API (Application Programming Interface) – An Overview
1. What is an API?
An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and protocols that allows different software
applications to communicate with each other. It acts as a bridge between systems, enabling them to
exchange data and perform operations without direct access to each other’s code or databases.
2. How APIs Work
1. Client Request → A client (e.g., a mobile app or web browser) sends a request to the API.
2. API Processes the Request → The API processes the request, interacts with the server or
database, and retrieves the required data.
3. Server Response → The API sends the response back to the client in a structured format, usually
JSON or XML.
🔹 Example: A weather app fetching real-time weather data from an external service via an API.
3. Types of APIs
1️⃣ Web APIs (Most Common)
Used to enable communication between web-based applications over the internet.
✅ REST (Representational State Transfer) – Most popular, uses HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE).
✅ SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) – Uses XML-based messaging for data exchange.
✅ GraphQL – Flexible API that allows clients to request specific data.
✅ gRPC (Google Remote Procedure Call) – Uses protocol buffers for high-performance API
communication.
2️⃣ Library & Framework APIs
APIs provided by programming languages or frameworks to access built-in functionalities.
🔹 Java API (JDK API) – Provides functions for file handling, networking, etc.
🔹 Python API (NumPy, Pandas, etc.) – Libraries exposing data processing features.