1.
The following are benign tumors except
a. Papilloma
b. Chondroma
c. Fibroma
d. Sarcoma
e. Adenoma
Answer: d. Sarcoma. Sarcoma is a malignant tumor, not benign.
2. In a patient with COPD, which acid-base disorder would s/he
present with
a. Metabolic acidosis
b. Respiratory acidosis
c. Respiratory alkalosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis
Answer: b. Respiratory acidosis. COPD patients often experience
respiratory acidosis due to impaired gas exchange.
3. In bulimia Nervosa, the following are true except
a. Swollen salivary glands and poor dental status are also presentations
b. May present with Russell sign
c. Esophagitis and gastritis are never seen in this type of eating disorder
d. They may present with binge eating with compensatory purging
e. The incidence is higher in females than in males
Answer: c. Esophagitis and gastritis are never seen in this type of
eating disorder. This statement is false; esophagitis and gastritis can
occur due to frequent vomiting.
4. Which of the following cell types is in G0 stage and have minimal
proliferative activity in their normal state
a. Stable cells
b. Permanent cells
c. Surface epithelial cells
d. Hematopoietic cells
e. Labile cells
Answer: a. Stable cells. Stable cells are typically in the G0 phase but
can proliferate if needed.
5. In the management of hypokalemia
a. Check Mg in resistant cases
b. Infuse potassium chloride when K+ is >5.5 mmol/L
c. Avoid glucose infusion
d. Give potassium phosphate
e. ECG monitoring
Answer: b. Infuse potassium chloride when K+ is >5.5 mmol/L.
This is incorrect; potassium should not be infused when levels are already
elevated.
6. Fibrinoid necrosis is seen in the following except
a. SLE
b. Rheumatic fever
c. Essential hypertension
d. Malignant hypertension
e. Polyarteritis nodosa
Answer: c. Essential hypertension. Fibrinoid necrosis is not typically
seen in essential hypertension.
7. In the TNM staging of tumors, which one is true
a. T stage- involves the extent and shape of the tumor
b. N1- N3 no lymph node involvement
c. T1-T4 based on the size and/or extent
d. Tcis- some basement membrane penetration with no infiltration of
submucosa
e. Mx- no distant metastasis
Answer: c. T1-T4 based on the size and/or extent. This is the correct
description of the T classification.
8. Which is known as the father of modern pathology
a. Louis Pasteur
b. Robert Virchow
c. Rudolf Virchow
d. Louis Pasteur
e. Robert Koch
Answer: c. Rudolf Virchow. He is considered the father of modern
pathology.
9. Regarding factors that influence wound healing, which of the
following is not a systemic factor
a. Nutritional status
b. Mechanical forces
c. Circulatory status
d. Hormones
e. Metabolic status
Answer: b. Mechanical forces. Mechanical forces are a local factor, not
a systemic one.
10. In the management of hyperkalemia, which drug is used to
eliminate K+ from the body
a. Insulin with glucose
b. Salbutamol
c. Loop diuretics
d. Sodium bicarbonate
e. Calcium Gluconate
Answer: c. Loop diuretics. Loop diuretics help eliminate potassium by
increasing urinary excretion.
11. A 30-year-old woman was brought in the emergency
department unconscious. On examination her skin was dry and
had Kussmaul respirations. Arterial blood gases (ABGs) were
done and pH < 7.35 and bicarbonate was low. What kind of acid-
base disorder does this woman have
a. Respiratory alkalosis
b. Metabolic acidosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis
Answer: b. Metabolic acidosis. The symptoms and ABG results indicate
metabolic acidosis.
12. The following are cores of pathology except
a. Morphology
b. Cause
c. Clinical significance
d. Pathogenesis
e. Signs and Symptoms
Answer: e. Signs and Symptoms. Signs and symptoms are clinical
manifestations, not core components of pathology.
13. Wound healing begins immediately after injury. Which of the
following is not a step in scar formation
a. Cell proliferation stage
b. Inflammation
c. Remodeling
d. None of the above
e. Hemostasis
Answer: a. Cell proliferation stage. While cell proliferation is part of
wound healing, the term is not specifically used as a distinct step in scar
formation in this context.
14. About Atrophy, what is true
a. Can be physiological or pathological
b. None of the above
c. All of the above
d. Decreased in cell number
e. Decreased in cell size
Answer: c. All of the above. Atrophy can be physiological or
pathological and involves a decrease in cell size or number.
15. Which of the following is not a cause of Atrophy
a. Diminished blood supply
b. Pressure
c. Adequate nutrition
d. Loss of endocrine stimulation
e. Decreased workload
Answer: c. Adequate nutrition. Adequate nutrition supports tissue
health and does not cause atrophy.
16. In the management of hypokalemia, which of the following
is true
a. Check Mg in resistant cases
b. Infuse potassium chloride when K+ is >5.5 mmol/L
c. Avoid glucose infusion
d. Give potassium phosphate
e. ECG monitoring
Answer: a. Check Mg in resistant cases. Checking magnesium levels
is important in managing resistant hypokalemia.
17. Fibrinoid necrosis is seen in the following except
a. SLE
b. Rheumatic fever
c. Essential hypertension
d. Malignant hypertension
e. Polyarteritis nodosa
Answer: c. Essential hypertension. Fibrinoid necrosis is not typically
seen in essential hypertension.
18. In the TNM staging of tumors, which one is true
a. T stage- involves the extent and shape of the tumor
b. N1- N3 no lymph node involvement
c. T1-T4 based on the size and/or extent
d. Tcis- some basement membrane penetration with no infiltration of
submucosa
e. Mx- no distant metastasis
Answer: c. T1-T4 based on the size and/or extent. This is the correct
description of the T classification.
19. Which is known as the father of modern pathology
a. Louis Pasteur
b. Robert Virchow
c. Rudolf Virchow
d. Louis Pasteur
e. Robert Koch
Answer: c. Rudolf Virchow. He is considered the father of modern
pathology.
20. Regarding factors that influence wound healing, which of
the following is not a systemic factor
a. Nutritional status
b. Mechanical forces
c. Circulatory status
d. Hormones
e. Metabolic status
Answer: b. Mechanical forces. Mechanical forces are a local factor, not
a systemic one.
21. In the management of hyperkalemia, which drug is used to
eliminate K+ from the body
a. Insulin with glucose
b. Salbutamol
c. Loop diuretics
d. Sodium bicarbonate
e. Calcium Gluconate
Answer: c. Loop diuretics. Loop diuretics help eliminate potassium by
increasing urinary excretion.
22. A 30-year-old woman was brought in the emergency
department unconscious. On examination her skin was dry and
had Kussmaul respirations. Arterial blood gases (ABGs) were
done and pH < 7.35 and bicarbonate was low. What kind of acid-
base disorder does this woman have
a. Respiratory alkalosis
b. Metabolic acidosis
c. Respiratory acidosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis
Answer: b. Metabolic acidosis. The symptoms and ABG results indicate
metabolic acidosis.
23. The following are cores of pathology except
a. Morphology
b. Cause
c. Clinical significance
d. Pathogenesis
e. Signs and Symptoms
Answer: e. Signs and Symptoms. Signs and symptoms are clinical
manifestations, not core components of pathology.
24. Wound healing begins immediately after injury. Which of the
following is not a step in scar formation
a. Cell proliferation stage
b. Inflammation
c. Remodeling
d. None of the above
e. Hemostasis
Answer: a. Cell proliferation stage. While cell proliferation is part of
wound healing, the term is not specifically used as a distinct step in scar
formation in this context.
25. About Atrophy, what is true
a. Can be physiological or pathological
b. None of the above
c. All of the above
d. Decreased in cell number
e. Decreased in cell size
Answer: c. All of the above. Atrophy can be physiological or
pathological and involves a decrease in cell size or number.
26. Which of the following is not a cause of Atrophy
a. Diminished blood supply
b. Pressure
c. Adequate nutrition
d. Loss of endocrine stimulation
e. Decreased workload
Answer: c. Adequate nutrition. Adequate nutrition supports tissue
health and does not cause atrophy.
27. Optimal nutritional status is
a. Achieved only when there is not a balance between the nutritional
intake and nutritional requirements
b. Achieved only when there is a balance between the nutritional intake
and nutritional supplements
c. Achieved only when there is a balance between the nutritional outtake
and nutritional requirements
d. Achieved only when there is an imbalance between the nutritional
intake and nutritional requirements
e. Achieved only when there is a balance between the nutritional intake
and nutritional requirements
Answer: e. Achieved only when there is a balance between the
nutritional intake and nutritional requirements. Optimal nutrition
requires a balance between intake and needs.
Which part of the cell modifies, sorts and stores proteins for secretion?
a. Cell membrane
b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
d. Mitochondria
e. Golgi apparatus
Answer: e. Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and stores proteins for secretion or delivery to other parts of
the cell.
What type of necrosis is seen in immune reactions?
a. Fibrinoid necrosis
b. Enzymatic fat necrosis
c. Liquefaction necrosis
d. Coagulation necrosis
e. Caseous necrosis
Answer: a. Fibrinoid necrosis
Fibrinoid necrosis is typically seen in immune reactions, particularly in conditions such as vasculitis
and autoimmune diseases, where immune complexes and fibrin are deposited in the walls of blood
vessels.
Which of the following is not found in healing by first intention?
a. Sutures are used
b. Irregular margins
c. No contracted irregular wound healing
d. Generally uninfected
e. Scanty granulation tissue at the incised site
Answer: b. Irregular margins
In healing by first intention, the wound edges are usually clean and approximated neatly, so irregular
margins are not typically present. The other options describe characteristics of first intention
healing.
