raphe: Heabess oP seh tod tro: © sdombbiccn pot Pally ered wher unleaded etashe solids p be Re at AY = debocmdion sacar Pull [eo when uplecdes) . Bola Msberiels —» AMY vt Bolel oes oly gels a A zisetoPc Mcberieds —5 52 VIOUSL Ces Y ally ooh (Wesiiam) 217 (shee) 310 aniselef'< eprsgon (el) of ae! eins f] S8) Vibes) at, a Yous Mol oly (6) —(Els bealy Medel) SoU Bayh) doleME qahiony Lop [hve Dimesslony Se lds Cgeneral She), — @ OGM oe gl 3 QO Gay de | © errr! force (6) (xx « by4 ¢ Bez) | D shear shresg im obher 2 dvedhion, (bia) (Sex Sy - ~~ ) pike Hemmal abot Central axis of the Cihes 2 = 62x + Pi = Bey uJ there are & componcl; of sPeores ap ta pau ta bhe set gad called (Stres tower): (st). 6 1 4x o Oy “One - Oe tone -Exy) Bep = OTR « ox> the shainy couse) by Mika these 5 heey shrain Lenser (€ ! arcu) J [ i I

Mabix Parts defbernbil ofeabea, . ry fd. oe ° Ory Uh): yy ao 8 Ws o dbs diy ao Ny ge,7 @ ‘ - L (cei Aly ye) : > Constilulive cqtelioas (steep — strain Relations) . SS —— aa ls Ccé —5 generalized Hooke law A, AnisofoPic Matertals , ba | [Cn C2 Gz Cy Gy Ge ]f Ew bry] |< Cn Ces Cry Loy Coe Eny b22 qu tbium Leabioes hess See Pt 3 4 2) bss, pal Othe 81 Om dbx dé TA TS 4 Se aby oe Y Je d 6x ox * $e A = eee = where. > icky A= —_ “ar Bree Pk at the G rie ” S, &’ Small block im Xr Yr & Gvechions => FE Primbaling the Peviong Carchiony ate Blowing ehiv, eek) & Whee » ay s[Llu rth =) eee fi bedy a L > opwrbe- (4. 24) 5 Gy Page C0 Wb i, te Mey Vy €4.2-6 (“[3)) pBounlary Condes oan Boundary Cord ifions (esseatis): Sue ust, Bye , we age use Zee kept oad oGbus GWT) pom _ Ge eae Be (ebfelment) Jy BD forte Boundary Conditions! and write of on the bownday , a)—> ouk wards ner hee Ni Qe ke@ . % stres and straw * plane stress selid ro phae sha, Solid O Hackney in B-Die v Veq nll Gnpared pester bees. are afP led onl XY Ale o') | D ili shes in B-Die 8 BP (6,2 bes bya = °) | O Ex2= Sy2 =e) phek Epa will rob be ac§ 5B cromples deep Beams L stew wll avd i, Divestiyy Basis | peak b Consheained xP bre strain abd. © thidcney in BD SOY Zp chrerael Brtes apPi) evenly aloy @ Heverat E In BD at at Q) (tar = Exe = Eyg 26) all shen in EO is acre @ (ba = We Seer), o4+ Gea will aot be Bere Ot Evarple. (grit Darn): large ComPreed with XxX A Feo —Dimensiorl Selidy | gs oxx ge Exe 4yY y yy oY éxy = shaln — displacement Br relotionships are: - de bub, Lay So 1 Sy BAS Sennesar Saar febshinshias Gx be rewrite: é-LU\ where, U2 dlox 0 le ‘iY JK Opi dexaap Cooshbidive Cepseb ory fore 2D ol Hooks daw: =) OL. isetropic Med ere / all ( 6227 bat Sat o) we gel: FE. Try 8 c “bat \ coe oF ) . jee gewith dhe Conditecs at dh Condition, of pln stea_plebie @ he phn chew Problems an Cbs2 Ege bye =°) : ee). ” Ele) ) | \ ae cf Ss) 1 ° ples she Wy er ‘ > “ (av) (I-29/ | O (45) pao key@ q Keiiptinn (a1 Money are Dineen) [arial eH “] 5 RoE E> teprm’ He abled force CHesien /Compressis) . xShessad ctra\ dus Exe ox X Cashiubve Equalion (odene OMe Me): XE auton Be Dears: cathe bean is "especial Cave ol the. ane—Dimertionsl sa He. beam the leds are apphed perpendicular te Peam ax —> db lehion tn 2B a afsrclion of X Prblems— 2 . Lx peels fry (tc) ieKeghes, acd Strain: = 7) 3) HB. asap ahs Gesnaelans | Lalhod f an es (sheo- hac) a) shea Shas Exxz) con Ne a 6 foblion In AWB Plan pode laion Prom bear Ceabrid . an\ ea pu ciieg 3 a 2Aiis) J, Bee oe [Na \ cx be OD ewe # Gs te * Conshbubve equabiony 7NUoments A440 Shear L, les. = 2yy = —ol r [Eu = all [ey > E tu| as | Saxe BEY Monten) ig ressling of Uabegraion of lreas Fux —— P the cress saktin( By Ce 12)12-W): ihe jae As [a lw ra pica) Q=dM S J of i dow = m2 an frre 4 5 appt fre on BeamRE Quabions £. Plates: Mee er 5 Ppmperibees of Plad eg: ® Appl Ree is Perperevewlan te the Plne af pla. Amel ty be @ Pie U!2D Bean « Deflection from @ tk Fesal ting debr-proben of Hhe plbes pO t £ beady pand this JePleckian wis in the panties, as alinclion oF X ony, p [abe Appreches of Shdy (dheory of hin piel) 4 “pia” ‘aa _ the fish order shen —alled Sse vevchhott plete they sted: ina 65-987) ema fhe. Wook pl He vn chapter @ - aes Bes 7“xstrey and shal: = CPT assmphion s Merk Jo the Mle (Uiabnl) plas of the tindehrine) st remain shright ardinen the middle parc helng debcodin o Derding =) = 1 (stew) F cob (shel) 08) buy) aes wih, 2, 2 fee Ube) age! aus dihance Pom Gabrold dic Us—-2 av w—o Ib ecbion of the Hidde. Plan vez se Waberal axis) te &Diveclion, 7 Suge ou os al ay Ox x aw Bye Gn = BySe Ceas habe Eqution( MENS 4p) ; 2c£ ; lat, (Gas? my 20 solids o fe ap C) sone shes - My? ting i Ml —s M about A Py—aM Pet ae@® [¢.-2ets] PAID the Holy onthe Crassesedlion Lan be calelahed im sheath Mey B- Beamg: Nplabe 2 Mp Teh fer e -J atdA)le Pry Pe ope ay ee hid er cia Helen shit. ness QO a on + ai [i= A a Ca« d fete Ss@ XEqullibrian Ky ekg iinder shi loadings! 4 —_. yw Ly axchaple © fdamadiay P FEM: MEE MPR cedure! ODeorin DiscreHizakton (Heshing) . @DivPlaceneat- interPrlaion, © Corshruting the shape Pincers ( decevabion ob shape finches) ® Rrmvolin, of FE equations in local Coordinale sytem, | @ Cord inake desialsraablan, @ Psembly of Global FE eprston, alving Phe gla) FE egtelion, g Pins shes Gy Stal ordinades, % Domain Discretizabion(Meshing) > sh pbleness) ent (Ne) Los. “sy Connedlivily =3 Maks, ( Pode) In A ss (ehmens), 7 _ i? by i . > 7 202 Pret phakic) ORG lope (in) JOM pave . (Loee)<) J1O . (operas) sus) 4 B 7 raz. be Ae 2h gePs and Mo Melaps jn MeshingxDvphcemat lerpottien; ai e Ng deed, (u) du.) eal 28 (shai) duet | O. » (Aas) dy AellUdu,) #2 caf, (nbereboy 3 | As, (real hmt) Jy ders (Cente) Ave eee) di=\ a, . - @& det . .@ gato due of Peeden ak poe» in 3D—Kag=3| Displacement in X Dir uy 7 = die vi . a y-Pe, Wy . 2 Edin@ —s if diphemet fmpreat Gaui of Rollin, fy stachve: a > Dip heeme be Gmporen) @ @ lA oss CCne > 7% : (nd) =} bl Dof Be themen- = Nd *Np N— Manx of shape Pndten. Neray-Ltorra se ae Pagers] he puted Nose @ Neve GS) wher ir tm @ 2." 7 + Mina K~ dopheemed. Ni =] Ph e ° Caponen DOF ab ms Pale 2 es 3 foe 3D solide@ X& Shove a Pe cedure foe Conmbeurhing ship fachion: My lek in We Docher Mobs foe Preccdire oF cewrivdin, LO) aby My cor! 1 Gah (W) zo 2G! we . bey X Bar element shape Pella a SS SSS —5 for derevaher Procedure ¢ look ab Docker Note,: pond ad ‘al 1 pou he rou hy = Disp becmarhover the Jenghh,O& Mo Pecmiln of FE eligi ltd lnrinbe syshen 908 - 2 CWI Baty cle eas bed dehrmb., I ae HK Coord irate transprmbion, —————— a=. ,f-TR ,fek e Xe: /KeeT keT ePexnibly_of glob FE epudbion (glob) Ak) wel (k) » Fie P KD-FxCheple O: FEM a TTI TT es 1) a. ¥ SD Tnwes 2D Tre “fore trary Planar Frag : pepe ers > 2Gmpenets in X BY Ditedbiey for Disphunedy Dien, Py DsPhen L ; a a P Onphtenads arth eves 3 shep furelion Cons huchion, iy Pier gene 90 tras Chemenh; ’ B wis Ys2 _Naer —> MedeD Q Nede@ -lergth of element (Le) laa oaks (eat) isteken inthe axial Direclion of the chment with odin ab MedelD i, the [real Gorhinbe shen, thee bone Dok al each Mode oF Ths, chad. wo hb phe ariel JiPheement, Boe there are 2 DA A the clemey “c=Un) = May de where » Me) —>Arabrix of shape Pancha de —>displremen) Vecbor . My [Abo MJ we ee 10) ihe Xshraie Pakix: pe Oras Pe de a 59 ho Jos exe LNde = Bd. Mfenber} B=LM \—» (a7 (gas) ens fe) » WY) aed AP BYRC +) Element ghiy tn the bal eordinle systenc’ whe dotribtd ble b> ee Ue oi te bee hate Ps Pleonar teas seg? pol vir lovddinde system Por© vedgeor | orte in Poe fe clio Ting ees¥ Exon opt (be Exemple) 2 f=} bE aes Cae Ty jae) ab Xz0 You 2 Made\ | 4G) = 4 belt Jee «tee She Yay x We p dol A) =e fa) ae é = U)=e ent slo =f x hess In Ve bar: 4) , Bs Ce 4) -4 ee) wey OXs le z ei, ) aati ek |XEanpk Cras shuchwe) » @ © he, v i O20 , 82-135 JOC (oe) ee Ju © 7 Os =40 SOLS Meabes) 0 d= W@ Grp) Dobe abebel Dot Be Memb e- be} BY 3m Le C |S |p| Dy d« elo | \ | P \ ve o|\ % \3o \ AA ae} \ \ 4! 1 Wt) Hoe) 4 oll |3 4o} aNS CS Xe C 7 co Ss % att ay Ss ber Mewber © Or Oy afl © K,, 2 948 o (0 - ° Cc > for peabe @ = ° k, (ae 2 3 o°7 oO eo -l © Pe Habe : k te.) vw hk A €3 te an ve Ye V2 Yr 2 yr ot es JA(Ke) a2 eG —¢cs ats “. cs gs a ° Yr We Ve al/z lA® 6) © =k,F te a ar aR & x fa te FR te [MO tg FR 2 ae Oo te te de te JD ; ( gbbe! sine) 4 i © DIE ° ° ° } KO ee 3 |e é 2) | Alea a dae | Fut 6 Oe oT M) a 4 , ec e\4tn dh ote om | /O) =3 4 3 A Y o° \"e | | ge) te Ge! | Os) o 4 er Te De Wk (DD) r 4 . [Mrerbained sliPherc) aes) Bre + Rpe-lkw eves) fre@ 7 | Unknown Dy oe) @® ' (h.) F-=k0 a. 2. 2, = lox oR UR ah OD, ate [FNS A st Dy ao ae aE : el ls we ER Ie Dz = Ds “124 a OD, | = |-4-84% lo” m D, A424 ~ Clemens she Gre = E BTDe Gon shew) 3.0 Q Atele > 2 © oe C 3] — Pow Hembe- 0! Bre, 2» HE If ° i “W424 x07 [SS 6.898 #107 [DO — Pr £-)0003 Pqabe Meabe@:! agi ole e ° Sere eee) | ours BAHL I: oo ] be. = -\o023 Pe — [eae -tor Pe) vara? 1.424 Xe | — Pe Menbe-S : ° e spe Lr ee Gx3 2 FeXle ie ve) ce oR aa Jy = WHY Pa 0 ;Reheplee® FE By Bow! © XIrbodadtien aes eect & trasvese loading pincladiry ubich Fésults: Arasvere Jebvahis ey ad H cnet francuase gre abe ‘ Cplen ter e) “ bers there are Ye of ab ody in lec hat wet len. JePlection in Y-Dir W) + and folsdion in yy plre Ox ‘Hk “a fo BAM Xoovebie_ef ghepe Panction: posilve ign every used in FEM Por Beams Os, 2 Oot 5 ps o> inpecamelie Clemenk S54 Jeeey the dsplatemen) ol anélenerd Gn be found by: VC é) eho +0 & hE hf where @ phy Ky 1%) —> the De unbbiewin ola sp We chorsed 3rd Polyneriat pesoure Die are 1 arkrewy in dhe Pelynemial 4 Ni yar} M— 6, (4) Ns —> Na (44) Na —_ §, @x) == shope fagcbion Por bem: a(44 Nebres, And shan: Facka \ where wi[M Ne Me M4) | pee eon) Fad Fad tactile, eaemmscicein's) Brebban «BRD: pewperspennie: the stress of pbdalenseins ot buss=) (Eon -% 02) bates eke y+ %(4+8)Xelement Mabriges: when Hhere aver rs }abto, Bard bransltion ke (ED [7 5 mt Ahad go eh Coben (Mo aashlion) alk) HEN Gk 2c —12 -6L I2 él lyse zur bb LE uivileree of cirifocmly Aiki buded sai ia 4 fe | Ch pu = [A jy iL VW6 HE romple PrlooeN) : mae a B= bTkF MPa yz os 2 i Cevcdiakes yore od D Payal) nase es Lillelar ke! © yw «A Ve Ay eT)fiz ell (" BL hale) D1 —#4%s Celene) Aoi ete © M Vy 2 c ay i q tases np D a i@ ie Ak) se 21 @ ; ota Ue): (EE ye ie Ta ae ci ob he tt 4b git tk OME @® 6) 2) ) sk sl (J) een t 2 ae ay, EL 1D -3L ”) sk HBL Ley S & Ww ger \fie St NR 8b @® {k.) \k.) i f) a - ve | Oy anes Irn ae |G PSL Wr at P ® 5 bod, chit »; ste @® es) ® oo ‘(P-L) UF): [4 Vic; 20 =P OK ON, =? iD.) (Str) eke - Ae al 17 tL, BEL i ° ge UR Ry 7%, = e ‘ ote wat wat |] x é mh Ue tT, 1 @®@® H@ ’| D v 4 ° Oh, 2b1e “3a BT Bett. ey © if A: 7kw/m) z (Fe lem), ¢ 2 oxlo kun) = - aRSt A) Ls qx! (k) None © B44 3360-1344 BRL) (ke, )-teea) 336 Neg BBL LO HIYY 236 44-36 d86 560 Bb N26 Poillnes Habre: ® sgt ohtine ; trek LO Se 5e eo 37h cafe ie ite 3 -15 | 7{-334 Se gem 562] |, ° pee 336 Bee We Osfe dhe anknows debarmbios (Du )* @ ® Calls = 8, [—o ved (ad Ny 8.279 ™ & l--1 0 sad 6; e.o8t ad @ Caleulehe Lhe Membe, inten! bre (h) ad Lio We) 2% Jl J, (Ae) de = De — Ben) pass — a 5 be Menber ©: Ww @ wr Co 4 piss gag BY are fife as ' 336 ie 836 be Pe ow8T a2 W Wd $36 WHY W386 Hj_o2ed T] 25 “1 4s a3q Be 33d (Ut ~ -b25 Ne a] [6 Rw JID) ye A o KAN nee om 4, s oo Kam = 975 KM| deprcblem 4 4a @ b- D Po the Palletng ak one ed ond Peed Bom aren varies Bom (A,) okl(X=9) & Ale) at (X-L) the tsphtement ol end of the bar, nea) eberlic ba, gabgeded bo tense the ether End , the Lette ), calulde + Awe Re{1- 2) Birding The shbhress Malvix 2 Phe bac: - kek (jo)! Je) ( i ae Kx 2 Ale) p whe X=a0 & aaktown ||D=? ther X= o Pusha XEL ts p Del? wher yelef? gl! oe aay p-2 Ade LCD) 10} i. olne Seletea: ome St —_ £\u e-4 fee « fade => 6: pl _ A put L = &) i a (25) acraia® Glebe He dephesnnd ah end oP Ye bar by Maden the bar as Style elemrend having Cress-seeHen| aren quel of the achinl bur ab plpdab alory leg h lp of indy Met shllres Haba (I Wde4E [7] C0) Keo) Ble ukwown & (0 =e). “a Pe AP ep) ad D)is unkne om « IF) -k)(D9 @ & 9 TE P es [P) pAF)CICD.) 3 Die ieQ wry tee bee elements of pied lealh and similar) erchben the ara ab Midpoit of cach, Caltulat displecenc). el end of the bap OFudig the lecn\ shMney Mabrices of chmed,, oh kee AE El, rf rie Henbe(B (Az Fhe - Le . © 2 whe Wo & rag?“ & fas ieee ee 1 Hy ha st i we Can regrle (ker ¥ ke, GHG 3 eGo 3hS zis ait * ehel oAyess tlyiy: i : fess fstriy’ rhess Matrix Krowe -\D), EresAprcbles SBE f oxnitarally adel bere below, 8 Hro5h OF Adeinly Lheory Gives the Horimur def ledbion 2s et uv Wx" “3B4HET. | Pad fhe. Hasan Jefleddion af K=H/2). | 1 4 | a 4 7 | » aye dade) 25; (denenly) Spb p2tpBO of x se | q 8 Faw rR aay BA Bal ofl \ se rn t Fe ay uA O74. 549e ab * Wa ala t 4b “ w 4 qe th ta a a - | envi lad he a => Tolat load,we] - @Ve \. fen ype at tk.) ELI av y al slat Pee Me) GG {ke }. et ‘Wn 4h a iP) slooL “a 3 4h th Ai G, Elw\}ix 31 es) Eta) “nS 1 Up. OO bo CAMEL at BL gt ei, SL ay VAE i) at th oo ° o 4lt o 3b a in Bi (ke) ee lt i ol st at" al ol Ml? wy G 0 a YA TO) . 3 [Ge fi r 6, GV; ©) woe |e sl Ch 6; n 3 {Wo att 16) SArudhure sills) ok! @ ©) ho, gL feo 4M) Vir\o | o (Op oO. \-In\ 4b Wy at \-s4| up | Ox -3 lial + fj@ Ch \- y C ‘0,& @ a ° [k ae ae aie Ure G —3l |, sal" -40’ 7 ‘le 17 ON €I 3e¢ET 4 A.= ° OT@e Apablen BA fo. Preview Problem vf (4 sakm). (Lelom ) - Ex2x08 Kiln Ie Fab tt Clailebe he stars ak pode © Grom right ad kL accord ing bo previo Problem? 2 " 3 7 L - AH Clade = 0.084 Red 24 EL DHX 2K OH Fle? ' Ve = “3ey Hamlet XPS Gji2 $ Oy: sels ___ . ]0, 40.84 Kod 2D Dae MPSxchelrO: FEM fe Praones © (Vora Brad) Jy LP) sew, (dew element) J) G20 (Banc ebnad) dbx yy DEN Ybrloes | + 1“ eur a hale® ow Dat Cig) \ x os, (aSo) YU Q -—eh : (hte) g ‘gl Planar Proms Elerreost Crain) are) Eek in local conrtioake epson : afame element: Ske elrnnd diplcemed Veckor be de2[2D[ ] Laaraseyonennth 7 y ie arose iy taneonet 3 a 4 i b dypleemesl. Comporerls a] 1 at (no@®). Lathe fame elemel. Grhin beth the PoPety of the ty = ad ba ld % Ve element mebrices By Fame clemeds Con b= Si 00H Pomdabey by Combining, elemenl rmabices Por tras ard ew elements, _ae shen abt, ™ fe the Pong chonenh: mh 1 [Ae Gobel boF fermenter E) = sxe s [@® [0% [Oy [die To. | Dy [De KE SS [ot fev [7-4 [oe q Sb SHS = \ | ca 5 S =. Le [evs 5 £=pa a [4 [sa] 3Po (es Ow y jh ° ° ika-f" 4bT ve | bp ee ee c t (AE) 6 UT ’ ° =RED bt Te o 6EL er eT | SHh ° [aJeTreJe['o sey 0 [Rsey “5x oo ° (2B 0 12504 ae Ba Of her tay © o Geo le) (2) Jor ep) ee) [ed ae) ° a mn) ° (v2) 8) Qa e eC \ ° ser) (ue) Ow) o L 7 ° —5xle oo @ sey ADH det lob Feo ° 1504 g.3360 o 5H ° HInboY og Sey B83 60 dp =150y [bb Re tg unafocrmten) ), ILWIE ‘ae wf ( mob Ak ‘ ' ®@ [S (= ee B32 eu = a SE & 8he Men er O: Men k)- {k.).| @ (> ©) G) Us) T2504 0 “Tse = 1250 ° -12504 (Ch) ° sue ° sul e ©.) “Aya54 9 166720 geet oo gpsbo U) [250.4 © i250 12504 9 labo tL oo -5He ° ° pale ° Oy _i2gel 0 g2zso Bod 0 14A Flo >) ~ @ ® @ @ BH? ° Bee ° ° hy) josey (eT Oo 1280.4 12504 7) ages leone oO nia 83360 O,) 5 é 5 Ho ° ° U5) ase? 12501 ee i 9 clase : e1nseH 166722 JV ote 9336 uf gldod ssa s¥ j (9 fe sacs, ebvial LX) Ie @® or ase 12524 aa 8 7 ° ied =, 2 FH 6 tee 7 ia 0 weit | | wet gamer oe 2 lasey 2 wasoy (DION? pee. 77 ° sue ° ( e 5elBouy 12501! 0 = \ap0y ‘ -Peey S Ias04 M250 saz | 8 2 le Pits o 5 4 Tae Ge Ga o O 1 ° zs Le aitmy Ieee tasoy “I +) ' ‘ i aa anser (hTeo Cs) w © && & oe © ® ®@ » [asenbled 1s] 1 @) yy Oa ent !) wed Krom 6p debormabion th Ur 7 U3 7 OG U4 and equd bo Bee ue Ope Us Rei Ry, cP Ry Rs Bes (on er Ans Aes Mas 323 ) 7 Kroon Unkvowa JeP ov melons unknown Rerdtoy, bees,® ‘ [ankeorndeorndag) Jie @ peed 0 (2524 My e ° 5ol2bo4 (sey Y, J-loo 1a5e4 12504 3234440 4, - 3273 2438 ie” in || ~oecol7 Ia, 10.0004 And @) @ ® 2® Gr) eine 4 x | ine, « ww * 1 atasey Hse u, fz ” asco Il, vI jason 0 Base 8 " Ri Rys Ry lee Mg; +3333 Ry A246 4:4 8735 Mey z peer? Rs BA ~12.55 Paj-s 14, 61 = 85.05®- pts Ip, [1] vein 4 1 O (1) ' Fu ate 467 Tye -[Link]? 1a [k. J poo | = Is ys Io ° ee? a, ae # ne —oeeel? -eno0lF Oo [hh] ett F fseocoltelu FEM fr terion) #1 © sl we hae B aplle struduce vil loudiny aching te Ye plone of the plate then we ned fo we (2D Plane she Clemerd). fuck os deeP 92 bean and shear wll) wa when we veh bo model the AL), of wale Preswreon we adim or seileflels on Rebaning Hill, We hate bo ye the (21) shein elemenh ) 5 Rambling Py. plire Skew acd lowe strain B Prblems puch the same except Por the di Pbererce in Ore Ve we Maberial coashel Mabrix. oN 7 lane shainelemos) = Known thickness — loading achingon the ple of Fhe Plabe. ( Phne shein element) unknown tHikney (00) = ledieg Perperdealnn on the Phat oP He elemesd,) athe qudric chen are ved Por sibalian hab tea uirey We aceweaey in shresy athe order of the 2D elegresh isdelermbed by he jeder of The shape Paslonh(Ma, ob Weta), the Une elenta ues [ine cbnpePn Vienrand the Aes ot We cloned ace mat ulile Peg pct ques @lemenh ys Ande hae Reading aad Voce 22 yea @ Curved . same to thed highee ovde, Ag SNe Suxclon, TAA AL Coat elements) Cjrinegovelees) pocedure Le dewtepirg geo a) Tsk shop Pocbin Malrix(W) 5 rm of han Hebil) Dla ¢ of aol etl (R). (v) _.{g)— {k). (E)i) > trangia Cleo trts are Hoarliy ed when we wank he mesh 20 model tavoloving Gomplex geometry wilh aeuke ornes. the Hanger onbrgurhion with phe Singles: tpolestet Pacbore rake ik easier te dealep making froeeios: Pe) vernble inher folabion a wa by : BeAp oh hrickneg(h) (uy ue un 3 G 3 2 ely Shy oy a) 5B ap ekimenk, the fild venbley is the Asphiemenk ab ay Wid hay as conpoey (4 al), fee & 9 tach pede bus ZOO , se (a HecPhingata binale sQor. ws phe bec Cordinate toch clemed Gan be tnkenos game ax the global coordina _p the displcenénk U ig generally 4 bron of the cnordl Pray sand) we expres the dyplectnenl ab ary exatie Peis) ° in He elened wiry he dophemen ak Hee necey ad shape furcloni. Divs) 2 Mey de whece | (de) = : fresplacmats al Node © fBliret, i (2 shape Rardien,) 7 = ee O PPA ey [- Wb ‘ - * -& ? [te * 2 Ww) See ech = u J mde pode — Mede ates of iplacemen) Components ab any Poin in fhe Cha. i wppioaid ey Whe Win fm Phe ol dihconee eon Yhis «5 became the. bee Asploceoren)- comport, are basicly ideperdanl Pom each other,@ Hehape uncbion Conshriteans Pe decin ob Shige Padi epsbions COB U4. 9). Sai Clement}. fl : =f) Oo Ie Hed) ten) whos Hn, Sa sche) ay (426) ant Gary ined bby Cycle permubsbion in Hae orde- ob Ca) (k) ave debecmined oy OY [it Gey then (p=) ke38) iff 2) + the G25) Ae =1)) Htain Madrix s 7 ; <5 Phere are Vhrce AaJor Shtesy conpores [S. J [Sax - $4 4) in the 20 Solid clemet and the cressPerdieg slabs | QPEL (t=, ey Sy}© 421 Con be expressed cg Pilon) Em ade 1 kgy2 av 7 Eay2 Go ade x ec [eztv \ Loy iy ctled the IMenhi operal; t dex o a be | ° a/ey lon Mabry ay d/dy Uz Nee => o-lUsl wd Beer’. Ox o Tho Mh o Dt. fetdew afy [‘ Mo wes us ay bs -{p)}-[18) (PJ (83) Vae shai Mebrix(CB) Be tree tren gular elemerd: cededow Bee he be |: Go Ge & =) Conh.} Hobriy Gb a b& G bs by G—» PgeG)_4@ X Elereak Mabriges. —» p Plane sheg isebspic Maberiudy: shoe Pline shrain iscbropic Maberiay: _leaw 1 vil-v) ° : CF aie) rly) t ° i ° ° (baviea-wy —selenent stirs Mabrix: [ke = hAc Bc B® ae - shan Mets (8) in tray clemese is cghal & Re Me briongular Clemenk Maccurabe elonegh. while in feckngiler element (RJ net Grshuk whidh Provides mare reliskic Plostabbon in she cond shear acrets the sheachwe, % Conshrbing af shape Packon: > We BEBL numbe- the aadey in each Elemeat (e013 4) in embark Courterdeckvse., site each pole ha ZOOF gh (uv) ote thd DOP Be He leew rechagiter ewenb (8) (yrdenosh) a ese n a ary ten) @axrb xh) - LHe clined ir delind here of caked dathe 9 tne dimensions ob sitet ovens Che) OA gh ls denenk i delined - | Gordinde and the Gender of Phe reel ? Deh physica a helm give PY! —sfisepacanetci Loot dindion } ayshem wee remobin vl be bagel on Mitral csralinke DOM) | ea ye) Pactbiono all Poe shgePahin sakishythefunly popesl: ZNizl\\=a|M 4 Me th Wh =I ——— ke (1 fears) ) =! CTyestiin Madr! &slU UeMee yt eliee ny [Ee BA (23 -[(89 bo &) (69) wire wil (ei\\ or yy . = : iz paged +% Blemenh Alabvices: HK beab ded $y kee | cB fuseenayan A “1 i => 2 a numerical inheyrabon stheme te evaltual, Commonly Used Crass inkegrabicn ———. sue ve the intemal + and scheme (Als: - (i1-4)) .(sy x Modded ise-Paramehic reclaapler clones s Namib more Prechial anduely) elemend wwalld oe the | co-ealle)— Ytadrilakeral elemeah Pak Cay hav unpeeled é Ages. heed by Heeilobad |e (Dan) xeoordupoke. Popping i athe we of quedvilakera) elenvends with Poup — sbmighh bub ure uaperallel edges as shown below. m developing the quodilaber| clemeds we tse Lhe sane CO°rinale GB mapping Hal uns we) toe dhe reclewy day Chinenls previously. becuse tee styilly inorared completly of He elemeb shaPe Hee nappy Al) become ithe, iver) pbk the Prcedure is basichy Phe sim ee ‘i ©, | __ steht) (45) gee) : HO) OH) Physical coordinuhes Nabere) Coordindsy© wthe b'Physial Godin Sythem Ga be pre sane & the global Coodinake system for Ie cilire Sbracheg ts ab 4 Mode ra liner qedvilabera) 7 Tike the reckoguler heme). —> to Gshude the shpe Pechons, @atoal Mbua) covrlizale syshen Gh ”) with ids Origin ab dhe Cenber of the Rap squrd elmer raped tom the global Gordinae syshim ig used « 5 the equation f- AisPlreemap is inkefolel by: He UG Nem G-Nee we kb Sandy be ike polabed) Boon Phe Medel. Concdiaokcy uy Shape Pucbiny which are expresre) 4 Racking of the above) Goorktedtes, Hhis Coordin? IaherPolebion €xPPetsed ibid NaVrorabl oly by: Xe Mi bas pom i Jaw & oe mili 3 fa wove @ oc Enl eM Lo Wed O Here are bueDOh thmesk hy toh) of BDOE@® whee (bi) the shee Puchi, of She Ceclmyla, elemod j I< “Sh il aa i A q #5 the Mame lisParameie ) dared Pom Hr, Pad Hub Ihe same parsmebric relalinghio relber Coordiabion X-4 And the displacemens (4-¥) of apo in Me inkens. of be , . Cleenen} +0 he Gowrespondins nodal Juan bi hres xsbrin mabric _> the rebpioshy bebwoen X ad 4 Gartinter aid Lhe adnnal Goordindles (f/9) is 00 longer StesshtPararl as is Por recbangeler elentealy puklizing Lhe chein fale in appliahon te Ms 1 feM/ehs [3b fp} dil pactied Mbrenlwtion we have: i, ah dh dy Oe, de vo dk : dv 27eS pay4l d/ds ; / tH): [ Sag Bd —» Jacobian Habrin Lefer. e2LU 2lMe = Roe eb jax OV o Me oye Me iB). Le f 7 apres dey dfex oe fe) -[C8) (BJ CB) [BI]