.
CHAPTER III
POWERS AND DUTIES OF PROTECTION OFFICERS, SERVICE PROVIDERS,
ETC.
4. Information to Protection Officer and exclusion of liability of informant.
5. Duties of police officers, service providers and Magistrate.
6. Duties of shelter homes.
7. Duties of medical facilities.
8. Appointment of Protection Officers.
9. Duties and functions of Protection Officers.
10. Service providers.
11. Duties of Government.
CHAPTER IV
PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING ORDERS OF RELIEFS
12. Application of Magistrate.
13. Service of notice.
14. Counselling.
15. Assistance of welfare expert.
16. Proceedings to be held in camera.
17. Right to reside in a shared household.
18. Protection orders.
19. Residence orders.
20. Monetary reliefs.
21. Custody orders.
22. Compensation orders.
23. Power to grant interim and ex parte orders.
24. Court to give copies of order free of cost.
25. Duration of orders.
26. Relief in other suits and legal proceedings.
27. Jurisdiction.
28. Procedure.
29. Appeal.
CHAPTER V
MISCELLANEOUS
30. Protection Officers and members of service providers to be public servants.
31. Penalty for breach of protection order by respondent.
32. Cognizance and proof.
33. Penalty for not discharging duty by Protection Officers.
34. Cognizance of offence committed by Protection Officer.
35. Protection of action taken in good faith.
36. Act not in derogation of any other law.
37. Power of Central Government to make rules.
THE NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS ACT, 1881
_____________
ARRENGMENT OF SECTIONS
____________
CHAPTER XVII
OF PENALTIES IN CASE OF DISHONOUR OF CERTAIN CHEQUES
FOR INSUFFICIENCY OF FUNDS IN THE ACCOUNTS
138. Dishonour of cheque for insufficiency, etc., of funds in the account.
139. Presumption in favour of holder.
140. Defence which may not be allowed in any prosecution under section 138.
141. Offences by companies.
142. Cognizance of offences.
142A. Validation for transfer of pending cases.
143. Power of Court to try cases summarily.
143A. Power to direct interim compensation
144. Mode of service of summons.
145. Evidence on affidavit.
146. Bank’s slip prima facie evidence of certain facts.
147. Offences to be compoundable.
THE SEXUAL HARASSMENT OF WOMEN AT WORKPLACE
(PREVENTION, PROHIBITION AND REDRESSAL) ACT, 2013
________________ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS_________________
CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
SECTIONS
1. Short title, extent and commencement.
2. Definitions.
3. Prevention of sexual harassment.
CHAPTER II
CONSTITUTION OF INTERNAL COMPLAINTS COMMITTEE
4. Constitution of Internal Complaints Committee.
CHAPTER III CONSTITUTION OF LOCAL COMPLAINTS COMMITTEE
5. Notification of District Officer.
6. Constitution and jurisdiction of Local Committee.
7. Composition tenure and other terms and conditions of Local Committee.
8. Grants and audit.
CHAPTER IV COMPLAINT
9. Complaint of sexual harassment.
10. Conciliation.
11. Inquiry into complaint.
CHAPTER V INQUIRY INTO COMPLAINT
12. Action during pendency of inquiry.
13. Inquiry report.
14. Punishment for false or malicious complaint and false evidence.
15. Determination of compensation.
16. Prohibition of publication or making known contents of complaint and inquiry
proceedings.
17. Penalty for publication or making known contents of complaint and inquiry proceedings.
18. Appeal.
CHAPTER VI
DUTIES OF EMPLOYER
19. Duties of employer.
CHAPTER VII DUTIES AND POWERS OF DISTRICT OFFICER
20. Duties and powers of District Officer.
CHAPTER VIII
MISCELLANEOUS
21. Committee to submit annual report.
22. Employer to include information in annual report.
23. Appropriate Government to monitor implementation and maintain data.
24. Appropriate Government to take measures to publicise the Act.
25. Power to call for information and inspection of records.
26. Penalty for non-compliance with provisions of Act.
27. Cognizance of offence by courts.
28. Act not in derogation of any other law.
29. Power of appropriate Government to make rules.
30. Power to remove difficulties.
THE INDECENT REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN (PROHIBITION)
ACT, 1986
__________
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
________
SECTIONS
1. Short title, extent and commencement.
2. Definitions.
3. Prohibition of advertisements containing indecent representation of women.
4. Prohibition of publication or sending by post of books, pamphlets, etc., containing indecent
representation of women.
5. Powers to enter and search.
6. Penalty.
7. Offences by companies
8. Offences to be cognizable and bailable.
9. Protection of action taken in good faith.
10. Power to make rules.
THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL OFFENCES
ACT, 2012
_______________ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS __________________
CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY
SECTIONS
1. Short title, extent and commencement.
2. Definitions.
CHAPTER II SEXUAL OFFENCES AGAINST CHILDREN
A.—PENETRATIVE SEXUAL ASSAULT AND PUNISHMENT THEREFOR
3. Penetrative sexual assault.
4. Punishment for penetrative sexual assault.
B.—AGGRAVATED PENETRATIVE SEXUAL ASSAULT AND PUNISHMENT
THEREFOR
5. Aggravated penetrative sexual assault.
6. Punishment for aggravated penetrative sexual assault.
C.—SEXUAL ASSAULT AND PUNISHMENT THEREFOR
7. Sexual assault.
8. Punishment for sexual assault.
D.—AGGRAVATED SEXUAL ASSAULT AND PUNISHMENT THEREFOR
9. Aggravated sexual assault.
10. Punishment for aggravated sexual assault.
E.—SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND PUNISHMENT THEREFOR
11. Sexual harassment.
12. Punishment for sexual harassment.
CHAPTER III USING CHILD FOR PORNOGRAPHIC PURPOSES AND
PUNISHMENT THEREFOR
13. Use of child for pornographic purposes.
14. Punishment for using child for pornographic purposes.
15. Punishment for storage of pornographic material involving child.
CHAPTER IV ABETMENT OF AND ATTEMPT TO COMMIT AN OFFENCE
16. Abetment of an offence.
17. Punishment for abetment.
18. Punishment for attempt to commit an offence.
CHAPTER V PROCEDURE FOR REPORTING OF CASES SECTIONS
19. Reporting of offences.
20. Obligation of media, studio and photographic facilities to report cases.
21. Punishment for failure to report or record a case.
22. Punishment for false complaint or false information.
23. Procedure for media.
CHAPTER VI PROCEDURES FOR RECORDING STATEMENT OF THE CHILD
24. Recording of statement of a child.
25. Recording of statement of a child by Magistrate.
26. Additional provisions regarding statement to be recorded.
27. Medical examination of a child.
CHAPTER VII SPECIAL COURTS
28. Designation of Special Courts.
29. Presumption as to certain offences.
30. Presumption of culpable mental state.
31. Application of Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 to proceedings before a Special Court.
32. Special Public Prosecutors.
CHAPTER VIII PROCEDURE AND POWERS OF SPECIAL COURTS AND
RECORDING OF EVIDENCE
33. Procedure and powers of Special Court.
34. Procedure in case of commission of offence by child and determination of age by Special
Court.
35. Period for recording of evidence of child and disposal of case.
36. Child not to see accused at the time of testifying.
37. Trials to be conducted in camera.
38. Assistance of an interpreter or expert while recording evidence of child.
CHAPTER IX MISCELLANEOUS
39. Guidelines for child to take assistance of experts, etc.
40. Right of child to take assistance of legal practitioner.
41. Provisions of sections 3 to 13 not to apply in certain cases.
42. Alternative punishment.
42A. Act not in derogation of any other law.
43. Public awareness about Act.
44. Monitoring of implementation of Act.
45. Power to make rules.
46. Power to remove difficulties.
ADV. DILIP KUMAR JANI ([Link].B HONOURS)
JODHPUR, PHNONE. 9799061259
FULL CRIMINAL MAJOR ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
IPC/ CRPC/ INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT
1 INDIAN PENAL CODE 1860
ACT NO. 45 OF 1860 (6TH OCTOBER 1860)
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
SECTIONS
1. Title and extent of operation of the Code.
2. Punishment of offences committed within India.
3. Punishment of offences committed beyond, but which by law may be tried within, India.
4. Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences.
5. Certain laws not to be affected by this Act.
CHAPTER II
GENERAL EXPLANATIONS
6. Definitions in the Code to be understood subject to exceptions.
7. Sense of expression once explained.
8. Gender.
9. Number.
10. “Man”. “Woman”.
11. “Person”.
12. “Public”.
13. [Omitted.].
14. “Servant of Government”.
15. [Repealed.].
16. [Repealed.].
17. “Government”.
18. “India”.
19. “Judge”.
20. “Court of Justice”.
21. “Public servant”.
22. “Moveable property”.
23. “Wrongful gain”. “Wrongful loss”. Gaining wrongfully/ Losing wrongfully.
24. “Dishonestly”.
25. “Fraudulently”.
26. “Reason to believe”.
27. Property in possession of wife, clerk or servant.
28. “Counterfeit”.
29. “Document”.
29A. “Electronic record”.
30. “Valuable security”.
31. “A will”.
32. Words referring to acts include illegal omissions.
33. “Act”. “Omission”.
34. Acts done by several persons in furtherance of common intention.
35. When such an act is criminal by reason of its being done with a criminal knowledge or
intention.
36. Effect caused partly by act and partly by omission.
37. Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence.
38. Persons concerned in criminal act may be guilty of different offences.
39. “Voluntarily”.
40. “Offence”.
41. “Special law”.
42. “Local law”.
43. “Illegal”. “Legally bound to do”.
44. “Injury”.
45. “Life”.
46. “Death”.
47. “Animal”.
48. “Vessel”.
49. “Year”. “Month”.
50. “Section”.
51. “Oath”.
52. “Good faith”.
52A. “Harbour-“
CHAPTER III
OF PUNISHMENTS
53. Punishments.
53A. Construction of reference to transportation.
54. Commutation of sentence of death.
55. Commutation of sentence of imprisonment for life.
55A. Definition of "appropriate Government".
56. [Repealed.].
57. Fractions of terms of punishment.
58. [Repealed.].
59. [Repealed.].
60. Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous of simple.
61. [Repealed.].
62. [Repealed.].
63. Amount of fine.
64. Sentence of imprisonment for non-payment of fine.
65. Limit to imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when imprisonment and fine awardable.
66. Description of imprisonment for non-payment of fine.
67. Imprisonment for non-payment of fine, when offence punishable with fine only. 68.
Imprisonment to terminate on payment of fine.
69. Termination of imprisonment on payment of proportional part of fine.
70. Fine leviable within six years, of during imprisonment. Death not to discharge property
from liability.
71. Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences.
72. Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, the judgment stating that is
doubtful of which.
73. Solitary confinement.
74. Limit of solitary confinement.
75. Enhanced punishment for certain offences under Chapter XII or Chapter XVII after
previous conviction.
CHAPTER IV
GENERAL EXCEPTIONS
76. Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law.
77. Act of Judge when acting judicially.
78. Act done pursuant to the judgment or order of Court.
79. Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law.
80. Accident in doing a lawful act.
81. Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm
82. Act of a child under seven years of age.
83. Act of a child above seven and under twelve of immature understanding.
84. Act of a person of unsound mind.
85. Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will.
86. Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated.
87. Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by
consent.
88. Act not intended to cause death, done by consent in good faith for person's benefit.
89. Act done in good faith for benefit of child or insane person, by or by consent of guardian.
Provisos.
90. Consent known to be given under fear or misconception. Consent of insane person.
Consent of child.
91. Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused.
92. Act done in good faith for benefit of a person without consent. Provisos.
93. Communication made in good faith.
94. Act to which a person is compelled by threats.
95. Act causing slight harm. Of the Right of Private Defense
96. Things done in private defence.
97. Right of private defence of the body and of property.
98. Right of private defence against the act of a person of unsound mind. etc.
99. Acts against which there is no right of private defence. Extent to which the right may be
exercised.
[Link] the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death.
[Link] such right extends to causing any harm other than death.
[Link] and continuance of the right of private defence of the body.
[Link] the right of private defence of property extends to causing death.
[Link] such right extends to causing any harm other than death.
[Link] and continuance of the right of private defence of property.
[Link] of private defence against deadly assault when there is risk of harm to innocent
person
CHAPTER V
OF ABETMENT
[Link] of a thing.
[Link].
108A. Abetment in Indian of offences outside India.
[Link] of a abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence and when no
express provision is made for its punishment.
[Link] of abetment if person abetted does act with different intention from that of
abettor.
[Link] of abettor when one act abetted and different act done.
[Link] when liable to cumulative punishment for act abetted and for act done .
[Link] of abettor for an effect caused by the act abetted different from that intended by
the abettor.
[Link] present when offence is committed.
[Link] of offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life.—if offence not
committed. if act causing harm be done in consequence.
[Link] of offence punishable with imprisonment.—if offence be not committed. if
abettor or person abetted be a public servant whose duty it is to prevent offence.
[Link] commission of offence by the public or by more than ten persons.
[Link] design to commit offence punishable with death or imprisonment for life. If
offence be committed; if offence be not committed.
[Link] servant concealing design to commit offence which it is his duty to prevent. if
offence be committed; if offence be punishable with death, etc. if offence be not committed.
[Link] design to commit offence punishable with imprisonment. if offence be
committed; if offence be not committed.
CHAPTER VA
CRIMINALCONSPIRACY
SECTIONS
120A. Definition of criminal conspiracy.
120B. Punishment of criminal conspiracy.
CHAPTER VI
OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE STATE
121. Waging, or attempting to wage war, or abetting waging of war, against the Government
of India.
121A. Conspiracy to commit offences punishable by section 121.
122. Collecting arms, etc., with intention of waging war against the Government of India.
123. Concealing with intent to facilitate design to wage war.
124. Assaulting President. Governor, etc., with intent to compel or restrain the exercise of
any lawful power.
124A. Sedition.
125. Waging war against any Asiatic power in alliance with the Government of India.
126. Committing depredation on territories of power at peace with the Government of India.
127. Receiving property taken by war or depredation mentioned in sections 125 and 126.
128. Public servant voluntarily allowing prisoner of State or war to escape.
129. Public servant negligently suffering such prisoner to escape.
130. Aiding escape of, rescuing or harbouring such prisoner.
CHAPTER VII
OF OFFENCES RELATING TO THE ARMY, NAVYAND AIR FORCE
131. Abetting mutiny, or attempting to seduce a soldier, sailor or airman from his duty.
132. Abetment of mutiny, if mutiny is committed in consequence thereof.
133. Abetment of assault by soldier, sailor or airman on his superior officer, when in
execution of his office.
134. Abetment of such assault, if the assault is committed.
135. Abetment of desertion of soldier, sailor or airman.
136. Harbouring deserter.
137. Deserter concealed on board merchant vessel through negligence of master.
138. Abetment of act of insubordination by soldier, sailor or airman.
138A. [Repealed.].
139. Persons subject to certain Acts.
140. Wearing garb or carrying token used by soldier, sailor or airman.
CHAPTER VIII
OF OFFENCES AGAINST THE PUBLIC TRANQUILLITY
141. Unlawful assembly.
142. Being member of unlawful assembly.
143. Punishment.
144. Joining unlawful assembly armed with deadly weapon.
145. Joining or continuing in unlawful assembly, knowing it has been commanded to
disperse.
146. Rioting.
147. Punishment for rioting.
148. Rioting, armed with deadly weapon.
149. Every member of unlawful assembly guilty of offence committed in prosecution of
common object.
150. Hiring, or conniving at hiring, of persons to join unlawful assembly.
151. Knowingly joining or continuing in assembly of five or more persons after it has been
commanded to disperse.
152. Assaulting or obstructing public servant when suppressing riot, etc.
153. Wantonly giving provocation, with intent to cause riot— if rioting be committed; if not
committed.
153A. Promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of
birth, residence. language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony.
Offence committed in place of worship, etc.
153AA. Punishment for knowingly carrying arms in any procession or organizing, or holding
or taking part in any mass drill or mass training with arms.
153B. Imputation, assertions prejudicial to national-integration.
154. Owner or occupier of land on which an unlawful assembly is held.
155. Liability of person for whose benefit riot is committed.
156. Liablility of agent of owner or occupier for whose benefit riot is committed.
157. Harbouring persons hired for an unlawful assembly.
158. Being hired to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot; or to go armed.
159. Affray.
160. Punishment for committing affray.
CHAPTER IX
OF OFFENCESBY OR RELATING TO PUBLIC SERVANTS
161. to 165A. [Repealed.]
166. Public servant disobeying law, with intent to cause injury to any person.
166A. Public servant disobeying direction under law.
166B. Punishment for non-treatment of victim.
167. Public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury.
168. Public servant unlawfully engaging in trade.
169. Public servant unlawfully buying or bidding for property.
170. Personating a public servant.
171. Wearing garb or carrying token used by public servant with fraudulent intent.
CHAPTER IXA
OF OFFENCESRELATING TO ELECTIONS
171A. “Candidate”, “Electoral right” defined.
171B. Bribery.
171C. Undue influence at elections.
[Link] at elections.
171E. Punishment for bribery.
171F. Punishment for undue influence or personation at an election.
[Link] statement in connection with an election.
171H. Illegal payments in connection with an election.
171-I. Failure to keep election accounts.
CHAPTER X
OF CONTEMPTS OF THE LAWFUL AUTHORITY OF PUBLIC SERVANTS
172. Absconding to avoid service of summons of other proceeding.
173. Preventing service of summons or other proceeding, or preventing publication thereof.
174. Non-attendance in obedience to an order from public servant.
174A. Non-appearance in response to a proclamation under section 82 of Act 2 of 1974.
175. Omission to produce document to public servant by person legally bound to produce it.
176. Omission to give notice or information to public servant by person legally bound to give
it.
177. Furnishing false information.
178. Refusing oath or affirmation when duly required by public servant to make it.
179. Refusing to answer public servant authori sed to question.
180. Refusing to sign statement.
181. False statement on oath or affirmation to public servant or person authorised to
administer an oath or affirmation.
182. False information, with intent to cause public servant to use his lawful power to the
injury of another person.
183. Resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant.
184. Obstructing sale of property offered for sale by authority of public servant.
185. Illegal purchase or bid for property offered for sale by authority of public servant.
186. Obstructing public servant in discharge of public functions.
187. Omission to assist public servant when bound by law to give assistance.
188. Disobedience to order duly promulgated by public servant.
189. Threat of injury to public servant.
190. Threat of injury to induce person to refrain from applying for protection to public
servant.
CHAPTER XI
OF FLSEEVIDENCE AND OFFENCES AGAINST PUBLIC JUSTICE
191. Giving false evidence.
192. Fabricating false evidence.
193. Punishment for false evidence.
194. Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of capital offence.
if innocent person be thereby convicted and executed.
195. Giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure conviction of offence
punishable with imprisonment for life or imprisonment.
195A. Threatening any person to give false evidence.
196. Using evidence known to be false.
197. Issuing or signing false certificate.
198. Using as true a certificate known to be false.
199. False statement made in declaration which is by law receivable as evidence.
200. Using as true such declaration knowing it to be false.
201. Causing disappearance of evidence of offence, or giving false information, to screen
offender—
if a capital offence;
if punishable with imprisonment for life;
if punishable with less than ten Years' imprisonment.
202. Intentional omission to give information of offence by person bound to inform.
203. Giving false information respecting an offence committed.
204. Destruction of document to prevent its production as evidence.
205. False personation for purpose of act or proceeding in suit or prosecution.
206. Fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in
execution.
207. Fraudulent claim to property to prevent its seizure as forfeited or in execution.
208. Fraudulently suffering decree for sum not due.
209. Dishonestly making false claim in Court.
210. Fraudulently obtaining decree for sum not due.
211. False charge of offence made with intent to injure.
212. Harbouring offender.—
if a capital offence;
if punishable with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment.
213. Taking gift, etc., to screen an offender from punishment.— if a capital offence; if
punishable with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment.
214. Offering gift or restoration of property in consideration of screening offender - if a
capital offence; if punishable with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment.
215. Taking gift to help to recover stolen property, etc.
216. Harbouring offender who has escaped from custody of whose apprehension has been
ordered -
if a capital offence;
if punishable with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment.
216A. Penalty for harbouring robbers or dacoits.
216B. [Repealed.]
217. Public servant disobeying direction of law with intent to save person from punishment
or property from forfeiture.
218. Public servant framing incorrect record or writing with intent to save person from
punishment or property from forfeiture.
219. Public servant in judicial proceeding corruptly making report, etc. , contrary to law.
220. Commitment for trial or confinement by person having authority who knows that he is
acting contrary to law.
221. Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend.
222. Intentional omission to apprehend on the part of public servant bound to apprehend
person under sentence or lawfully committed.
223. Escape from confinement or custody negligently suffered by public servant.
224. Resistance or obstruction by a person to his lawful apprehension.
225. Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension of another person.
225A. Omission to apprehend, or sufferance of escape, on part of public servant, in cases not
otherwise, provided for.
225B. Resistance or obstruction to lawful apprehension, or escape or rescue in cases not
otherwise provided for.
226. [Repealed.]
227. Violation of condition of remission of punishment.
228. Intentional insult or interruption to public servant sitting in judicial proceeding.
228A. Disclosure of identity of the victim of certain offences, etc.
229. Personation of a juror or assessor.
229A. Failure by person released on bail or bond to appear in Court.
CHAPTER XII
OF OFFENCES RELATING TO COIN AND GOVERNMENT STAMPS
230. “Coin” defined.
Indian coin.
231. Counterfeiting coin.
232. Counterfeiting Indian coin.
233. Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting coin.
234. Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Indian coin.
235. Possession of instrument or material for the purpose of using the same for counterfeiting
coin: if Indian coin.
236. Abetting in India the counterfeiting out of India of coin.
237. Import or export of counterfeit coin.
238. Import or export of counterfeits of the Indian coin.
239. Delivery of coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeit.
240. Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is counterfeit.
241. Delivery of coin as genuine, which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to
be counterfeit.
242. Possession of counterfeit coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became
possessed thereof.
243. Possession of Indian coin by person who knew it to be counterfeit when he became
possessed thereof.
244. Person employed in mint causing coin to be of different weight or composition from that
fixed by law.
245. Unlawfully taking coining instrument from mint.
246. Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of coin.
247. Fraudulently or dishonestly diminishing weight or altering composition of Indian coin.
248. Altering appearance of coin with intent that it shall pass as coin of different description.
249. Altering appearance of Indian coin with intent that it shall pass as coin of different
description.
250. Delivery of coin, possessed with knowledge that it is altered.
251. Delivery of Indian coin, possessed with knowledge that it is altered.
252. Possession of coin by person who knew it to be altered when he became possessed
thereof.
253. Possession of Indian coin by person who knew it to be altered when he became
possessed ther eof.
254. Delivery of coin as genuine which, when first possessed, the deliverer did not know to
be altered.
255. Counterfeiting Government stamp.
256. Having possession of instrument or material for counterfeiting Government stamp.
257. Making or selling instrument for counterfeiting Government stamp.
258. Sale of counterfeit Government stamp.
259. Having possession of counterfeit Government stamp.
260. Using as genuine a Government stamp known to be counterfeit.
261. Effacing writing from substance bearing Government stamp, or removing from
document a stamp used for it, with intent to cause loss to Government.
262. Using Government stamp known to have been before used.
263. Erasure of mark denoting that stamp has been used.
263A. Prohibition of fictitious stamps.
CHAPTER XIII
OF OFFENCES RELATING TO WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
264. Fraudulent use of false instrument for weighing.
265. Fraudulent use of false weight or measure.
266. Being In possession of false weight or measure.
267. Making or selling false weight or measure.
CHAPTER XIV
OF OFFENCES AFFECTING THE PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY, CONVENIENCE,
DECENCYAND MORALS
268. Public nuisance.
269. Negligent act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.
270. Malignant act likely to spread infection of disease dangerous to life.
271. Disobedience to quarantine rule.
272. Adulteration of food or drink intended for sale.
273. Sale of noxious food or drink.
274. Adulteration of drugs
275. Sale of adulterated drugs.
276. Sale of drug as a different drug or preparation.
277. Fouling water of public spring or reservoir.
278. Making atmosphere noxious to health.
279. Rash driving or riding on a public way.
280. Rash navigation of vessel.
281. Exhibition of false light, mark or buoy.
282. Conveying person by water for hire in unsafe or overloaded vessel.
283. Danger or obstruction in public way or line of navigation.
284. Negligent conduct with respect to poisonous substance.
285. Negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter.
286. Negligent conduct with respect to explosive substance.
287. Negligent conduct with respect to machinery.
288. Negligent conduct with respect to pulling down or repairing buildings.
289. Negligent conduct with respect to animal.
290. Punishment for public nuisance in cases not otherwise provided for.
291. Continuance of nuisance after injunction to discontinue.
292. Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc.
293. Sale, etc., of obscene objects to young person.
294. Obscene acts and songs.
294A. Keeping lottery office.
CHAPTER XV
OF OFFENCESRELATING TO RELIGION
295. Injuring or defiling place of work ship, with intent to insult the religion of any class.
295A. Deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by
insulting its
religion or religious beliefs.
296. Disturbing religious assembly.
297. Trespassing on burial places, etc.
298. Uttering words, etc., with deliberate intent to wound the religious feelings.
CHAPTER XVI
OF OFFENCESAFFECTINGTHE HUMAN BODY
Of offences affecting life
299. Culpable homicide.
300. Murder.
When culpable homicide is not murder.
301. Culpable homicide by causing death of person other than person whose death was
intended.
302. Punishment for murder.
303. Punishment for murder by life-convict.
304. Punishment for culpable homicide not amounting to murder.
304A. Causing death by negligence.
304B. Dowry death.
305. Abetment of suicide of child or insane person.
306. Abetment of suicide.
307. Attempt to murder.
Attempts by life-convicts.
308. Attempt to commit culpable homicide.
309. Attempt to commit suicide.
310. Thug.
311. Punishment.
Of the causing of Miscarriage, of Injuries to unborn Children, of the Exposure of Infants,
and of the concealment of Births
312. Causing miscarriage.
313. Causing miscarriage without woman's consent.
314. Death caused by act done with intent to cause miscarriage.
if act done without woman's consent.
315. Act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth.
316. Causing death of quick unborn child by act amounting to culpable homicide.
317. Exposure and abandonment of child under twelve years, by parent or person having care
of it.
318. Concealment of birth by secret disposal of dead body.
Of Hurt
319. Hurt.
320. Grievous hurt.
321. Voluntarily causing hurt.
322. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt.
323. Punishment for voluntarily causing hurt.
324. Voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons or means.
325. Punishment for voluntarily causing grievous hurt.
326. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by dangerous weapons or means.
326A. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt by use of acid, etc.
326B. Voluntarily throwing or attempting to throw acid.
327. Voluntarily causing hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act.
328. Causing hurt by means of poison, etc., with intent to commit an offence.
329. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort property, or to constrain to an illegal act.
330. Voluntarily causing hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of property.
331. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to extort confession, or to compel restoration of
property.
332. Voluntarily causing hurt to deter public servant from his duty.
333. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt to deter public servant from his duty.
334. Voluntarily causing hurt on provocation.
335. Voluntarily causing grievous hurt on provocation.
336. Act endangering life or personal safety of others.
337. Causing hurt by act endangering life or personal safety of others.
338. Causing grievous hurt by act endangering life or personal safety of others.
Of wrongful restraint and wrongful confinement
339. Wrongful restraint.
340. Wrongful confinement.
341. Punishment for wrongful restraint.
342. Punishment for wrongful confinement.
343. Wrongful confinement for three or more days.
344. Wrongful confinement for ten or more days.
345. Wrongful confinement of person for whose liberation writ has been issued.
346. Wrongful confinement in secret.
347. Wrongful confinement to extort property, or constrain to illegal act.
348. Wrongful confinement to extort confession, or compel restoration of property.
Of Criminal Force and Assault
349. Force.
350. Criminal force.
351. Assault.
352. Punishment for assault or criminal force otherwise than on grave provocation.
353. Assault or criminal force to deter public servant from discharge of his duty.
354. Assault of criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty.
354A. Sexual harassment and punishment for sexual harassment.
354B. Assault or use of criminal force to woman with intent to disrobe.
354C. Voyeurism.
354D. Stalking.
355. Assault or criminal force with intent to dishonour person, otherwise than on grave
provocation.
356. Assault or criminal force in attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person.
357. Assault or criminal force in attempt wrongfully to confine a person.
358. Assault or criminal force on grave provocation.
Of Kidnapping, Abduction, Slavery and Forced Labour
359. Kidnapping.
360. Kidnapping from India.
361. Kidnapping from lawful guardianship.
362. Abduction.
363. Punishment for kidnapping.
363A. Kidnapping or maiming a minor for purposes of begging.
364. Kidnapping or abducting in order to murder.
364A. Kidnapping for ransom, etc.
365. Kidnapping or abducting with intent secretly and wrongfully to confine person.
366. Kidnapping, abducting or inducing woman to compel her marriage, etc.
366A. Procuration of minor girl.
366B. Importation of girl from foreign country.
367. Kidnapping or abducting in order to subject person to grievous hurt, slavery, etc.
368. Wrongfully concealing or keeping in confinement, kidnapped or abducted person.
369. Kidnapping or abducting child under ten years with intent to steal from its person.
370. Trafficking of person.
370A. Exploitation of a trafficked person.
371. Habitual dealing in slaves.
372. Selling minor for purposes of prostitution, etc.
373. Buying minor for purposes of prostitution, etc.
374. Unlawful compulsory labour.
Sexual offences
375. Rape.
376. Punishment for rape.
376A. Punishment for causing death or resulting in persistent vegetative state of victim.
376B. Sexual intercourse by husband upon his wife during separation.
376C. Sexual intercourse by a person in authority.
376D. Gang rape.
376E. Punishment for repeat offenders.
Of Unnatural offences
377. Unnatural offences.
CHAPTER XVII
OF OFFENCES AGAINST PROPERTY
Of Theft
378. Theft.
379. Punishment for theft.
380. Theft in dwelling house, etc.
381. Theft by clerk or servant of property in possession of master.
382. Theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to the
committing of the theft.
Of Extortion
383. Extortion.
384. Punishment for extortion.
385. Putting person in fear of injury in order to commit extortion.
386. Extortion by putting a person in fear of death on grievous hurt.
387. Putting person in fear of death or of grievous hurt, in order to commit extortion.
388. Extortion by threat of accusation of an offence punishable with death or imprisonment
for life, etc.
389. Putting person in fear of accusation of offence, in order to commit extortion.
Of Robbery and Dacoity
390. Robbery.
When theft is robbery.
When extortion is robbery.
391. Dacoity.
392. Punishment for robbery.
393. Attempt to commit robbery.
394. Voluntarily causing hurt in committing robbery.
395. Punishment for dacoity.
396. Dacoity with murder.
397. Robbery, or dacoity, with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt.
398. Attempt to commit robbery or dacoity when armed with deadly weapon.
399. Making preparation to commit dacoity.
400. Punishment for belonging to gang of dacoits.
401. Punishment for belonging to gang of thieves.
402. Assembling for purpose of committing dacoity.
Of Criminal Misappropriation of Property
403. Dishonest misappropriation of property.
404. Dishonest misappropriation of property possessed by deceased person at the time of his
death.
Of Criminal Breach of Trust
405. Criminal breach of trust.
406. Punishment for criminal breach of trust.
407. Criminal breach of trust by carrier, etc.
408. Criminal breach of trust by clerk or servant.
409. Criminal breach of trust by public, servant. or by banker, merchant or agent.
Of the Receiving of Stolen Property
410. Stolen property.
411. Dishonestly receiving stolen property.
412. Dishonestly receiving property stolen in the commission of a dacoity.
413. Habitually dealing in stolen property.
414. Assisting in concealment of stolen property.
Of Cheating
415. Cheating.
416. Cheating by personation.
417. Punishment for cheating.
418. Cheating with knowledge that wrongful loss may ensue to person whose interest
offender is bound to protect.
419. Punishment for cheating by personation.
420. Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property.
Of Fraudulent Deeds and Dispositions of Property
421. Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property to prevent distribution
among creditor.
422. Dishonestly or fraudulently preventing debt being available for creditors.
423. Dishonest or fraudulent execution of deed of transfer containing false statement of
consideration.
424. Dishonest or fraudulent removal or concealment of property.
Of Mischief
425. Mischief.
426. Punishment for mischief.
427. Mischief causing damage to the amount of fifty rupees.
428. Mischief by killing or maiming animal of the value of ten rupees.
429. Mischief by killing or maiming cattle, etc., of any value or any animal of the value of
fifty rupees.
430. Mischief by injury to works of irrigation or by wrongfully diverting water.
431. Mischief by injury to public road, bridge, river or channel.
432. Mischief by causing inundation or obstruction to public drainage attended with damage.
433. Mischief by destroying, moving or rendering less useful a light-house or sea-mark.
434. Mischief by destroying or moving, etc., a land-mark fixed by public authority.
435. Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to cause damage to amount of one
hundred or (in case of agricultural
produce ) ten rupees.
436. Mischief by fire or explosive substance with intent to destroy house, etc.
437. Mischief with intent to destroy or make unsafe a decked vessel or one of twenty tons
burden.
438. Punishment for the mischief described in section 437 committed by fire or explosive
substance.
439. Punishment for intentionally running vessel agroun, or ashore with intent to commit
theft, etc.
440. Mischief committed after preparation made for causing death or hurt.
Of Criminal Trespass
441. Criminal trespass.
442. House-trespass.
443. Lurking house-trespass.
444. Lurking house-trespass by night.
445. House-breaking.
446. House-breaking by night.
447. Punishment for criminal trespass.
448. Punishment for house-trespass.
449. House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with death.
450. House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment for life.
451. House-trespass in order to commit offence punishable with imprisonment.
452. House-trespass after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful restraint.
453. Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking.
454. Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking in order to commit offence punishable with
imprisonment.
455. Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking after preparation for hurt, assault or wrongful
restraint.
456. Punishment for lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night.
457. Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night in order to commit offence
punishable with imprisonment.
458. Lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night after preparation for hurt, assault, or
wrongful restraint.
459. Grievous hurt caused whilst committing lurking house-trespass or house-breaking.
460. All persons jointly concerned in lurking house-trespass or house-breaking by night
punishable where death or grievous
hurt caused by one of them.
461. Dishonestly breaking open receptacle containing property.
462. Punishment for same offence when committed by person entrusted with custody.
CHAPTER XVIII
OF OFFENCES RELATING TO DOCUMENTS AND TO PROPERTY MARKS
463. Forgery.
464. Making a false document.
465. Punishment for forgery.
466. Forgery of record of Court or of public register, etc.
467. Forgery of valuable security, will, etc.
468. Forgery for purpose of cheating.
469. Forgery for purpose of harming reputation.
470. Forged document.
471. Using as genuine a forged document or electronic record.
472. Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable
under section 467.
473. Making or possessing counterfeit seal, etc., with intent to commit forgery punishable
otherwise.
474. Having possession of document described in section 466 or 467, knowing it to be forged
and intending to use it as
genuine.
475. Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents described in section
467, or possessing counterfeit
marked material.
476. Counterfeiting device or mark used for authenticating documents other than those
described in section 467, or
possessing counterfeit marked material.
477. Fraudulent cancellation, destruction, etc., of will, authority to adopt, or valuable
security.
477A. Falsification of accounts.
Of Property and Other Marks
478. [Repealed.]
479. Property mark.
480. [Repealed.]
481. Using a false property mark.
482. Punishment for using a false property mark.
483. Counterfeiting a property mark used by another.
484. Counterfeiting a mark used by a public servant.
485. Making or possession of any instrument for counterfeiting a property mark.
486. Selling goods marked with a counterfeit property mark.
487. Making a false mark upon any receptacle containing goods.
488. Punishment for making use of any such false mark.
489. Tampering with property mark with intent to cause injury.
Of Currency-Notes and Bank-Notes
[Link] currency-notes or bank-notes.
489B. Using as genuine, forged or counterfeit currency-notes or bank-notes.
489C. Possession of forged or counterfeit currency notes or bank-notes.
489D. Making or possessing instruments or materials for forging or counterfeiting currency-
notes or bank-notes.
489E. Making or using documents resembling currency-notes or bank-notes.
CHAPTER XIX
OF THE CRIMINAL BREACH OF CONTRACTS OF SERVICE
490. [Repealed.]
491. Breach of contract to attend on and supply wants of helpless person.
492. [Repealed.]
CHAPTER XX
OF OFFENCES RELATINGTO MARRIAGE
493. Cohabitation caused by a man deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage.
494. Marrying again during life-time of husband or wife.
495. Same offence with concealment of former marriage from person with whom subsequent
marriage is contracted.
496. Marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage.
497. Adultery.
498. Enticing or taking away or detaining with criminal intent a married woman.
CHAPTER XXA
OF CRUELTY BY HUSBAND OR RELATIVES OF HUSBAND
498A. Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty.
CHAPTER XXI
OF DEFAMATION
499. Defamation.
Imputation of truth which public good requires to be made or published.
Public conduct of public servants.
Conduct of any person touching any public question.
Publication of reports of proceedings of Courts.
Merits of case decided in Court or conduct of witnesses and others concerned.
Merits of public performance.
Censure passed in good faith by person having lawful authority over another.
Accusation preferred in good faith to authorised person.
Imputation made in good faith by person for protection of his or other's interests.
Caution intended for good of person to whom conveyed or for public good.
500. Punishment for defamation.
501. Printing or engraving matter known to be defamatory.
502. Sale of printed or engraved substance containing defamatory matter.
CHAPTER XXII
OR CRIMINAL INTIMIDATION, INSULTAND ANNOYANCE
503. Criminal intimidation.
504. Intentional insult with intent to provoke breach of the peace.
505. Statements conducing to public mischief.
Statements creating or promoting enmity, hatred or ill-will between classes.
Offence under sub-section (2) committed in place of worship, etc.
506. Punishment for criminal intimidation.
If threat be to cause death or grievous hurt, etc.
507. Criminal intimidation by an anonymous communication.
508. Act caused by inducing person to believe that he will be rendered an object of the Divine
displeasure.
509. Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman.
510. Misconduct in public by a drunken person.
CHAPTER XXIII
OF ATTEMPTS OF COMMIT OFFENCES
511. Punishment for attempting to commit offences punishable with imprisonment for life or
other
imprisonment.
THE INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT, 1872
_________
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
__________
PART I
RELEVANCY OF FACTS
CHAPTER I. –– PRELIMINARY
1. Short title.
Extent.
Commencement of Act.
2. [Repealed.].
3. Interpretation-clause.
“Court”.
“Fact”.
“ Relevant”.
“Facts in issue”.
“Document”.
“Evidence”.
“Proved”.
“Disproved”.
“Not proved”.
“India”.
4. “ May Presume”.
“Shall presume”.
“Conclusive proof”.
CHAPTER II. –– OF THE RELEVANCY OF FACTS
5. Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts.
6. Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction.
7. Facts which are the occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue.
8. Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct.
9. Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts.
10. Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design.
11. When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant.
12. In suits for damages, facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant.
13. Facts relevant when right or custom is in question.
14. Facts showing existence of state of mind, or of body, of bodily feeling.
15. Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentional.
16. Existence of course of business when relevant.
ADMISSIONS
17. Admission defined
18. Admission ––
by party to proceeding or his agent;
by suitor in representative character;
by party interested in subject-matter;
by person from whom interest derived.
19. Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit.
20. Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suit.
21. Proof of admissions against persons making them, and by or on their behalf.
22. When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant.
22A. When oral admission as to contents of electronic records are relevant.
23. Admissions in civil cases when relevant.
24. Confession caused by inducement, threat or promise, when irrelevant in criminal
proceeding.
25. Confession to police-officer not to be proved.
26. Confession by accused while in custody of Police not to be proved against him.
27. How much of information received from accused, may be proved.
28. Confession made after removal of impression caused by inducement, threat or promise,
relevant.
29. Confession otherwise relevant not to become irrelevant because of promise of secrecy,
etc.
30. Consideration of proved confession affecting person making it and others jointly under
trial for same offence.
31. Admissions not conclusive proof, but may estop.
STATEMENTS BY PERSONS WHO CANNOT BE CALLED AS WITNESSES
32. Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc.,
is relevant.
When it relates to cause of death;
or is made in course of business;
or against interest of maker;
or gives opinion as to public right or custom, or matters of general interest;
or relates to existence of relationship;
or is made in will or deed relating to family affairs;
or in document relating to transaction mentioned in section 13, clause (a);
or is made by several persons, and expresses feelings relevant to matter in question.
33. Relevancy of certain evidence for proving, in subsequent proceeding, the truth of facts
therein stated.
STATEMENTS MADE UNDER SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES
34. Entries in books of account when relevant.
35. Relevancy of entry in public record made in performance of duty.
36. Relevancy of statements in maps, charts and plans.
37. Relevancy of statement as to fact of public nature contained in certain Acts or
notifications.
38. Relevancy of statements as to any law contained in law-books.
HOW MUCH OF A STATEMENT IS TO BE PROVED
39. What evidence to be given when statement from part of a conversation, document,
electronic record, book or series of letters or papers.
JUDGMENTS OF COURTS OF JUSTICE WHEN RELEVANT
40. Previous judgments relevant to bar a second suit or trial.
41. Relevancy of certain judgments in probate, etc., jurisdiction.
42. Relevancy and effect of judgments, orders or decrees, other than those mentioned in
section 41.
43. Judgments, etc., other than those mentioned in sections 40, 41 and 42, when relevant.
44. Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved.
OPINIONS OF THIRD PERSONS WHEN RELEVANT
45. Opinions of experts.
45A. Opinion of Examiner of Electronic Evidence.
46. Facts hearing upon opinions of experts.
47. Opinion as to handwriting, when relevant.
47A. Opinion as to digital signature, when relevant.
48. Opinion as to existence of right or custom, when relevant.
49. Opinion as to usages, tenets, etc., when relevant.
50. Opinion on relationship, when relevant.
51. Grounds of opinion, when relevant.
CHARACTER WHEN RELEVANT
52. In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed, irrelevant.
53. In criminal cases previous good character relevant.
53A. Evidence of character or previous sexual experience not relevant in certain cases.
54. Previous bad character not relevant, except in reply.
55. Character as affecting damages.
PART II
ON PROOF
CHAPTER III.— FACTS WHICH NEED NOT BE PROVED
56. Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved.
57. Facts of which Court must take judicial notice.
58. Facts admitted need not be proved.
CHAPTER IV.—OF ORAL EVIDENCE
59. Proof of facts by oral evidence.
60. Oral evidence must be direct.
CHAPTER V.— OF DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE
61. Proof of contents of documents.
62. Primary evidence.
63. Secondary evidence.
64. Proof of documents by primary evidence.
65. Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given.
65A. Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record.
65B. Admissibility of electronic records.
66. Rules as to notice to produce.
67. Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document
produced.
67A. Proof as to electronic signature.
68. Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested.
69. Proof where no attesting witness found.
70. Admission of execution by party to attested document.
71. Proof when attesting witness denies the execution.
72. Proof of document not required by law to be attested.
73. Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved.
73A. Proof as to verification of digital signature.
PUBLIC DOCUMENTS
74. Public documents.
75. Private documents.
76. Certified copies of public documents.
77. Proof of documents by production of certified copies.
78. Proof of other official documents.
PRESUMPTIONS AS TO DOCUMENTS
79. Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies.
80. Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence.
81. Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, private Acts of Parliament and other documents.
81A. Presumption as to Gazettes in electronic forms.
82. Presumption as to document admissible in England without proof of seal or signature.
83. Presumption as to maps or plans made by authority of Government.
84. Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions.
85. Presumptions as to powers-of-attorney.
85A. Presumption as to electronic agreements.
85B. Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures.
85C. Presumption as to electronic signature certificates.
86. Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records.
87. Presumption as to books, maps and charts.
88. Presumption as to telegraphic messages.
88A. Presumption as to electronic messages.
89. Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced.
90. Presumption as to documents thirty years old.
90A. Presumption as to electronic records five years old.
CHAPTER VI. –– OF THE EXCLUSION OF ORAL BY DOCUMENTARY
EVIDENCE
91. Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced to form
of document.
92. Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement.
93. Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document.
94. Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts.
95. Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts.
96. Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons.
97. Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts, to neither of which the
whole correctly applies.
98. Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc.
99. Who may give evidence of agreement varying terms of document.
100. Saving of provisions of Indian Succession Act relating to wills.
PART III
PRODUCTION AND EFFECT OF EVIDENCE
CHAPTER VII. –– OF THE BURDEN OF PROOF
101. Burden of proof.
102. On whom burden of proof lies.
103. Burden of proof as to particular fact.
104. Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissible.
105. Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptions.
106. Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge.
107. Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within thirty years.
108. Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years.
109. Burden of proof as to relationship in the cases of partners, landlord and tenant, principal
and
agent.
110. Burden of proof as to ownership.
111. Proof of good faith in transactions where one party is in relation of active confidence.
111A. Presumption as to certain offences.
112. Birth during marriage, conclusive proof of legitimacy.
113. Proof of cession of territory.
113A. Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman.
113B. Presumption as to dowry death.
114. Court may presume existence of certain facts.
114A. Presumption as to absence of consent in certain prosecution for rape
CHAPTER VIII. –– ESTOPPEL
115. Estoppel.
116. Estoppel of tenants and of licensee of person in possession.
117. Estoppel of acceptor of bill of exchange, bailee or licensee.
CHAPTER IX.— OF WITNESSES
118. Who may testify.
119. Witness unable to communicate verbally.
120. Parties to civil suit, and their wives or husbands. Husband or wife of person under
criminal trial.
121. Judges and Magistrates.
122. Communications during marriage
123. Evidence as to affairs of State.
124. Official communications.
125. Information as to commission of offences.
126. Professional communications.
127. Section 126 to apply to interpreters, etc.
128. Privilege not waived by volunteering evidence.
129. Confidential communications with legal advisers.
130. Production of title-deeds of witness not a party.
131. Production of documents or electronic records which another person, having possession,
could refuse to produce.
132. Witness not excused from answering on ground that answer will criminate.
Proviso.
133. Accomplice.
134. Number of witnesses.
CHAPTER X. –– OF THE EXAMINATION OF WITNESSES
135. Order of production and examination of witnesses.
136. Judge to decide as to admissibility of evidence.
137. Examination-in-chief.
Cross-examination.
Re-examination.
138. Order of examinations.
Direction of re-examination.
139. Cross-examination of person called to produce a document.
140. Witnesses to character.
141. Leading questions.
142. When they must not be asked.
143. When they may be asked.
144. Evidence as to matters in writing.
145. Cross-examination as to previous statements in writing
146. Questions lawful in cross-examination.
147. When witness to be compelled to answer.
148. Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to answer.
149. Question not to be asked without reasonable grounds.
150. Procedure of Court in case of question being asked without reasonable grounds.
151. Indecent and scandalous questions.
152. Questions intended to insult or annoy.
153. Exclusion of evidence to contradict answers to questions testing veracity.
154. Question by party to his own witness.
155. Impeaching credit of witness.
156. Questions tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact, admissible.
157. Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same
fact.
158. What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under
section 32 or 33.
159. Refreshing memory.
When witness may use copy of document to refresh memory.
160. Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in section159.
161. Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memory.
162. Production of documents.
Translation of documents.
163. Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on notice.
164. Using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice.
165. Judge’s power to put questions or order production.
166. Power of jury or assessors to put questions.
CHAPTER XI–– OF IMPROPER ADMISSION AND REJECTION OF EVIDENCE
167. No new trial for improper admission or rejection of evidence.
THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973
________
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
________
CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
SECTIONS
1. Short title, extent and commencement.
2. Definitions.
3. Construction of references.
4. Trial of offences under the Indian Penal Code and other laws.
5. Saving.
CHAPTER II
CONSTITUTION OF CRIMINAL COURTS AND OFFICES
6. Classes of Criminal Courts.
7. Territorial divisions.
8. Metropolitan areas.
9. Court of Session.
10. Subordination of Assistant Sessions Judges.
11. Courts of Judicial Magistrates.
12. Chief Judicial Magistrate and Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, etc.
13. Special Judicial Magistrates.
14. Local jurisdiction of Judicial Magistrates.
15. Subordination of Judicial Magistrates.
16. Courts of Metropolitan Magistrates.
17. Chief Metropolitan Magistrate and Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate.
18. Special Metropolitan Magistrates.
19. Subordination of Metropolitan Magistrates.
20. Executive Magistrates.
21. Special Executive Magistrates.
22. Local Jurisdiction of Executive Magistrates.
23. Subordination of Executive Magistrates.
24. Public Prosecutors.
25. Assistant Public Prosecutors.
25A. Directorate of Prosecution.
CHAPTER III
POWER OF COURTS
26. Courts by which offences are triable.
27. Jurisdiction in the case of juveniles.
28. Sentences which High Courts and Sessions Judges may pass.
29. Sentences which Magistrates may pass.
30. Sentence of imprisonment in default of fine.
31. Sentence in cases of conviction of several offences at one trial.
32. Mode of conferring powers.
33. Powers of officers appointed.
34. Withdrawal of powers.
35. Powers of Judges and Magistrates exercisable by their successors-in-office.
CHAPTER IV
A.–POWERS OF SUPERIOR OFFICERS OF POLICE
36. Powers of superior officers of police.
B.–AID TO THE MAGISTRATES AND THE POLICE
37. Public when to assist Magistrates and police.
38. Aid to person, other than police officer, executing warrant.
39. Public to give information of certain offences.
40. Duty of officers employed, in connection with the affairs of a village to make certain
report.
CHAPTER V
ARREST OF PERSONS
41. When police may arrest without warrant.
41A. Notice of appearance before police officer.
41B. Procedure of arrest and duties of officer making arrest.
41C. Control room at districts.
41D. Right of arrested person to meet an advocate of his choice during interrogation.
42. Arrest on refusal to give name and residence.
43. Arrest by private person and procedure on such arrest.
44. Arrest by Magistrate.
45. Protection of members of the Armed Forces from arrest.
46. Arrest how made.
47. Search of place entered by person sought to be arrested.
48. Pursuit of offenders into other jurisdictions.
49. No unnecessary restraint.
50. Person arrested to be informed of grounds of arrest and of right to bail.
50A. Obligation of person making arrest to inform about the arrest, etc., to a nominated
person.
51. Search of arrested person.
52. Power to seize offensive weapons.
53. Examination of accused by medical practitioner at the request of police officer.
53A. Examination of person accused of rape by medical practitioner.
54. Examination of arrested person by medical officer.
54A. Identification of person arrested.
55. Procedure when police officer deputes subordinate to arrest without warrant.
55A. Health and safety of arrested person.
56. Person arrested to be taken before Magistrate or officer in charge of police station.
57. Person arrested not to be detained more than twenty-four hours.
58. Police to report apprehensions.
59. Discharge of person apprehended.
60. Power, on escape, to pursue and retake.
60A. Arrest to be made strictly according to the Code.
CHAPTER VI
PROCESSES TO COMPEL APPEARANCE
A.–Summons
61. Form of summons.
62. Summons how served.
63. Service of summons on corporate bodies and societies.
64. Service when persons summoned cannot be found.
65. Procedure when service cannot be effected as before provided.
66. Service on Government servant.
67. Service of summons outside local limits.
68. Proof of service in such cases and when serving officer not present.
69. Service of summons on witness by post.
B.–Warrant of arrest
70. Form of warrant of arrest and duration.
71. Power to direct security to be taken.
72. Warrants to whom directed.
73. Warrant may be directed to any person.
74. Warrant directed to police officer.
75. Notification of substance of warrant.
76. Person arrested to be brought before Court without delay.
77. Where warrant may be executed.
78. Warrant forwarded for execution outside jurisdiction.
79. Warrant directed to police officer for execution outside jurisdiction.
80. Procedure on arrest of person against whom warrant issued.
81. Procedure by Magistrate before whom such person arrested is brought
C.–Proclamation and attachment
82. Proclamation for person absconding.
83. Attachment of property of person absconding.
84. Claims and objections to attachment.
85. Release, sale and restoration of attached property.
86. Appeal from order rejecting application for restoration of attached property.
D.–Other rules regarding processes
87. Issue of warrant in lieu of, or in addition to, summons.
88. Power to take bond for appearance.
89. Arrest on breach of bond for appearance.
90. Provisions of this Chapter generally applicable to summonses and warrants of arrest.
CHAPTER VII
PROCESSES TO COMPEL THE PRODUCTION OF THINGS
A.–Summons to produce
91. Summons to produce document or other thing.
92. Procedure as to letters and telegrams.
B.–Search-warrants
93. When search-warrant may be issued.
94. Search of place suspected to contain stolen property, forged documents, etc.
95. Power to declare certain publications forfeited and to issue search-warrants for the same.
96. Application to High Court to set aside declaration of forfeiture.
97. Search for persons wrongfully confined.
98. Power to compel restoration of abducted females.
C.–General provisions relating to searches
99. Direction, etc., of search-warrants.
100. Persons in charge of closed place to allow search.
101. Disposal of things found in search beyond jurisdiction.
D.–Miscellaneous
102. Power of police officer to seize certain property.
103. Magistrate may direct search in his presence.
104. Power to impound document, etc., produced.
105. Reciprocal arrangements regarding processes.
CHAPTER VIIA
RECIPROCAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR ASSISTANCE IN CERTAIN MATTERS
AND PROCEDURE FOR
ATTACHMENT AND FORFEITURE OF PROPERTY
105A. Definitions.
105B. Assistance in securing transfer of persons.
105C. Assistance in relation to orders of attachment or forfeiture of property.
105D. Identifying unlawfully acquired property.
105E. Seizure or attachment of property.
105F. Management of properties seized or forfeited under this Chapter.
105G. Notice of forfeiture of property.
105H. Forfeiture of property in certain cases.
105-I. Fine in lieu of forfeiture.
105J. Certain transfers to be null and void.
105K. Procedure in respect of letter of request.
105L. Application of this Chapter.
CHAPTER VIII
SECURITY FOR KEEPING THE PEACE AND FOR GOOD BEHAVIOUR
106. Security for keeping the peace on conviction.
107. Security for keeping the peace in other cases.
108. Security for good behaviour from persons disseminating seditious matters.
109. Security for good behaviour from suspected persons.
110. Security for good behaviour from habitual offenders.
111. Order to be made.
112. Procedure in respect of person present in Court.
113. Summons or warrant in case of person not so present.
114. Copy of order to accompany summons or warrant.
115. Power to dispense with personal attendance.
116. Inquiry as to truth of information.
117. Order to give security.
118. Discharge of person informed against.
119. Commencement of period for which security is required.
120. Contents of bond.
121. Power to reject sureties.
122. Imprisonment in default of security.
123. Power to release persons imprisoned for failing to give security.
124. Security for unexpired period of bond.
CHAPTER IX
ORDER FOR MAINTENANCE OF WIVES, CHILDREN AND PARENTS
125. Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents.
126. Procedure.
127. Alteration in allowance.
128. Enforcement of order of maintenance.
CHAPTER X
MAINTENANCE OF PUBLIC ORDER AND TRANQUILLITY
A.–Unlawful assemblies
129. Dispersal of assembly by use of civil force.
130. Use of armed forces to disperse assembly.
131. Power of certain armed force officers to disperse assembly.
132. Protection against prosecution for acts done under preceding sections.
B.–Public nuisances
133. Conditional order for removal of nuisance.
134. Service or notification of order.
135. Person to whom order is addressed to obey or show cause.
136. Consequences of his failing to do so.
137. Procedure where existence of public right is denied.
138. Procedure where he appears to show cause.
139. Power of Magistrate to direct local investigation and examination of an expert.
140. Power of Magistrate to furnish written instructions, etc.
141. Procedure on order being made absolute and consequences of disobedience.
142. Injunction pending inquiry.
143. Magistrate may prohibit repetition or continuance of public nuisance.
C.–Urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger
144. Power to issue order in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger.
D.–Disputes as to immovable property
145. Procedure where dispute concerning land or water is likely to cause breach of peace.
146. Power to attach subject of dispute and to appoint receiver.
147. Dispute concerning right of use of land or water.
148. Local inquiry.
CHAPTER XI
PREVENTIVE ACTION OF THE POLICE
149. Police to prevent cognizable offences.
150. Information of design to commit cognizable offences.
151. Arrest to prevent the commission of cognizable offences.
152. Prevention of injury to public property.
153. Inspection of weights and measures.
CHAPTER XII
INFORMATION TO THE POLICE AND THEIR POWERS TO INVESTIGATE
154. Information in cognizable cases.
155. Information as to non-cognizable cases and investigation of such cases
156. Police officer’s power to investigate cognizable case.
157. Procedure for investigation.
158. Report how submitted.
159. Power to hold investigation or preliminary inquiry.
160. Police officer’s power to require attendance of witnesses.
161. Examination of witnesses by police.
162. Statements to police not to be signed: Use of statements in evidence.
163. No inducement to be offered.
164. Recording of confessions and statements.
164A. Medical examination of the victim of rape.
165. Search by police officer.
166. When officer in charge of police station may require another to issue search-warrant.
166A. Letter of request to competent authority for investigation in a country or place outside
India.
166B. Letter of request from a country or place outside India to a Court or an authority for
investigation in India.
167. Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in twenty-four hours.
168. Report of investigation by subordinate police officer.
169. Release of accused when evidence deficient.
170. Cases to be sent to Magistrate, when evidence is sufficient
171. Complainant and witnesses not to be required to accompany police officer and not to be
subjected to restraint.
172. Diary of proceedings in investigation.
173. Report of police officer on completion of investigation.
174. Police to enquire and report on suicide, etc.
175. Power to summon persons.
176. Inquiry by Magistrate into cause of death.
CHAPTER XIII
JURISDICTION OF THE CRIMINAL COURTS IN INQUIRIES AND TRIALS
177. Ordinary place of inquiry and trial.
178. Place of inquiry or trial.
179. Offence triable where act is done or consequence ensues.
180. Place of trial where act is an offence by reason of relation to other offence.
181. Place of trial in case of certain offences.
182. Offences committed by letters, etc.
183. Offence committed on journey or voyage.
184. Place of trial for offences triable together.
185. Power to order cases to be tried in different sessions divisions.
186. High Court to decide, in case of doubt, district where inquiry or trial shall take place.
187. Power to issue summons or warrant for offence committed beyond local jurisdiction.
188. Offence committed outside India.
189. Receipt of evidence relating to offences committed outside India.
CHAPTER XIV
CONDITIONS REQUISITE FOR INITIATION OF PROCEEDINGS
190. Cognizance of offences by Magistrates.
191. Transfer on application of the accused.
192. Making over of cases to Magistrates.
193. Cognizance of offences by Courts of Session.
194. Additional and Assistant Sessions Judges to try cases made over to them.
195. Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority of public servants, for offences against
public
justice and for offences relating to documents given in evidence.
195A. Procedure for witnesses in case of threatening, etc.
196. Prosecution for offences against the State and for criminal conspiracy to commit such
offence.
197. Prosecution of Judges and public servants.
198. Prosecution for offences against marriage.
198A. Prosecution of offences under section 498A of the Indian Penal Code.
198B. Cognizance of offence.
199. Prosecution for defamation.
CHAPTER XV
COMPLAINTS TO MAGISTRATES
200. Examination of complainant.
201. Procedure by Magistrate not competent to take cognizance of the case.
202. Postponement of issue of process.
203. Dismissal of complaint.
CHAPTER XVI
COMMENCEMENT OF PROCEEDINGS BEFORE MAGISTRATES
204. Issue of process.
205. Magistrate may dispense with personal attendance of accused.
206. Special summons in cases of petty offence.
207. Supply to the accused of copy of police report and other documents.
208. Supply of copies of statements and documents to accused in other cases triable by Court
of Session.
209. Commitment of case to Court of Session when offence is triable exclusively by it.
210. Procedure to be followed when there is a complaint case and police investigation in
respect of the same offence.
CHAPTER XVII
THE CHARGE
A.–Form of charges
211. Contents of charge.
212. Particulars as to time, place and person.
213. When manner of committing offence must be stated.
214. Words in charge taken in sense of law under which offence is punishable.
215. Effect of errors.
216. Court may alter charge.
217. Recall of witnesses when charge altered.
B.–Joinder of charges
218. Separate charges for distinct offences.
219. Three offences of same kind within year may be charged together.
220. Trial for more than one offence.
221. Where it is doubtful what offence has been committed.
222. When offence proved included in offence charged.
223. What persons may be charged jointly.
224. Withdrawal of remaining charges on conviction on one of several charges.
CHAPTER XVIII
TRIAL BEFORE A COURT OF SESSION
225. Trial to be conducted by Public Prosecutor.
226. Opening case for prosecution.
227. Discharge.
228. Framing of charge.
229. Conviction on plea of guilty.
230. Date for prosecution evidence.
231. Evidence for prosecution.
232. Acquittal.
233. Entering upon defence.
234. Arguments.
235. Judgment of acquittal or conviction.
236. Previous conviction.
237. Procedure in cases instituted under section 199(2).
CHAPTER XIX
TRIAL OF WARRANT-CASES BY MAGISTRATES
A.–Cases instituted on a police report
238. Compliance with section 207.
239. When accused shall be discharged.
240. Framing of charge.
241. Conviction on plea of guilty.
242. Evidence for prosecution.
243. Evidence for defence.
B.–Cases instituted otherwise than on police report
244. Evidence for prosecution.
245. When accused shall be discharged.
246. Procedure where accused is not discharged.
247. Evidence for defence.
C.–Conclusion of trial
248. Acquittal or conviction.
249. Absence of complainant.
250. Compensation for accusation without reasonable cause.
CHAPTER XX
TRIAL OF SUMMONS-CASES BY MAGISTRATES
251. Substance of accusation to be stated.
252. Conviction on plea of guilty.
253. Conviction on plea of guilty in absence of accused in petty cases.
254. Procedure when not convicted.
255. Acquittal or conviction.
256. Non-appearance or death of complainant.
257. Withdrawal of complaint.
258. Power to stop proceedings in certain cases.
259. Power of Court to convert summons-cases into warrant-cases.
CHAPTER XXI
SUMMARY TRIALS
260. Power to try summarily.
261. Summary trial by Magistrate of the second class.
262. Procedure for summary trials.
263. Record in summary trials.
264. Judgment in cases tried summarily.
265. Language of record and judgment.
CHAPTER XXIA
PLEA BARGAINING
265A. Application of the Chapter.
265B. Application for plea bargaining.
265C. Guidelines for mutually satisfactory disposition.
265D. Report of the mutually satisfactory disposition to be submitted before the Court.
265E. Disposal of the case.
265F. Judgment of the Court.
265G. Finality of the judgment.
265H. Power of the Court in plea bargaining
265-I. Period of detention undergone by the accused to be set-off against the sentence of
imprisonment.
265J. Savings.
265K. Statements of accused not to be used.
265L. Non-application of the Chapter.
CHAPTER XXII
ATTENDANCE OF PERSONS CONFINED OR DETAINED IN PRISONS
266. Definitions.
267. Power to require attendance of prisoners.
268. Power of State Government to exclude certain persons from operation of section 267.
269. Officer in charge of prison to abstain from carrying out order in certain contingencies.
270. Prisoner to be brought to Court in custody.
271. Power to issue commission for examination of witness in prison.
CHAPTER XXIII
EVIDENCE IN INQUIRIES AND TRIALS
A.–Mode of taking and recording evidence
272. Language of Courts.
273. Evidence to be taken in presence of accused.
274. Record in summons-cases and inquiries.
275. Record in warrant-cases.
276. Record in trial before Court of Session.
277. Language of record of evidence.
278. Procedure in regard to such evidence when completed.
279. Interpretation of evidence to accused or his pleader.
280. Remarks respecting demeanour of witness.
281. Record of examination of accused.
282. Interpreter to be bound to interpret truthfully.
283. Record in High Court.
B.–Commissions for the examination of witnesses
284. When attendance of witness may be dispensed with and commission issued.
285. Commission to whom to be issued.
286. Execution of commissions.
287. Parties may examine witnesses.
288. Return of commission.
289. Adjournment of proceeding.
290. Execution of foreign commissions.
291. Deposition of medical witness.
291A. Identification report of Magistrate.
292. Evidence of officers of the Mint.
293. Reports of certain Government scientific experts.
294. No formal proof of certain documents.
295. Affidavit in proof of conduct of public servants.
296. Evidence of formal character on affidavit.
297. Authorities before whom affidavits may be sworn.
298. Previous conviction or acquittal how proved.
299. Record of evidence in absence of accused.
CHAPTER XXIV
GENERAL PROVISIONS AS TO INQUIRIES AND TRIALS
300. Person once convicted or acquitted not to be tried for same offence.
301. Appearance by Public Prosecutors.
302. Permission to conduct prosecution.
303. Right of person against whom proceedings are instituted to be defended.
304. Legal aid to accused at State expense in certain cases.
305. Procedure when corporation or registered society is an accused.
306. Tender of pardon to accomplice.
307. Power to direct tender of pardon.
308. Trial of person not complying with conditions of pardon.
309. Power to postpone or adjourn proceedings.
310. Local inspection.
311. Power to summon material witness, or examine person present.
311A. Power of Magistrate to order person to give specimen signatures or handwriting.
312. Expenses of complainants and witnesses.
313. Power to examine the accused.
314. Oral arguments and memorandum of arguments.
315. Accused person to be competent witness.
316. No influence to be used to induce disclosure.
317. Provision for inquiries and trial being held in the absence of accused in certain cases.
318. Procedure where accused does not understand proceedings.
319. Power to proceed against other persons appearing to be guilty of offence.
320. Compounding of offences.
321. Withdrawal from prosecution.
322. Procedure in cases which Magistrate cannot dispose of.
323. Procedure when, after commencement of inquiry or trial, Magistrate finds case should
be committed.
324. Trial of persons previously convicted of offences against coinage, stamp-law or
property.
325. Procedure when Magistrate cannot pass sentence sufficiently severe.
326. Conviction or commitment on evidence partly recorded by one Judge or Magistrate and
partly
by another.
327. Court to be open.
CHAPTER XXV
PROVISIONS AS TO ACCUSED PERSONS OF UNSOUND MIND
328. Procedure in case of accused being lunatic.
329. Procedure in case of person of unsound mind tried before Court.
330. Release of person of unsound mind pending investigation or trial.
331. Resumption of inquiry or trial.
332. Procedure on accused appearing before Magistrate or Court.
333. When accused appears to have been of sound mind.
334. Judgment of acquittal on ground of unsoundness of mind.
335. Person acquitted on such ground to be detained in safe custody.
336. Power of State Government to empower officer-in-charge to discharge.
337. Procedure where lunatic prisoner is reported capable of making his defence.
338. Procedure where lunatic detained is declared fit to be released.
339. Delivery of lunatic to care of relative or friend.
CHAPTER XXVI
PROVISIONS AS TO OFFENCES AFFECTING THE ADMINISTRATION OF
JUSTICE
340. Procedure in cases mentioned in section 195.
341. Appeal.
342. Power to order costs.
343. Procedure of Magistrate taking cognizance.
344. Summary procedure for trial for giving false evidence.
345. Procedure in certain cases of contempt.
346. Procedure where Court considers that case should not be dealt with under section 345.
347. When Registrar or Sub-Registrar to be deemed a Civil Court.
348. Discharge of offender on submission of apology.
349. Imprisonment or committal of person refusing to answer or produce document.
350. Summary procedure for punishment for non-attendance by a witness in obedience to
summons.
351. Appeals from convictions under sections 344, 345, 349 and 350.
352. Certain Judges and Magistrates not to try certain offences when committed before
themselves.
CHAPTER XXVII
THE JUDGMENT
353. Judgment.
354. Language and contents of judgment.
355. Metropolitan Magistrate's judgment.
356. Order for notifying address of previously convicted offender.
357. Order to pay compensation.
357A. Victim compensation scheme.
357B. Compensation to be in addition to fine under section 326A or section 376D of Indian
Penal Code.
357C. Treatment of victims.
358. Compensation to persons groundlessly arrested.
359. Order to pay costs in non-cognizable cases.
360. Order to release on probation of good conduct or after admonition.
361. Special reasons to be recorded in certain cases.
362. Court not to alter judgment.
363. Copy of judgment to be given to the accused and other persons.
364. Judgment when to be translated.
365. Court of Session to send copy of finding and sentence to District Magistrate.
CHAPTER XXVIII
SUBMISSION OF DEATH SENTENCES FOR CONFIRMATION
366. Sentence of death to be submitted by Court of Session for confirmation.
367. Power to direct further inquiry to be made or additional evidence to be taken.
368. Power of High Court to confirm sentence or annul conviction.
369. Confirmation or new sentence to be signed by two Judges.
370. Procedure in case of difference of opinion.
371. Procedure in cases submitted to High Court for confirmation.
CHAPTER XXIX
APPEALS
372. No appeal to lie unless otherwise provided.
373. Appeal from orders requiring security or refusal to accept or rejecting surety for keeping
peace
or good behaviour.
374. Appeals from convictions.
375. No appeal in certain cases when accused pleads guilty.
376. No appeal in petty cases.
377. Appeal by the State Government against sentence.
378. Appeal in case of acquittal.
379. Appeal against conviction by High Court in certain cases.
380. Special right of appeal in certain cases.
381. Appeal to Court of Session how heard.
382. Petition of appeal.
383. Procedure when appellant in jail.
384. Summary dismissal of appeal.
385. Procedure for hearing appeals not dismissed summarily.
386. Powers of the Appellate Court.
387. Judgments of Subordinate Appellate Court.
388. Order of High Court on appeal to be certified to lower Court.
389. Suspension of sentence pending the appeal; release of appellant on bail.
390. Arrest of accused in appeal from acquittal.
391. Appellate Court may take further evidence or direct it to be taken.
392. Procedure where Judges of Court of Appeal are equally divided.
393. Finality of judgments and orders on appeal.
394. Abatement of appeals.
CHAPTER XXX
REFERENCE AND REVISION
395. Reference to High Court.
396. Disposal of case according to decision of High Court.
397. Calling for records to exercise powers of revision.
398. Power to order inquiry.
399. Sessions Judge's powers of revision.
400. Power of Additional Sessions Judge.
401. High Court's powers of revision.
402. Power of High Court to withdraw or transfer revision cases.
403. Option of Court to hear parties.
404. Statement by Metropolitan Magistrate of ground of his decision to be considered by
High Court.
405. High Court's order to be certified to lower Court.
CHAPTER XXXI
TRANSFER OF CRIMINAL CASES
406. Power of Supreme Court to transfer cases and appeals.
407. Power of High Court to transfer cases and appeals.
408. Power of Sessions Judge to transfer cases and appeals.
409. Withdrawal of cases and appeals by Sessions Judges.
410. Withdrawal of cases by Judicial Magistrate.
411. Making over or withdrawal of cases by Executive Magistrates.
412. Reasons to be recorded.
CHAPTER XXXII
EXECUTION, SUSPENSION, REMISSION AND COMMUTATION OF
SENTENCES
A.–Death Sentences
413. Execution of order passed under section 368.
414. Execution of sentence of death passed by High Court.
415. Postponement of execution of sentence of death in case of appeal to Supreme Court.
416. Postponement of capital sentence on pregnant woman.
B.–Imprisonment
417. Power to appoint place of imprisonment.
418. Execution of sentence of imprisonment.
419. Direction of warrant for execution.
420. Warrant with whom to be lodged.
C.–Levy of fine
421. Warrant for levy of fine.
422. Effect of such warrant.
423. Warrant for levy of fine issued by a Court in any territory to which this Code does not
extend.
424. Suspension of execution of sentence of imprisonment.
D.–General provisions regarding execution
425. Who may issue warrant.
426. Sentence on escaped convict when to take effect.
427. Sentence on offender already sentenced for another offence.
428. Period of detention undergone by the accused to be set off against the sentence of
imprisonment.
429. Saving.
430. Return of warrant on execution of sentence.
431. Money ordered to be paid recoverable as a fine.
E.–Suspension, remission and commutation of sentences
432. Power to suspend or remit sentences.
433. Power to commute sentence.
433A. Restriction on powers of remission or commutation in certain cases.
434. Concurrent power of Central Government in case of death sentences.
435. State Government to act after consultation with Central Government in certain cases.
CHAPTER XXXIII
PROVISIONS AS TO BAIL AND BONDS
436. In what cases bail to be taken.
436A. Maximum period for which an undertrial prisoner can be detained.
437. When bail may be taken in case of non-bailable offence.
437A. Bail to require accused to appear before next appellate Court.
438. Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest.
439. Special powers of High Court or Court of Session regarding bail.
440. Amount of bond and reduction thereof.
441. Bond of accused and sureties.
441A. Declaration by sureties.
442. Discharge from custody.
443. Power to order sufficient bail when that first taken is insufficient.
444. Discharge of sureties.
445. Deposit instead of recognizance.
446. Procedure when bond has been forfeited.
446A. Cancellation of bond and bail bond.
447. Procedure in case of insolvency of death of surety or when a bond is forfeited.
448. Bond required from minor.
449. Appeal from orders under section 446.
450. Power to direct levy of amount due on certain recognizances.
CHAPTER XXXIV
DISPOSAL OF PROPERTY
451. Order for custody and disposal of property pending trial in certain cases.
452. Order for disposal of property at conclusion of trial.
453. Payment to innocent purchaser of money found on accused.
454. Appeal against orders under section 452 or section 453.
455. Destruction of libellous and other matter.
456. Power to restore possession of immovable property.
457. Procedure by police upon seizure of property.
458. Procedure when no claimant appears within six months.
459. Power to sell perishable property.
CHAPTER XXXV
IRREGULAR PROCEEDINGS
460. Irregularities which do not vitiate proceedings.
461. Irregularities which vitiate proceedings.
462. Proceedings in wrong place.
463. Non-compliance with provisions of section 164 or section 281.
464. Effect of omission to frame, or absence of, or error in, charge.
465. Finding or sentence when reversible by reason of error, omission or irregularity.
466. Defect or error not to make attachment unlawful.
CHAPTER XXXVI LIMITATION FOR TAKING COGNIZANCE OF CERTAIN OFFENCES
467. Definitions.
468. Bar to taking cognizance after lapse of the period of limitation.
469. Commencement of the period of limitation.
470. Exclusion of time in certain cases.
471. Exclusion of date on which Court is closed.
472. Continuing offence.
473. Extension of period of limitation in certain cases.
CHAPTER XXXVII
MISCELLANEOUS
474. Trials before High Courts.
475. Delivery to commanding officers of persons liable to be tried by Court-martial.
476. Forms.
477. Power of High Court to make rules.
478. Power to alter functions allocated to Executive Magistrate in certain cases.
479. Case in which Judge or Magistrate is personally interested.
480. Practising pleader not to sit as Magistrate in certain Courts.
481. Public servant concerned in sale not to purchase or bid for property.
482. Saving of inherent power of High Court.
483. Duty of High Court to exercise continuous superintendence over Courts of Judicial
Magistrates.
484. Repeal and savings.
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