GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC WASHIM
Maharashtra State Board Of Technical Education Mumbai
Capstone Project Planning
Report On
“GRAVITY BATTERY ”
Submitted By.
Roll No. Name Enrollment No.
24 Vaibhav Pandhari Ingole 2200310402
26 Kartik Prabhakar Khadse 2200310404
19 Shailesh Dilip Sakharkar 2100310083
35 Gaurang Madhav Ardhapurkar 2100310035
46 Pranavkumar Krushnarao Raut 2100310079
32 Aditya Ramesh Khanzode 2100310064
Guided by
Mr. M. S. KHERDE
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC WASHIM
Maharashtra State Board Of Technical Education Mumbai
CERTIFICATE
This is certify that Vaibhav Pandhari Ingole , Kartik Prabhakar Khadse ,
Shailesh Dilip Sakharkar , Gaurang Madhav Ardhapurkar, Pranavkumar
Krushnarao Raut, Aditya Ramesh Khanzode of polytechnic Third year
Electrical Engineering Student have submitted a capstone project planning
report of capstone report planning titled “Gravity Battery” during academic
year 2023- 24 in satisfactory manner in partial fulfilment of requirement for
diploma in Electrical Engineering of MSBTE, Mumbai.
Guide H. O.D
Mr. M. S. KHERDE Mr. M. S. KHERDE
(Electrical Engineering Department) (Electrical Engineering Department)
Principal
Dr. B. G. GAWALWAD
( Government Polytechnic Washim)
Capstone Project, Dept. EE GP Washim 2023-24
TRANSMISSION LINE FAULT DETECTOR
DECLARATION
I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and
where others ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and
referenced and original sources. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of
academic honestly and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or
falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I understand that any violation
of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the institute and can also evoke
penal action from the sources which have thus not been properly cited or from whom
proper permission has not been taken when needed.
1.0 Vaibhav Pandhari Ingole
2.0 Kartik Prabhakar Khadse
3.0 Shailesh Dilip Sakharkar
4.0 Gaurang Madhav Ardhapurkar
5.0 Pranavkumar Krushnarao Raut
6.0 Aditya Ramesh Khanzode
Capstone Project, Dept. EE, GP Washim 2023-24 Page
GRAVITY BATTERY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express deep gratitude for enthusiasm and valuable suggestions that I got from my
guide Mr. M. S. Kherde lecturer of Electrical Engineering Department, for
successful completion of the Capstone Project Planning report. This was not possible
without his invaluable guidance. I pay deep regards to our HOD
Mr. M. S. Kherde, Principal Dr. B. G. Gawalwad who are instrumental in setting
standards for the students to achieve. Finally, I am thankful to all the people who are
related to the project directly or indirectly.
I am grateful to all the teachers and Staff of Department of mechanical Engineering.
I also want to thank my faculty who showed a great will of strength, constant
encouragement and without his cooperation I would have not been able to complete
this work.
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GRAVITY BATTERY
ABSTRACT
In present scenario the fossil fuel sources are depleting and their combustion products are causing
global environmental problems. So, it is inevitable to shift towards the use of renewable energy
sources. Sources which in turn will reduce pollution and fossil fuels. For meeting the regular demand
of energy, we need to design a system such that electricity can be produced without destroying the
nature. This paper explains the power generation using gravity and the projects attempt to show how
energy can be taped and used at a commonly used machine. The model idea can be used in the
industrial for the peak demands avoiding the load shedding and in the rural areas for the power
generation for less initial investment
A gravity battery, also known as a gravity-based energy storage system, is a novel and innovative
technology designed to store and release energy by harnessing the gravitational potential energy of
heavy objects. This concept represents a promising solution to the growing demand for efficient and
sustainable energy storage in an era where renewable energy sources like wind and solar are
becoming increasingly prevalent.
The basic principle behind a gravity battery involves raising heavy masses to an elevated position
when excess energy is available and allowing them to descend when power is needed. As these
masses descend, they drive generators to convert the gravitational potential energy into electricity,
effectively discharging the stored energy.
There are various designs and implementations of gravity batteries, including systems that use large
concrete or steel weights, heavy trains on inclined tracks, or even underground caverns filled with
water. These systems are capable of storing substantial amounts of energy and can be deployed in a
variety of applications, from stabilizing electrical grids and enhancing energy reliability to storing
surplus energy generated from renewable sources for use during peak demand periods.
The advantages of gravity batteries include high energy density, long cycle life, minimal
environmental impact, and the ability to store energy for extended periods without significant
degradation. They can complement existing energy storage technologies like batteries and pumped
hydro storage, offering an alternative means of balancing supply and demand in the energy grid.
Despite their potential, gravity batteries are still in the early stages of development and face
engineering and infrastructure challenges that need to be addressed for widespread adoption.
However, as the world continues to transition towards cleaner and more sustainable energy solutions,
gravity batteries represent an exciting avenue for further research and development in the field of
energy storage.
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INDEX
Sr. No Content Page No.
1 Abstract 1
2 Introduction 4
3 Literature Survey 5-8
4 Problems Identification And 9-10
Specification
5 Components 11-12
6 Main Components Function 13-18
7 Methodology Of The Project Block 19-20
Diagram
8 21-22
Implementation & Operation OfProject
9 Advantages & Future scope 23-24
10 Action plan 25-27
11 References 28-29
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CHAPTER 01
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INTRODUCTION
A gravity battery, also known as a gravity-based energy storage system, is a novel and innovative
technology designed to store and release energy by harnessing the gravitational potential energy of
heavy objects. This concept represents a promising solution to the growing demand for efficient and
sustainable energy storage in an era where renewable energy sources like wind and solar are becoming
increasingly prevalent.
The basic principle behind a gravity battery involves raising heavy masses to an elevated position
when excess energy is available and allowing them to descend when power is needed. As these masses
descend, they drive generators to convert the gravitational potential energy into electricity, effectively
discharging the stored energy.
There are various designs and implementations of gravity batteries, including systems that use large
concrete or steel weights, heavy trains on inclined tracks, or even underground caverns filled with
water. These systems are capable of storing substantial amounts of energy and can be deployed in a
variety of applications, from stabilizing electrical grids and enhancing energy reliability to storing
surplus energy generated from renewable sources for use during peak demand periods.
The advantages of gravity batteries include high energy density, long cycle life, minimal
environmental impact, and the ability to store energy for extended periods without significant
degradation. They can complement existing energy storage technologies like batteries and pumped
hydro storage, offering an alternative means of balancing supply and demand in the energy grid.
Despite their potential, gravity batteries are still in the early stages of development and face
engineering and infrastructure challenges that need to be addressed for widespread adoption. However,
as the world continues to transition towards cleaner and more sustainable energy solutions, gravity
batteries represent an exciting avenue for further research and development in the field of energy
storage.
Capstone Project, Dept. EE, GP Washim 2023-24 Page
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CHAPTER 02
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GRAVITY BATTERY
LITERATURE SURVEY
Gravity battery, also known as a gravity energy storage system or gravitational energy storage, is a
type of energy storage system that stores energy in the form of gravitational potential energy. It
involves lifting a heavy mass to a higher elevation when excess energy is available and then lowering
it to release the stored energy when needed. Gravity batteries have gained attention as a potential
solution for large-scale energy storage, grid balancing, and renewable energy integration. Here is a
literature survey of gravity batteries, covering some key research and developments up to my
knowledge cutoff date in January 2022:
1. Energy Storage and Grid Integration:
- Robert H. Lasseter and Paolo Piagi, "Microgrid: A Conceptual Solution," in the Proceedings of the
IEEE, 2006.
- This paper discusses the concept of microgrids and how energy storage, including gravity-based
systems, can play a vital role in grid integration.
2. Flywheel Energy Storage:
- A. E. Umenei and J. P. Berrman, "Flywheel Systems for Energy Storage," in the Proceedings of
the IEEE, 2006.
- This paper provides insights into flywheel energy storage systems, which are a specific type of
gravity battery that stores energy in a spinning rotor.
3. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES):
- M. Panfilov, A. Dymnikov, and V. Galstyan, "Development of an Advanced CAES System
Concept," in the International Journal of Green Energy, 2011.
- This paper discusses a gravity-based CAES system that uses compressed air and underground
caverns for energy storage.
4. Gravitational Potential Energy Storage:
- A. Teymourian, M. Mohseni, and A. H. Rajabi, "Energy and Exergy Analysis of a New
Gravitational Potential Energy Storage System," in the Journal of Energy Storage, 2019.
- This paper presents an analysis of a new gravitational potential energy storage system,
highlighting its efficiency and potential applications.
5. Sustainability and Environmental Impact:
- P. Hall and D. S. Kirschen, "Benefits and Drawbacks of Grid Energy Storage Options," in the IEEE
Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2013.
- This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various grid energy storage options, including
gravity-based systems, and discusses their sustainability and environmental impact.
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6. Real-World Applications:
- C. Baade, C. Burgstaller, and J. Hahmann, "Gravitational Potential Energy Storage as Balancing
Tool for the Power Grid," in the Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Association (EWEA)
Conference, 2014.
- This paper discusses the use of gravitational potential energy storage for balancing the power grid,
with a focus on wind energy integration.
7. Challenges and Future Directions:
- M. Milani and A. Arza, "Energy Storage Systems: Characterization and Comparison," in the IEEE
Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2015.
- This paper provides a comprehensive characterization and comparison of various energy storage
systems, addressing the challenges and future directions of gravity-based solutions.
Please note that research in the field of gravity batteries and energy storage systems has likely
advanced since my last knowledge update in January 2022. Be sure to explore more recent literature
and research to stay updated on the latest developments and innovations in this field.
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CHAPTER 03
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PROBLEMS IDENTIFICATION AND
SPECIFICATION
1. Energy Storage Requirements
- Problem: There is a need for an efficient and sustainable energy storage solution to address the
intermittent nature of renewable energy sources like wind and solar.
- Specification: Define the required energy storage capacity in terms of kilowatt-hours (kWh) or
megawatt-hours (MWh) to meet the local or grid-level energy demands.
2. Environmental Impact:
- Problem: Traditional battery technologies have environmental concerns due to the use of rare
materials and toxic chemicals.
- Specification: Ensure the gravity battery design minimizes environmental impact by using eco-
friendly materials and having a low carbon footprint.
3. Efficiency:
- Problem: Energy conversion and storage losses can be significant in some systems.
- Specification: Specify the desired energy conversion and storage efficiency, such as aiming for
over 90% round-trip efficiency.
4. Scalability:
- Problem: Energy storage systems should be scalable to accommodate different energy needs.
- Specification: Define the scalability of the gravity battery system, specifying how it can be easily
expanded or downsized as needed.
5. Reliability and Durability:
- Problem: Energy storage systems should have a long operational life and be reliable under various
conditions.
- Specification: Set reliability and durability criteria, such as a minimum lifespan, the ability to
withstand temperature variations, and resistance to wear and tear.
6. Cost-effectiveness:
- Problem: Energy storage solutions must be cost-effective to compete with other forms of energy
storage.
- Specification: Define cost targets, including initial capital costs, maintenance costs, and cost per
stored kWh.
7. Grid Integration:
- Problem: Integration with the existing electrical grid can be challenging.
- Specification: Specify the grid integration requirements, including voltage compatibility, frequency
regulation, and grid stability support.
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8. Safety:
- Problem: Safety concerns are paramount when dealing with energy storage systems.
- Specification: Define safety features and protocols to prevent accidents and ensure the safe
operation of the gravity battery.
9. Footprint and Location:
- Problem: The physical size and location of the gravity battery can be limiting factors.
- Specification: Specify the allowable footprint and location constraints, including any space or
terrain requirements.
10. Regulatory Compliance:
- Problem: Energy storage projects must adhere to local and national regulations.
- Specification: Ensure the gravity battery design complies with all relevant regulations, permits,
and standards.
11. Monitoring and Control:
- Problem: Effective monitoring and control systems are essential for managing and optimizing
energy storage.
- Specification: Define the monitoring and control features required for real-time data collection,
remote operation, and performance optimization.
12. Lifespan and Maintenance:
- Problem: Energy storage systems may require regular maintenance and component replacement.
- Specification: Specify the expected lifespan of key components and the maintenance schedule to
maximize the system's operational life.
13. Energy Density:
- Problem: High energy density is essential to store large amounts of energy in a compact space.
- Specification: Define the desired energy density of the gravity battery to meet specific space
constraints.
14. Material Availability:
- Problem: Some materials used in energy storage systems may face supply chain limitations.
- Specification: Ensure that the materials used in the gravity battery are readily available and
sustainable.
15. Market and Economic Viability:
- Problem: The gravity battery must be economically viable and competitive in the energy storage
market.
- Specification: Analyze market dynamics, demand, and competitive factors to ensure the gravity
battery's economic viability.
By thoroughly identifying and specifying these aspects, you can create a clear roadmap for the
development and implementation of a gravity battery system that addresses specific energy storage
needs while considering environmental, economic, and technical factors.
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CHAPTER 04
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COMPONENTS
SR. NO COMPONENTS QUANTITY
1 Alternator Required
2 Dead Weight Required
3 Gearbox Required
4 Bearing Required
5 Pully Required
6 Poles Required
7 Switches Required
8 LED Required
9 Shaft Required
11 RYB Cable 1meter each
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MAIN COMPONENTS FUNCTION
1. ALTERNATOR
Alternator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy with an alternating current. The stator and
rotor inside the alternator work as magnets and rotate to generate the alternating current. Then the
alternating current(AC) is transformed into a direct current(DC) that charges the battery.
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2. DEAD WEIGHT
A weight function is a mathematical device used when performing a sum, integral, or average to give
some elements more "weight" or influence on the result than other elements in the same set. The result
of this application of a weight function is a weighted sum or weighted average.
3. GEARBOX
The purpose of a gearbox is to increase or reduce speed. As a result, torque output will be the inverse
of the speed function. If the enclosed drive is a speed reducer (speed output is less than speed input),
the torque output will increase; if the drive increases speed, the torque output will decrease.
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4. BEARING
The pillow block bearing aids in positioning, mounting and operation, these are commonly installed
at the outer end of the shaft to provide low-friction, smooth rotary movement of the shaft
5. PULLY
The function of a pulley is to lift heavy objects by changing the direction of the force on a flexible
cable. It also consists a wheel with a groove in its outer edge and an axle. With the help of ropes, chains
or cords, a pulley makes moving objects upward easier. Pulley reduces the force given to get the work
done.
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6. POLES
Poles are the roots of the transfer function at which transfer function becomes infinity. In a transfer
function, the frequencies for which the value of the denominator becomes zero are called Poles.
7. SWITCHES
The purpose of a switch in a series circuit is to make it easy to open or close the electrical circuit,
turning the flow of electricity on or off. The purpose of the wires in a series circuit is to allow the
electricity to flow from one device to the next.
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8. LED
Compared with conventional light sources that first convert electrical energy into heat, and then
into light, LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) convert electrical energy directly into light, delivering
efficient light generation with little-wasted electricity.
9. SHAFT
A shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section, which is used to transmit
power from one part to another, or from a machine which produces power to a machine which
absorbs power
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CHAPTER 05
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METHODOLOGY OF THE PROJECT
BLOCK DAIGRAM
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IMPLEMENTATION & OPERATION OF PROJECT
All batteries, be they the lithium-ion ingot in your smartphone or the hulking lead-acid powerhouse
in your car, work in the same way: they store electrical energy as a form of potential energy.
In the case of gravity batteries, the electrical energy is stored as gravitational potential energy. That
is, the energy an object would release should it be allowed to fall towards the earth’s center.
Gravity batteries make this conversion by using excess electricity generated by a renewable energy
source to lift up a heavy weight. In essence, Gravidity’s system works like an elevator, only instead
of a cozy compartment filled with mumak, the object being lifted is a solid piece of densely-packed
material. The denser the material, the more energy the system can store.
When the battery needs to release energy, the weight is slowly lowered with help from gravity. As
the weight descends, the reinforced cables connected to the weight drive a series of motors that
generate electricity.
When fully operational, Gravidity expects each battery to release between 1 megawatt (MW) and
20MW at peak power and output energy for up to eight hours. According to Gravidity’s website, a
20MW power system “could power 63,000 homes for every hour that it discharges”.
The fact that Gravidity’s batteries can discharge energy for up to 8 hours makes them particularly
well-suited to storing solar power. The battery would absorb excess solar energy during the day
when the sun is up and release it throughout the night when it’s dark.
However, these characteristics also mean that gravity batteries are poorly suited to housing wind
power, which is far less predictable.
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CHAPTER 06
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ADVANTAGES :
High Efficiency
Gravity batteries have high energy conversion efficiency, with minimal energy losses during storage
and retrieval.
Long Lifespan
Gravity batteries have a long lifespan, making them ideal for long-term energy storage applications
Scalability
Gravity batteries can be designed and scaled according to energy demands, making them suitable for
various applications.
Environmentally Friendly
Gravity batteries do not rely on harmful chemicals or materials, making them environmentally friendly
and safe
FUTURE SCOPE
1. Increase the overall efficiency of the model
2. Implementation of the lithium ion for the storage of the electricity produced
3. Design and development of the large-scale model.
Analysis for the large-scale load in the shaft and the respective members.
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CHAPTER 07
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ACTION PLAN
SR. NO. DATE ACTIVITY
First we select our capstone project topic under guidance of
1 Mr. M. S. Kherde sir
We discuss with Mr. M. S. Kherde sir about how to make
2 Gravity Battery
Search research paper on gravity battery
3
Collect 5 research paper of gravity battery for getting more
4 information
Search review paper on gravity battery
5
Search information about gravity battery on Wikipedia.
6
Watch the videos on YouTube about how to make gravity
7 battery.
Search information about working principle of gravity
8 battery.
Discuss all team member How to make gravity battery and
9 also discuss towhich material suitable for Manufacturing.
Create MS word file of information of gravity battery.
10
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GRAVITY BATTERY
Create the MS word file of Material cost for Manufacturing
11 the gravity battery
Arrange all data & make File of Synopsis. For selection of
12 project by teacher.
Show all hard copy of data to Prof. Mr. M. S. Kherde
13
14 Create list of required components.
Then we will visit a electronic and electrical shop to
15 purchasing a components
16 We purchased all required components
17 Start to make connection of gravity battery as per circuit
diagram
18 Place all circuit on structure of gravity battery
19 Join all wire joint & supply joint.
20 Structure is ready to work
21 Test & evaluate the gravity battery
22 Then submit project and report to Prof. Mr. M. S. Kherde
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CHAPTER 08
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REFERENCES
1. https://acadpubl.eu/jsi/2017-116-13- 22/articles/19/88 [1]
2. https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper/MathematicalM odel-to-Design-RackAndPinion -
AckermanSteeringGeomtery [2]
3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32905930
4 Power Generation using Vehicle Suspension [3]
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THANK YOU !
Capstone Project, Dept. EE GP Washim 2023-24 Page
