4 th Stage

1. _1- Speakout 3rd B2 Student's Book_2022.pdf - Google Drive

2. Steps to Understanding was written by L. A. Hill.
1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. F
6. F
 Synonyms
• Queueing – Lining up, waiting in line
• Entertained – Amused, delighted
• Nicely – Pleasantly, kindly, well
• Trumpet – Horn, bugle /ˈbjuː.ɡl/ , cornet 🎺
• At last – Finally, eventually, in the end
• Beggar – Panhandler, vagrant /ˈveɪ.ɡrənt/
• Band – Group, ensemble /ɒnˈsɒmbl/, troupe /truːp/
• Practice –training, exercise
• Fresh air – Breeze, open air, oxygen
• Instead – Alternatively[ɔːlˈtəːnətɪvli], in place of, rather
• A bit – Slightly, somewhat, a little
• Answers:
A:
1. F
2. F
3. F
4. T
5. T
B:
1. the writer was invited to give a lecture at a university
to a large group of students.
2. Because most of the students could not understand
spoken English.
3. He told an amusing story.
4. To allow the interpreter to translate it into Japanese.
5. The interpreter translated it in a few seconds.
6. The students laughed loudly.
7. How he translated the long story into such a short
Japanese one.
8. He said that he did not tell the story at all.
 Synonyms
•Famous – Well-known, renowned
•Invited – welcomed, requested
•Lecture – Speech, talk
•Interpreter – Translator
•Amusing – Entertaining, funny
•Allow /əˈlaʊ/ – Permit
•Translate – Convert, interpret
•Such – Like, similar
•At all – In any way, whatsoever
•Honorable[ˈɒn(ə)rəbl] – Respectable, noble
 What Are Coordinating Conjunctions?

• Coordinating conjunctions are words that connect two equal parts of a sentence, such as
two independent clauses, phrases, or words.
• Coordinating Conjunctions (FANBOYS)
• The most common coordinating conjunctions are:
• F → For (reason)
• A → And (addition)
• N → Nor (negative addition)
• B → But (contrast)
• O → Or (choice)
• Y → Yet (contrast)
• S → So (result)
• For
• Usage: Indicates reason or cause.
• Example: “I waited patiently, for the bus to arrive.”
• And
• Usage: Adds information, indicating a connection between elements, or lists items.
• Example: “She likes coffee, and he prefers tea.”
• I like fruits and vegetables . (means both of them)
• Nor
• Usage: Connects two negative alternatives or negates both options.
• Example: “He neither called nor sent a message.” (means none of them)
• But
• Usage: Indicates contrast or opposition.
• Example: ” She is talented but inexperienced.”
• Or
• Usage: Presents an alternative or choice.
• Example: “Would you like tea or coffee?”(means one of them)
• Yet
• Usage: Contrasts ideas or surprise, often used in negative sentences.
• Example: “She studied hard, yet she didn’t pass.”
• So
• Usage: Shows a result or consequence.
• Example: “It’s cold, so wear a jacket.”
 • Answers:
• Q.Fill in the blanks with the correct coordinating
conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so). 1. I wanted to go to the park, but it started
1. I wanted to go to the park, ____ it started raining heavily.
raining heavily. 2. She doesn’t like coffee, nor does she
2. She doesn’t like coffee, ____ does she enjoy enjoy tea.
tea. 3. We can go to the beach, or we can visit
the amusement park.
3. We can go to the beach, ____ we can visit
4. He was tired, yet he continued working
the amusement park.
late into the night.
4. He was tired, ____ he continued working 5. I don’t eat meat, but I love vegetables.
late into the night. 6. He studied hard, so he passed the exam
5. I don’t eat meat, ____ I love vegetables. with flying colors.
6. He studied hard, ____ he passed the exam
with flying colors.
1. Would you like pizza ____ pasta for Answers:
dinner? 1. Would you like pizza or pasta for dinner?
2. She was hungry, but she forgot to bring
2. She was hungry, ____ she forgot to bring her lunch.
her lunch. 3. He didn’t call me, nor did he send a
3. He didn’t call me, ____ did he send a message.
message. 4. I enjoy playing soccer, but my brother
prefers basketball.
4. I enjoy playing soccer, ____ my brother
5. I bought some apples and oranges from
prefers basketball.
the market.
5. I bought some apples ___ oranges from
6. She likes reading and writing in her free
the market.
time.
6. She likes reading ___ writing in her free 7. We went to the park and played soccer.
time. 8. She stayed home, so she was feeling sick.
7. We went to the park ___ played soccer.
Q. Combine the following sentences using a suitable coordinating conjunction.
1. I wanted to go out. It was too cold.
2. He didn’t have any money. He couldn’t buy a gift.
3. We can go to the park. We can stay at home.
4. The restaurant was busy. We decided to eat at home.
5. She loves reading. She doesn’t like watching movies.
6. The cat was hungry. There was no food left.
7. He is very intelligent. He is quite lazy.
8. I could take the bus. I could walk to school.
9. Would you like to travel by car, or would you like to take the train?
10. She forgot her umbrella. She got wet in the rain.
 Answer key
1. I wanted to go out, but it was too cold.
2. He didn’t have any money, so he couldn’t buy a gift.
3. We can go to the park, or we can stay at home.
4. The restaurant was busy, so we decided to eat at home.
5. She loves reading, but she doesn’t like watching movies.
6. The cat was hungry, but there was no food left.
7. He is very intelligent, yet he is quite lazy.
8. I could take the bus, or I could walk to school.
9. Would you like to travel by car, or would you like to take the train?
10.She forgot her umbrella, so she got wet in the rain.
 Present Perfect
• Present Perfect
• Form: S. + have/has + Verb (past participle) (Positive)
• S.+ have/has+ not +Verb (past participle) (Negative)
• Have/Has + S.+ Verb (past participle) ? (Question)
• Usage:
• Describes actions that happened at an unspecified time before now (the exact time
isn't important).
• Shows experience (something you have done in your life).
• Describes actions that started in the past and are still relevant or ongoing.
• Examples:
• I have visited Paris. (At some point in the past, experience)
• She has worked here for 5 years. (Action that started in the past and continues)
• Q. Transform the Sentences.
• She has visited Paris.(Change it into negative and question)
Answers:
•Negative: She has not visited Paris.
•Question: Has she visited Paris?

• The usage of “Ever” in present perfect:

• Usage: It is used in questions to talk about experience at any time in your life.
• Examples:
• Have you ever been to Japan? (Question about experience at any time in the
past)
• The usage of “Never” in present perfect:
• Usage: It is the negative form of "ever" and is used to say that something has not
happened at any time in the past or has never been experienced.
• It’s also used with the present perfect tense to indicate that something hasn’t occurred at
all.
• Examples:
• I have never been to Japan. (I haven't had that experience at any time in the past)
• She has never tried sushi. (It means she has not eaten sushi at any time)
exercise
Fill in the blanks with “ever” and “never”:
1. Have you __________ visited a foreign
country? Answers:
2. She has __________ seen a horror movie. 1. Ever
3. Have you __________ tried Indian food? 2. Never
1) She has __________ been to Italy. 3. Ever
a) ever 1) never
b) never
2) Ever
2) Have you __________ heard of that book?
a) ever 3) Never
b) never
3) I have __________ gone skydiving.
a) ever
b) never
• The usage of “already", "just” and “yet” in present perfect:
• Already:
• Means something happened before now, often earlier than expected.
• Example: I have already eaten. (I ate earlier than you thought.)
• Just:
• Means something happened very recently.
• Example: She has just left. (She left a moment ago.)
• Yet:
• Means something hasn't happened until now.
• Usually used in questions or negative sentences.
• Example: I haven’t finished yet. (I haven’t finished so far.)
• Example: Has she arrived yet? (Has she arrived by now?)
Q. Rewrite the following sentences using the given word in brackets.
She has visited Italy. (ever)
• Has she ever visited Italy?
• They have finished their homework. (already)
• They have already finished their homework.
• I have seen that movie. (never)
• I have never seen that movie.
• He has arrived at the airport. (just)
• He has just arrived at the airport.
• We have not called her. (yet)
• We have not called her yet.
• Have we called her yet?
 Practice Sentences (Students’ assignment)
Rewrite these using the given word in brackets.
1. She has finished her lunch. (already)
2. They have been to London. (ever)
3. I have not tried sushi. (never)
4. He has left the office. (just)
5. You have submitted your assignment. (yet)
Article
Answers:
 Relative Clauses & Relative Pronouns

• What are Relative Clauses?

• A relative clause is a type of dependent clause that provides more information about a
noun in a sentence. It helps describe or define the noun more clearly.
• Example:
• The book that you lent me was very interesting.
("that you lent me" gives more information about the book.)
• Relative clauses usually begin with relative pronouns, which connect the clause to the
main sentence.
• What are Relative Pronouns?
• Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses and refer to a noun mentioned earlier. The
most common relative pronouns are:
• Whose (Possession)

• "Whose" is used to show possession (something belongs to someone).

"The girl whose phone is missing is worried." (The phone belongs to the girl.)
"This is the author whose books are bestsellers." (The books belong to the author.)
• Whom (Object of a verb or preposition)

• "Whom" is used for people when they are the object of a verb or preposition.
"The man whom I met yesterday is a doctor." (I met the man → Object)
"To whom did you give the letter?" (More formal than "Who did you give the letter to?")
• Tip: If you can replace it with "him/her", use "whom."
• "I met him yesterday." → ✅ "The man whom I met yesterday."
• When (Time-related clause)

• "When" is used to refer to time.

"I remember the day when we first met." (Talking about a specific time)
"Summer is the season when we go on vacation." (Referring to a time period)
Q. Complete the sentences with the correct relative pronouns: "who," "which," or "where."
1. The musician ________ performed last night is my favorite.
2. This is the town ________ I grew up.
3. The book ________ I am reading is very interesting.
4. The artist ________ painted this masterpiece is famous worldwide.
Answers:
1. The musician who performed last night is my favorite.
2. This is the town where I grew up.
3. The book which I am reading is very interesting.
4. The artist who painted this masterpiece is famous worldwide
Exercise
 Giving opinions
• We can use a range of phrases for expressing personal opinions, and for expressing
agreement and disagreement.
• Expressing personal opinions :
• Personally, I think/feel/believe that …
• In my opinion/view, …
• From my perspective/my point of view, …
• As far as I’m concerned/aware, …
• If you ask me, …
• Q/ "Give your opinion about the impact of social media on society."
Answer: In my opinion,…. (you write your view)
 Expressing agreement and disagreement
Agreeing Partially agreeing Disagreeing

1. I couldn’t agree more. 1. I agree (with you) up to a 1. I’m not sure.

2. That’s a good/fair point. point, but ... 2. But on the other hand, …
3. I take/see your point. 2. I agree to some extent, but ... 3. I completely disagree with
4. That makes sense. 3. I suppose so, but ... you.
4. I understand what you’re
saying, but ...
5. That’s a fair point, although it
could also be argued that ..
 Answers
• I couldn’t agree more.
• In my opinion, he’s correct.
• I agree with you up to a point, but
• That’s a fair point, although it could be argued that the opposite is true.
• I see your point.
• As far as I’m concerned, you’re right.
• I completely disagree with you.
• True, but on the other hand, they could be right.
 Answers
• Conversation 1:
• A: In my opinion, to coach a team you need to
know everything about the sport.
B: I completely disagree with you. Your
relationship with the players is more
important.
A: I take your point, but you need to know the
game.
B: I suppose so, but it’s not the most
important thing.
• Conversation 2:
• A: If you ask me, it’s important to have a new
challenge in your life.
B: That’s a fair point, although it’s good to take
it easy, too.
A: True, but on the other hand, life is about
expanding your horizons.
B: I couldn’t agree more, as long as it’s not too
much effort.
 How to describe a process
• When we describe a process, it is helpful to break it down into stages. We can use different phrases to
introduce each stage. These prepare the listener to focus on the information that comes next.
• To begin with, put the ingredients in a bowl.
• The next step is to mix the ingredients.
• The final stage is to let the dish cool for five minutes.
Q. Describe the process of preparing for an exam using three steps. Fill in the blanks with the correct phrases.

1. ________, gather all your study materials, such as textbooks and notes.
2. ________, review your notes and focus on the most important concepts.
3. ________, take practice tests to check your understanding of the material.
• Answer Key:
1. To begin with
2. After that
3. Finally
 Idioms & meaning
1. In one ear and out the other – To forget what was said immediately.

2. Slip my mind – To forget something temporarily.

3. Refresh my memory – To help someone remember something.

4. On the tip of my tongue – When you almost remember something but can’t recall it.

5. Rings a bell – Sounds familiar.

6. Play tricks on me – When your mind confuses or deceives you.

Tip: Be familiar with the meaning of each idioms

idioms

Answer key
1. in one ear and out the other
2. mind
3. memory
4. tongue
5. bell
6. tricks
 How to suggest solutions & Explaining why a
solution would work
Suggesting a solution (Expressions): Explaining why a solution would work (Expressions):
1. Perhaps you could try + -ing form. 1. That might work because …
2. Maybe you could + infinitive without to. 2. It’s worth a try because …
3. Why don’t you try + -ing form? 3. It sometimes helps if you +infinitive without to
because …
4. It might be worth + -ing form.
Explaining why a solution would work
5. Have you checked the …/(tried + -ing form)?
• We use that might work and it’s worth a try to suggest
that it’s possible a solution will work.
Examples: Shall we switch hosts? It’s worth a try because
it worked yesterday.
Shall we try logging in again? That might work.
• We use It sometimes helps if you + infinitive without to
to show an action has been tried successfully before.
Example: It sometimes helps if you turn down the volume.
Q. Read the problems and offer solutions:
1 My computer keeps crashing.
2 My car won't start.
3 My phone keeps running out of battery.
Sample:
• My computer keeps crashing.

 Perhaps you could try restarting it.

 Maybe you could update your software.

 Why don’t you try reinstalling the operating system?

 It might be worth checking if your computer has enough memory.

 Have you checked the error messages or tried restarting in safe mode?
• My car won't start. • My phone keeps running out of battery.
 Perhaps you could try jump-starting the  Perhaps you could try turning off some apps
battery. or notifications.
 Maybe you could check if there's fuel in the  Maybe you could replace the battery if it’s
tank. old.
 Why don’t you try replacing the spark plugs?  Why don’t you try lowering the screen
 It might be worth having the battery tested. brightness?

 Have you checked the car's battery or tried  It might be worth checking the apps running
turning the key more firmly? in the background.

 Have you checked the battery settings or

tried turning off power-draining features?
 Prepare paragraphs for the following topics
(Writing skill)

• A Memorable Trip
• Where did you go on your memorable trip?
• Why was this trip special?
• What did you see or do there?
• How did it change your perspective or affect you?
• The Impact of Technology on Our Lives
• How has technology changed the way we live?
• What are some positive effects of technology?
• What are some negative effects?
• How do you balance technology use in your life?
Thank you