"Academic dissemination is like spreading the word about our research
findings and what we've learned. When researchers share their work
with others in their field, they're engaging in academic discourse. This
means they're talking about their ideas, discussing them with other
experts, and trying to move the field forward. we can do this primarily
through academic papers, which are written using specific skills and
formats. Academic writing is all about clearly communicating complex
ideas, our research findings.
4. Context refers to where and when the information is being used and
who might be reading it. This includes the physical environment as well
as the social, educational, political, and historical factors that shape the
writer's background.
> Physical Environment: This aspect of context refers to the immediate
surroundings where the information is being received or transmitted.
> Social Factors: The social context encompasses the interpersonal
relationships, cultural norms, societal values, and demographic
characteristics of the audience and the sender.
> Educational Factors: The educational context pertains to the
knowledge, expertise, and intellectual capacity of the audience. It is
important to know for us to determine the appropriate level of
complexity, or depth of information to include in the message.
5. Register, on the other hand, is like the language style or 'flavor'
associated with a specific topic or field. It's the set of terms and
language conventions used in a particular discipline or profession. It's
important to choose the right register to ensure that your writing is
appropriate for your audience and the purpose of your paper.
Register refers to the variety of language that is appropriate for a
particular social setting or context. It encompasses the tone, style,
vocabulary, and grammatical structures that are characteristic of a
specific topic, field, or situation. Register can vary widely depending on
factors such as audience, purpose, medium, and social norms.
> Formal Register: Formal register is characterized by sophisticated
vocabulary, complex sentence structures, and adherence to
grammatical conventions. It is typically used in academic writing, legal
documents, and formal speeches. Choosing a formal register conveys
professionalism, authority, and seriousness, making it suitable for
communicating complex ideas or addressing a professional audience.
> Informal Register: Informal register is more relaxed and
conversational in tone, with simplified vocabulary and colloquial
expressions. It is commonly used in everyday communication, such as
casual conversations, personal emails, social media posts, and informal
presentations. Adopting an informal register fosters a sense of
familiarity, warmth, and approachability, making it suitable for
engaging with friends, family, or peers in non-academic or non-
professional settings.
6. Style is a broader concept that encompasses everything else about
how we write. There are different styles or registers of language,
( frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate.) ranging from ultra-
formal to ultra-colloquial. Each style has its own characteristics and is
suitable for different types of writing or communication.
7. According to Joos (1998) in Zulaekho (2010), language style is
classified into five types based on the degree of formality. Those types
of language style are frozen, formal, consultative, casual, and intimate
style.
Frozen Register: This register is characterized by fixed, unchanging
language, often used in highly formal situations or rituals. Examples
include legal documents, religious ceremonies, and national anthems.
The language is rigid and formal, with little room for variation.
Formal Register: Formal language is used in professional or academic
settings where a respectful and serious tone is required. It's
characterized by complete sentences, complex vocabulary, and
adherence to grammar rules. Examples include academic papers,
business reports, and official letters.
Consultative Register: Consultative language is used in interactions
where there's a power imbalance or difference in expertise, such as
between a doctor and a patient or a teacher and a student. It's more
formal than casual conversation but less rigid than formal language. It
often involves explaining complex concepts in simplified terms while
maintaining respect for the listener's intelligence.
Casual Register: Casual language is used in informal settings among
friends, family, or peers. It's characterized by relaxed grammar rules,
slang, and colloquial expressions. Examples include conversations with
friends, text messages, and social media posts.
Intimate Register: Intimate language is used in close relationships or
private settings where there's a high level of familiarity and emotional
connection. It's characterized by personal pronouns, affectionate terms,
and shared experiences. Examples include conversations between
romantic partners, close friends, or family members.
