NFRC 101-2023[E0A15]

Procedure for Determining

Thermophysical Properties of
Materials For Use in NFRC-
Approved Software

© 2013, 2023 National

Fenestration Rating Council,
Inc.

Prepared by:
National Fenestration Rating Council
6305 Ivy Lane, Suite 410
Greenbelt, MD 20770
P: 301-589-1776
F: 301-589-3884
E: info@[Link]
W: [Link]
 FOREWORD
The National Fenestration Rating Council, Incorporated (NFRC) has developed and
operates a uniform rating system for energy and energy-related performance of
fenestration products. The Rating System determines the U-factor, Solar Heat Gain
Coefficient (SHGC) and Visible Transmittance (VT) of a product, which are mandatory
ratings for labeling NFRC certified products, are mandatory ratings for inclusion on label
certificates, and are supplemented by procedures for voluntary ratings of products for Air
Leakage (AL), and Condensation Resistance. Together, these rating procedures, as set
forth in documents published by NFRC, are known as the NFRC Rating System.
The NFRC Rating System employs computer simulation and physical testing by NFRC-
accredited laboratories to establish energy and related performance ratings for fenestration
product types. The NFRC Rating System is reinforced by a certification program under
which NFRC-licensed responsible parties claiming NFRC product certification shall label
and certify fenestration products to indicate those energy and related performance ratings,
provided the ratings are authorized for certification by an NFRC-licensed certification and
Inspection Agency (IA).
The requirements of the rating, certification, and labeling program (Certification Program)
are set forth in the most recent versions of the following as amended, updated, or
interpreted from time to time:
 NFRC 700 Product Certification Program (PCP).
 NFRC 705 Component Modeling Approach (CMA), Product Certification Program
(CMA-PCP).
Through the Certification Program and the most recent versions of its companion programs
as amended, updated, or interpreted from time to time:
 The laboratory accreditation program (Accreditation Program), as set forth in the
NFRC 701 Laboratory Accreditation Program (LAP).
 The IA licensing program (IA Program), as set forth in NFRC 702 Certification Agency
Program (CAP).
 The CMA Approved Calculation Entity (ACE) licensing program (ACE Program), as
set forth in the NFRC 708 Calculation Entity Approval Program (CEAP).
NFRC intends to ensure the integrity and uniformity of NFRC ratings, certification, and
labeling by ensuring that responsible parties, testing and simulation laboratories, and IAs
adhere to strict NFRC requirements.

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 In order to participate in the Certification Program, a Manufacturer/Responsible Party shall
rate a product whose energy and energy-related performance characteristics are to be
certified in accordance with mandatory NFRC rating procedures. At present, a
Manufacturer/Responsible Party may elect to rate products for U-factor, SHGC, VT, AL,
Condensation Resistance, or any other procedure adopted by NFRC, and to include those
ratings on the NFRC temporary label affixed to its products, or on the NFRC Label
Certificate. U-factor, SHGC and VT, AL, and Condensation Resistance rating reports shall
be obtained from a laboratory that has been accredited by NFRC in accordance with the
requirements of the NFRC 701.
The rating shall then be reviewed by an IA which has been licensed by NFRC in
accordance with the requirements of the NFRC 702. NFRC-licensed IAs also review label
format and content, conduct in-plant inspections for quality assurance in accordance with
the requirements of the NFRC 702, and issue a product Certification Authorization Report
(CAR), or approve for issuance an NFRC Label Certificate for site-built or CMA products
and attachment products. The IA is also responsible for the investigation of potential
violations (prohibited activities) as set forth in the NFRC 707 Compliance and Monitoring
Program (CAMP).
Ratings for products that are labeled with the NFRC Temporary and Permanent Label, or
products that are listed on an NFRC Label Certificate in accordance with NFRC
requirements, are considered to be NFRC-certified. NFRC maintains a Certified Products
Directory (CPD), listing product lines and individual products selected by the
manufacturer/responsible party for which certification authorization has been granted.
NFRC manages the Rating System and regulates the Product Certification Program (PCP),
Laboratory Accreditation Program (LAP) and Certification Agency Program (CAP) in
accordance with the NFRC 700 (PCP), the NFRC 701 (LAP), the NFRC 702 (CAP), the
NFRC 705 (CMA-PCP), and the NFRC 708 (CEAP) procedures, and conducts compliance
activities under all these programs as well as the NFRC 707 (CAMP). NFRC continues to
develop the Rating System and each of the programs.
NFRC owns all rights in and to each of the NFRC 700, NFRC 701, NFRC 702, NFRC 705,
NFRC 707, NFRC 708 and each procedure, which is a component of the Rating System,
as well as each of its registration marks, trade names, and other intellectual property.
The structure of the NFRC program and relationships among participants are shown in
Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3. For additional information on the roles of the IAs and
laboratories and operation of the IA Program and Accreditation Program, see the NFRC
700 (PCP), NFRC 701 (LAP), and NFRC 702 (CAP) respectively.

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© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 Figure 1

Figure 2

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 Figure 3

Questions on the use of this procedure should be addressed to:

National Fenestration Rating Council

6305 Ivy Lane, Suite 410
Greenbelt, MD 20770
Voice: (301) 589-1776
Fax: (301) 589-3884
Email: info@[Link]
Website: [Link]

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© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 DISCLAIMER
NFRC certification is the authorized act of a Manufacturer/Responsible Party in: (a)
labeling a fenestration or related attachment product with an NFRC Permanent
Label and NFRC Temporary Label, or (b) generating a site built or CMA label
certificate, either of which bears one or more energy performance ratings reported
by NFRC-accredited simulation and testing laboratories and authorized for
certification by an NFRC-licensed IA. Each of these participants acts independently
to report, authorize certification, and certify the energy-related ratings of
fenestration and related attachment products.

NFRC does not certify a product and certification does not constitute a warranty of NFRC
regarding any characteristic of a fenestration or fenestration-related attachment product.
Certification is not an endorsement of or recommendation for any product or product line or
any attribute of a product or product line. NFRC is not a merchant in the business of selling
fenestration products or fenestration-related products, and therefore cannot warrant
products as to their merchantability or fitness for a particular use.
NFRC THEREFORE DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL LIABILITY THAT MAY ARISE
FROM OR IN CONNECTION WITH SERVICES PROVIDED BY, DECISIONS
MADE BY OR REPORTS OR CERTIFICATIONS ISSUED OR GRANTED BY ANY
NFRC-ACCREDITED LABORATORY, NFRC-LICENSED IA OR ANY PRODUCT
MANUFACTURER/ RESPONSIBLE PARTY; RELIANCE ON ANY NFRC
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION, SPECIFICATION, RATING, TEST OR
CERTIFICATION, WHETHER APPEARING IN A REPORT, A PRODUCT
CERTIFICATION AUTHORIZATION OR A PRINTED OR ELECTRONIC
DIRECTORY, OR ON A LABEL, OR ON A LABEL CERTIFICATE; OR THE SALE
OR USE OF ANY NFRC-RATED OR CERTIFIED PRODUCT OR PRODUCT LINE;
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO DAMAGES FOR PERSONAL OR OTHER
INJURY, LOST PROFITS, LOST SAVINGS OR OTHER CONSEQUENTIAL OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES.

NFRC program participants are required to indemnify NFRC from and against such liability.

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© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 Table of Contents
Foreword .............................................................................................................. i
Disclaimer ............................................................................................................. v
Table of Contents.................................................................................................... vi
1. Introduction ........................................................................................ 1
2. Purpose and Scope ............................................................................ 1
2.1 PURPOSE ............................................................................................... 1
2.2 SCOPE ................................................................................................... 2
2.2.1 Materials Covered By This Document ....................................... 2
2.2.2 Materials and/or Properties Not Covered By This Document .... 2
3. Terminology ........................................................................................ 2
4. Representative Thermophysical Properties ..................................... 9
4.1 THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GENERIC MATERIALS ........................... 9
4.1.1 Listing ........................................................................................ 9
4.1.2 Data Submission and Review .................................................. 10
4.1.3 Use of Appendix A vs. Appendix B .......................................... 10
4.1.4 Wood Components .................................................................. 10
4.1.5 Periodic Review of Appendices A and B .................................. 11
4.2 THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PROPRIETARY MATERIALS ................. 11
4.2.1 Listing and Use ........................................................................ 12
4.2.2 Data Submission and Review .................................................. 13
4.2.3 Periodic Affirmation of Proprietary Materials ............................ 13
4.3 IMPLEMENTATION OF CHANGES TO THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTY VALUES. 13
5. Thermophysical Properties Test Methods ..................................... 14
5.1 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY ....................................................................... 14
5.1.1 General .................................................................................... 14
5.1.2 Consideration of Aging Effects................................................. 14
5.1.3 Heat Flow Direction ................................................................. 15
5.1.4 Mean Temperature .................................................................. 15
5.1.5 Compressible Materials ........................................................... 15
5.1.6 Rigid Materials and/or Test Specimens ................................... 15
5.1.7 Special Cases .......................................................................... 17

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 [Link] Non-homogeneous Spacer Samples .......................... 17
A. Test Specimen Construction ................................ 17
B. Test Method Enhancements ................................ 17
[Link] Non-homogeneous Vacuum Insulating Glass (VIG)
Samples ........................................................................ 18
5.1.8 Specimen Thickness ................................................................ 19
5.1.9 Test Method Details ................................................................. 19
[Link] ASTM C177 .............................................................. 19
[Link] ASTM C518 .............................................................. 19
[Link] ASTM C1114 ............................................................ 19
[Link] ASTM C1363 ............................................................ 20
[Link] ASTM E1225 ............................................................. 20
[Link] ASTM E1461 ............................................................. 20
[Link] ASTM E1530 ............................................................. 20
[Link] ASTM E1952 ............................................................. 20
5.1.10 Summary Table ....................................................................... 21
5.2 EMISSIVITY ........................................................................................... 21
5.2.1 General .................................................................................... 21
5.2.2 Cleanliness of the Surface ....................................................... 21
5.2.3 Finishes ................................................................................... 22
5.2.4 Default Emissivity .................................................................... 22
5.3 SOLAR ABSORPTIVITY ........................................................................... 22
5.4 DENSITY............................................................................................... 22
Table 5-1 – Density Standards and Their Applicability ....................... 22
5.5 REPORT REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................... 23
5.5.1 Overall Reporting Requirements.............................................. 23
5.5.2 Specific Reporting Requirements ............................................ 26
[Link] ASTM C518 ............................................................. 26
[Link] ASTM C177 ............................................................. 26
[Link] ASTM C1114 ........................................................... 27
[Link] ASTM E1225 ........................................................... 27
[Link] ASTM E1461 ........................................................... 27
[Link] ASTM E1530 ........................................................... 28
[Link] ASTM E1952 ........................................................... 28
6. Data Review ...................................................................................... 28
6.1 PEER REVIEW GROUP (PRG) ................................................................ 28
6.2 INITIAL REVIEW ..................................................................................... 28
6.3 PEER REVIEW ....................................................................................... 28
6.4 ACCEPTANCE AND PUBLICATION............................................................. 29
6.5 VOLUNTARY WITHDRAWAL ..................................................................... 29
7. Interlaboratory Comparisons (ILC) ................................................. 30
8. Challenge and Appeals Procedure ................................................. 30
9. Data Verification Process Flow Chart ............................................. 31
10. References ........................................................................................ 32

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 10.1 STANDARDS ......................................................................................... 32
10.2 SOURCES FOR TABLES A AND B ............................................................. 34
Appendix A Basic Set of Generic Thermophysical Property Values of Materials
........................................................................................................... 37
Table A.1: Thermophysical Properties of Solid Materials .................. 37
Table A.2: Thermophysical Properties of Gases (Source 5).............. 41
Appendix B Extended Set of Generic Thermophysical Property Values of
Materials ............................................................................................ 42
Table B.1: Thermophysical Properties of Solid Materials .................. 42
Appendix C Thermophysical Property Values of Proprietary Materials ........ 47
Table C.1: Thermophysical Properties of Solid Materials .................. 47
Appendix D Moisture Content of Wood ............................................................ 54

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© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
1. INTRODUCTION
The National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) has developed a uniform
national rating system for fenestration and fenestration attachment product
energy performance.
A product certification program reinforces the rating system by requiring ratings
to be determined by NFRC accredited laboratories. The ratings are then
reviewed and authorized by NFRC licensed independent certification and
inspection agencies (IAs) as conforming to NFRC requirements.
This procedure has been developed to provide uniform and credible tables
(libraries) of thermophysical properties of materials used in the construction and
manufacture of fenestration and fenestration attachment products for use in
approved software tools. The thermophysical properties currently considered are
thermal conductivity, long-wave surface emissivity, and solar surface absorptivity.
In this procedure, a table of generic materials and their associated
thermophysical properties is provided, as well as a process for introducing new
or proprietary materials.
This procedure may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.
This procedure does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this procedure to establish
appropriate health and safety practices and to determine the applicability of any
regulatory limitations prior to use.
The values stated in metric (SI) units shall be regarded as the standard. The
inch-pound (IP) units shall be for reference only.

2. PURPOSE AND SCOPE

2.1 Purpose
This procedure is intended to provide a uniform method for determining
the thermophysical properties of glazing (thermal conductivity only),
framing, and other opaque materials used in the construction and
manufacture of fenestration products. These thermophysical properties
shall be used in NFRC approved software for the simulation of thermal
performance indices of fenestration and fenestration attachment products.

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 2.2 Scope

2.2.1 Materials Covered By This Document

A. All frame materials, either single component or composite
B. All glazing materials, thermal conductivity only
C. Applied Film materials, thermal conductivity only
D. All sealants and adhesives
E. Weather-stripping materials
F. Thermal barrier materials
G. Cladding materials
H. Spacer materials
I. Desiccant materials
J. Fill gases
K. Shade/blind slat materials
L. Fabric materials
M. Tubing materials, such as those used in TDDs

2.2.2 Materials and/or Properties Not Covered By This Document

A. Thermal conductivity of finishes
B. Glass coatings
C. Solar-optical properties of glazing and other transparent
materials. (See NFRC 300 and NFRC solar-optical
database)

3. TERMINOLOGY
Air Leakage (AL):
The volume of air flowing per unit time per unit area through a fenestration system
due to air pressure or temperature difference between the outdoor and indoor
environment.

Ambient Temperature:
Temperature at a given set of environmental conditions.

Attachment:
See “Dynamic Attachment” or “Fenestration Attachment.”

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 Blackbody:
A perfect emitter and absorber of thermal radiation. A blackbody emits radiant
energy at each wavelength at the maximum rate possible as a consequence of its
temperature and absorbs all incident radiant flux.

Certification:
The affixing by a licensed Responsible Party of an NFRC label on a fenestration
product, or on a box/packaging containing an attachment product, or the
distribution of an NFRC Label Certificate, for which Certification Authorization has
been granted.

Certification Agency Program (CAP):

Set of rules and procedures by which an independent certification and inspection
agency becomes licensed and operates.

Certification Authorization Report (CAR):

Certificate listing performance values of NFRC-rated products that is issued by an
NFRC-Licensed IA granting the licensee the authority to affix NFRC Labels on a
fenestration product or on the box/packaging containing an attachment product, or
to obtain an NFRC Label Certificate, upon PCP compliance by the licensee.

Certification Program:
A term often used for the Product Certification Program (PCP or CMA PCP).

Certified Simulator:
Any individual that has attended at least one NFRC-sanctioned Simulation
Training Workshop, completed and satisfactorily passed all necessary
examinations, participated in NFRC simulation round robins, and is approved by
NFRC to use at least one NFRC-approved simulation software tool.

Cladding:
An applied rigid or semi-rigid roll-formed or extruded covering that is placed over
or is attached to and follows the contour of the interior or exterior framing member
for the primary purpose of protection from environmental elements and/or
aesthetics. Cladding adds no structural integrity to the framing member.

Compliance and Monitoring Program:

A program that establishes activities that are prohibited by law and/or contract,
and fines associated with such activities.

Computer Simulation:
The process by which a product is analyzed for energy performance
characteristics utilizing NFRC-approved computer software and manufacturer

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 supplied product specifications and drawings, in accordance with the requirements
of the NFRC Rating System.

Condensation Resistance (CR):

A relative indicator of a fenestration product’s ability to resist the formation of
condensation at a specific set of environmental conditions. The higher the
Condensation Resistance value the greater the resistance to the formation of
condensation.

Product Condensation Resistance: The lower of CRf, CRc, and CRe.

Curtain Wall, Curtain Wall System:

An external non-load bearing wall that consists of any combination of framing
materials, fixed glazing, opaque glazing, operable windows, or other in-fill
materials. See “Storefront,” “Window Wall.”

Divider:
Any bar used to separate glazing into multiple lites or placed in the gap between
sheets of glazing. Dividers may be external or internal, may be removable or non-
removable, and may be real (true) or simulated. Dividers may also be called grids,
grilles, or muntins.

Dynamic Attachment:
Any Fenestration Attachment that incorporates Dynamic Glazing.

Emissivity (ε):
The relative ability of a surface to reflect or emit heat by radiation. Emissivity
ranges from 0.00 to 1.00 (Blackbody emissivity is 1.0).

Fenestration:
Products that fill openings in a building envelope, such as windows, doors,
skylights, curtain walls, etc., designed to permit or limit the passage of air, light,
vehicles, or people.

Fenestration Attachment:
A device (such as, but not limited to, shades, films, or blinds) designed to be
physically attached to, incorporated with, or covering a fenestration product.

Fenestration System:
A fenestration is a glazed aperture in a building for the controlled admission of
solar radiant heat and light. A fenestration system is an assembly of transparent or
translucent glazing infill layers, frames holding the glazing infill, mullions, muntin
bars, dividers, and other attachments and/or shading devices. The glazing infill
can include glass or plastic sheets that are patterned, corrugated, or otherwise

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 optically distorted, so long as some visible light can pass through them. The
fenestration system is often referred to as the test specimen in this document.

Finish:
The final treatment or coating of a surface.

Frame:
The enclosing structure of a window, door, or skylight which fits into the wall or
roof opening and receives either, glazing, sash, or vents.

Glass:
An inorganic, amorphous substance, usually transparent, composed of silica
(sand), soda (sodium carbonate), and lime (calcium carbonate) with small
quantities of other materials.

Glazing:
The act of installing the glazing system/glazing in-fill; (n.) The transparent or semi-
transparent in-fill material in a glazing system.

Glazing System/Glazing In-fill:

A generic term used to describe an in-fill material, such as glass, plastic, or other
transparent or translucent material, or assembly of glazing material, spacer, and
desiccant, used to enclose openings in a building created by a specific framing
system.

Heat Flux (q):

The heat flow rate through a surface of unit area perpendicular to the direction of
heat flow in units of energy per unit time and per unit area.

Individual Product:
Any one specific fenestration product within a product line, specific to weather
seals, glazing method, hardware, opening/non-opening configurations, ventilators,
weep systems, and sills.

Insulating Glass Unit (IGU), Sealed Insulating Glass Unit:

A preassembled unit comprising lites of glass, which are sealed at the edges and
separated by dehydrated space(s). The unit is normally used for windows, window
walls, picture windows, sliding doors, patio doors, or other types of fenestration.

Irradiance:
A radiometric term for the radiant flux in any or all directions in a hemispherical
solid angle that is incident upon, passing through, or leaving a surface.

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 Label:
Permanent and/or temporary marker or device applied to a fenestration product,
listing rating information and indicating compliance with certification requirements.

Label Certificate:
A document used in lieu of an NFRC Temporary Label specific to certain products
that have received certification authorization (see NFRC 705).

Laboratory Accreditation Program (LAP):

A set of rules and procedures by which a laboratory becomes accredited and
operates.

Licensee:
Any entity entering into an NFRC License Agreement and meeting the NFRC PCP
requirements.

Opaque (adj.):
Not allowing visible light to pass through.

Product Certification Authorization:

The authority granted by an NFRC-Licensed IA to an NFRC Licensee to affix
NFRC Labels, or obtain an NFRC Label Certificate, evidenced by a Certification
Authorization Report (CAR) or Label Certificate issued by the IA.

Product Certification Program (PCP):

The NFRC program for granting of authorization to licensees to label products
under the NFRC energy rating system.

Radiant Flux:
The time rate of flow of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or photons.

Radiation:
The transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves or photons from one
body to another.

Rating:
Performance values obtained using NFRC-approved procedures used for
comparative purposes only (i.e., U-factor, SHGC, VT, etc.).

Rating System:
A system that consists of NFRC simulation and test procedures for determining
comparative fenestration product energy performance characteristics, as
supported by the Certification Program.

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 Responsible Party:
The entity (manufacturer, fabricator, lineal supplier, building owner, architect, door
distributor, or other party) that signs an NFRC License Agreement. The
responsible party agrees to comply with all applicable program requirements.

Sash:
The portion of a fenestration assembly that is installed in a frame and includes the
glazing, stiles, and rails. A sash may be operable or fixed.

Simulation Software:
Any computer software used for Computer Simulation.

Solar (adj):
(1) Referring to radiometric quantities, indicating that the radiant flux involved has
the sun as its source or has the relative spectral distribution of solar flux; (2)
referring to an optical property, having as its weighting function a standard solar
spectral irradiance distribution.

Solar Heat Gain (SHG):

The quantity of incident solar energy passing through a fenestration system.
Included are both directly transmitted solar radiation as well as solar energy
absorbed by the fenestration system and re-transmitted into the inside space.

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC):

The ratio of the solar heat gain entering the space through the fenestration product
to the incident solar radiation. NFRC rates SHGC at normal incidence.

Solar Radiation:
Electromagnetic radiation covering the spectral range from 300 to 4000 nm,
coming from either natural direct beam solar radiation or from an artificial radiation
source having a similar spectral distribution.

Spacer:
The component that separates and maintains the space between the glazing
surfaces of an insulating glass unit (IGU), excluding any sealants.

Spectral (adj):
Indicating that the property or quantity was evaluated at a specific wavelength (),
within a small wavelength interval ( about ). Usually indicated by placing the
wavelength symbol , as a subscript following the symbol for the quantity, as with
E, thereby indicating that the flux-related quantity is a concentration of flux at the
indicated wavelength, or it may be placed inside parentheses following the symbol

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 for the material property, as with  (λ). It is permissible to indicate the wavelength
dependence of a flux quantity as follows: E ().

Thermal Break, Thermal Barrier:

A component made of material of relatively low thermal conductivity which is
inserted between two components having high thermal conductivity in order to
reduce heat transfer.

Thermal Bridge:
A path of high thermal conductance from the exterior to interior surfaces of a
system that has lower thermal conductance in all other areas. An example would
be a metal fastener penetrating an insulating wall or thermally broken frame.

Thermal Conductivity (k):

Heat transfer property of materials expressed in units of energy per time per length
per degree temperature difference.

Translucent (adj.):
Permitting light to pass through but with differing degrees of obscuration and
diffusion.

Transmittance:
The ratio of the transmitted radiant flux to the incident radiant flux.

Transparent (adj.):
Permitting light to pass through with clear vision.

Visible Transmittance (VT):

The ratio of visible radiation entering the space through the fenestration product to
the incident visible radiation, determined as the spectral transmittance of the total
fenestration system, weighted by the photopic response of the eye, and integrated
into a single dimensionless value. Weighted by a standard solar spectrum.

Weatherstrip:
A flexible component used to reduce air leakage, water penetration, or both
between the sash or panels and/or sash or panels and frame.

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4. REPRESENTATIVE THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES
All materials used in the computer simulation of a fenestration or fenestration
attachment product shall have either generic thermophysical properties assigned
from Appendix A or B, or proprietary thermophysical properties determined by an
approved test procedure(s) (see Section 5) and listed in Appendix C.

4.1 Thermophysical Properties of Generic Materials

Those materials determined by NFRC to be generic in nature shall be
identified and listed in Appendix A (Basic Set of Generic Materials) or
Appendix B (Extended Set of Generic Materials). NFRC may add or
remove materials as needed.
Thermophysical properties of generic materials shall be listed in the
material libraries of NFRC approved software.

4.1.1 Listing
A material shall be listed in Appendix A when all the following
criteria are met:
A. The material is a commodity and readily available from
multiple sources.
B. The material’s properties are based on data from textbooks,
material handbooks, or similar published works (including
NFRC 101 Appendix C).
C. The material’s properties are a broad average of multiple
variations of the same base material.
A material shall be listed in Appendix B when any of the following
criteria are met:
A. The material is a specific version of a generic material listed
in Appendix A with differing conductivity or emissivity. In this
case, the material with the highest conductivity shall be
placed in Appendix A and all versions shall be placed in
Appendix B.
For example, deciduous and coniferous woods (hardwoods
and softwoods) are covered generically in Appendix A.
Specific wood species shall be listed in Appendix B.
B. The material is a specific alloy of a metal listed in Appendix
A with differing conductivity or emissivity.
C. The material’s properties are specific and well defined by an
industry, national, or international standard such as, but not

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 limited to, the National Institute of Standards and Testing
(NIST).

4.1.2 Data Submission and Review

Any interested party may request, in writing, that a material and
properties meeting the requirements of Section 4.1.1 be added to
Appendix A or B accordingly. The request shall include all
supporting data and indicate the source of the data. The data shall
be reviewed in accordance with Section 6. Once approved for use
the requested material and properties shall be added to the
applicable appendix.
For material already listed in Appendix A or B, this process shall be
used to request a change to its properties.
Note: The following are considered preferred sources. Submitters
are encouraged to use data from these sources where feasible:
A. National Institute of Standards and Testing (NIST)
B. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
C. American Society of Materials (ASM)
D. Chemical Engineers’ Handbook
E. ASHRAE Fundamentals
F. DOE National Laboratories

4.1.3 Use of Appendix A vs. Appendix B

All simulators shall use Appendix A unless the simulator’s client
requests the use of Appendix B or the material is not represented in
Appendix A. If the simulator’s client requests the use of material
properties from Appendix B, then the client shall provide the
simulator with appropriate product drawings and/or material
specifications verifying that the requested material properties are
representative of the material(s) specified. If such documentation is
not provided to the simulator, then the simulator shall use the
applicable material property value(s) from Appendix A.

4.1.4 Wood Components

If a wood component’s cross-sectional material properties vary
randomly along the length of the component, and the client wishes
to use material property values from Appendix B, then for purposes
of simulation, the cross-section shall be assigned the highest
conductivity of all the materials used in that component.
For example, consider a wood frame member composed of multiple
individual pieces of wood finger-jointed together along the length of

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 the frame member. Some of the wood pieces are Sugar Pine
(k=0.100 W/m•K), some are Ponderosa Pine (k=0.110 W/m•K), and
some are Radiata Pine (k=0.120 W/m•K). The cross-section for this
frame member would be assigned a conductivity of 0.120 W/m•K.
See Figure 1.

Note: If a product is simulated using material properties from

Appendix B, then additional requirements will apply during annual
inspections of Product Certification Program licensees. See NFRC
700 for details.

4.1.5 Periodic Review of Appendices A and B

At least once every 24 months, NFRC staff shall review Appendices
A and B for completeness, accuracy and currency. NFRC staff
shall report to the NFRC 101 Task Group with recommended
changes. The NFRC 101 Task Group shall consider staff’s
recommendations and, if necessary, pursue revisions to
Appendices A and B through NFRC’s standard revision/ballot
process to the Thermophysical Properties Subcommittee (TPPS).
Any such revisions, once approved, shall be promptly announced
and posted on the NFRC website for retrieval by NFRC-accredited
simulation laboratories, NFRC-certified simulators, NFRC IAs, and
other interested parties. Each revision shall have its version
number clearly identified. NFRC shall post the date(s) when the
revised version becomes effective and the previous version
becomes obsolete.

4.2 Thermophysical Properties of Proprietary Materials

Thermophysical properties of proprietary materials shall be determined in
accordance with the applicable test procedure(s) from Section 5. The

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 supplier of the material shall be responsible for providing samples for
testing. The supplier may use its own equipment or hire an independent
laboratory to determine the thermophysical properties. The supplier shall
use an NFRC-approved laboratory.
For unapproved laboratories, they shall obtain approval to provide
conductivity testing for material suppliers by meeting one of the following:
(1) Successfully participated in an ILC per Section 7. If the
laboratory meets the ILC results criteria, NFRC shall add their
company to the list of approved laboratories.
(2) In the absence of an ILC for a particular test method, the new
laboratory shall obtain and conduct a test of a NIST traceable
standard reference material (SRM) and also conduct a test of a
known material from NFRC 101 and/or the Material Property
Database ([Link] The results of the testing
shall be provided to the NFRC and then will be forwarded to the
Accreditation Policy Committee (APC) for review, comment and
laboratory approval. See Section 9, Data Verification Process
Flowchart for new laboratory approval process.
The supplier shall be responsible for retaining the original test samples for
a minimum of 24 months. If the material supplier contracted with a testing
laboratory, it is the responsibility of the supplier to coordinate with the
laboratory for the storage and retention of the original test samples.
Thermophysical properties of proprietary materials shall be listed through
the user-defined section of the material libraries of NFRC approved
software.

4.2.1 Listing and Use

A material shall be listed in Appendix C only when the material is
unique and proprietary to the supplier. If the material is a variation
of a known Appendix A material, then it shall have a conductivity
and/or emissivity differing by at least 10% from the properties listed
in Appendix A. If the material is a variation of a known Appendix B
material, then it shall have a conductivity, and/or emissivity
differing by at least 10% from the properties listed in Appendix B.
Three or more materials of the same base type that are listed in
Appendix C may be used to establish a new Appendix A or
Appendix B generic material if the conductivity and/or emissivity of
these three materials differ by less than 10%. In this event the
Appendix C listing shall be maintained for use unless withdrawn by
the submitting supplier. If the Appendix C listing is maintained,
simulators shall be permitted to use either the Appendix C listing or
the variation listed in Appendix A or Appendix B, at the discretion of

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 the simulator’s client. The conductivity, emissivity, and density of
the new generic material shall be the average of the materials
submitted for consideration.

4.2.2 Data Submission and Review

Any interested party may request, in writing, that a material and
properties meeting the requirements of Section 4.2.1 be added to
Appendix C. All such requests shall be submitted to NFRC Staff
using the approved submission form and signed by a
representative of the submitter verifying that measurements were
made in accordance with NFRC 101. The approved submission
form shall be maintained on the NFRC website. A data review of
the submittal shall be conducted per Section 6. Upon a successful
review the requested material and properties shall be added to
Appendix C.

4.2.3 Periodic Affirmation of Proprietary Materials

Materials and properties listed in Appendix C shall be valid
indefinitely provided the material formulation and any additional
requirements as deemed necessary by NFRC remain unchanged.
The supplier of a proprietary material shall submit a written
statement to NFRC staff once every four years, affirming that the
material formulation remains unchanged compared to the originally
tested samples. The statement shall be signed by an authorized
representative of the licensee or the material supplier, and shall be
submitted to NFRC staff within 30 calendar days of the listed
expiration date in Appendix C.
NFRC staff shall periodically review Appendix C and notify material
suppliers in writing of any pending expirations between six and
seven months prior to the expiration date.
If written affirmation is not received by NFRC staff within the
specified time frame, the proprietary material shall be removed from
Appendix C.
If the formulation changes, the material supplier shall be
responsible for testing and data submission of the new material.

4.3 Implementation of Changes to Thermophysical Property Values

Any changes to the thermophysical property values in Appendices A, B, or
C other than voluntary withdrawal shall be reviewed by the NFRC 101
Task Group. The NFRC 101 Task Group shall consider the potential
effects (if any) of such changes and prepare a recommended
implementation schedule for consideration by the TPPS, Research and

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 Technology Committee and the Board of Directors. See Section 6.5 for
voluntary withdrawals.

5. THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES TEST METHODS

Thermophysical properties shall be determined according to appropriate ASTM
standards as indicated in this section. A minimum of three samples shall be
measured and the mean value reported. The difference between any individual
sample value and the average value of all samples shall be no greater than 10%
or 0.003 W/(m•K) (0.02 Btu•in/(hr•ft2•°F)), whichever is greater.
Any revisions to the test methods listed in this section shall be reviewed by the
NFRC 101 Task Group. The NFRC 101 Task Group shall consider the potential
effects (if any) of such changes to existing Thermophysical property values in
Appendices A, B, and C, and prepare a recommended course of action for
consideration by the TPPS to the Research & Technology Committee and the
Board of Directors.

5.1 Thermal Conductivity

5.1.1 General
For the determination of thermal conductivity, testing shall be
conducted according to ASTM C177, C518, C1114, C1363, E1225,
E1461, E1530 or E1952, as applicable for the specific material.
The test equipment shall be calibrated per the recommendations in
the appropriate ASTM document(s), but no less frequently than
once every 12 months.

5.1.2 Consideration of Aging Effects

For the following insulation material types that use a blowing agent
other than air, the samples shall be aged in accordance with the
associated material specification standard prior to determining the
thermal conductivity
A. Polyurethane – ASTM C1029
B. Polyisocyanurate – ASTM C1289
C. Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) & Extruded Polystyrene (XPS)
– ASTM C578

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 5.1.3 Heat Flow Direction
The specimen heat flow shall be measured in the direction intended
for final use. The heat flow direction shall be indicated in the test
report.

5.1.4 Mean Temperature

Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable test standard, tests
shall be conducted at a mean temperature of 2±1ºC (35±2ºF).
Actual testing temperatures shall be reported with data submission.

5.1.5 Compressible Materials

Compressible materials shall be tested at the compression
percentage specified by the material supplier. The compression
percentage used for testing shall be indicated along with
thermophysical property values in the appropriate appendix and
material library(ies). The thermal conductivity achieved shall be
valid only for compression percentages equal to or less than that
used for testing.

5.1.6 Rigid Materials and/or Test Specimens

A. An appropriate buffer material shall be placed between the
surface of the sample and the testing device surface plates
to ensure uniform contact between the two rigid surfaces.
i. ASTM C177, C518, and C1114 shall require thin foam
rubber sheets

ii. ASTM E1530 – see the test method document for

guidance
B. Depending upon the specific standard and device
capabilities, additional steps may be required to determine
and remove the additional resistance of the rubber sheets
from the end result.
i. If the device is equipped with external thermocouple
measuring capability, which allows the mounting of the
thermocouples to the surfaces of the test specimen;

a. The external thermocouples shall be mounted to the

surface on each side of the sample at the centerpoint.

b. These temperatures shall be used to determine the

temperature difference across the specimen (ΔT) used
in the conductivity calculations. This results in a direct
calculation of the thermal conductivity of the specimen.

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 ii. For devices not equipped with external thermocouple
measuring capability, a separate external temperature
measuring device may be used in the same manner as
described above.

a. In this case, thermocouples shall be Type T, special

limit, 30 ga or smaller,

b. The thermocouple reader shall comply with C518,

which requires that the uncertainty of the
measurement of the temperature difference across
the specimens shall be within +/- 0.5% of the actual
temperature difference.

Note: For rigid, high thermal conductivity specimens

(above 0.1 W/m-K), specimen preparation is
recommended as given in ASTM C177, Section 7.2.
iii. If surface temperature measurements are not used as
described above, the thermal resistance of the rubber
sheets must be determined and subtracted from the
overall test result (which includes rubber sheets and test
specimen) as follows. For this option, the rubber sheets
shall be neoprene with a thickness between 3mm and
5mm and a minimum density of 140 kg/m3 (8.7 pcf).
The neoprene rubber sheets shall have a minimum
combined thermal resistance of 0.10 m2-K/W.

a. Determine the resistance of the rubber sheets using

one of the following methods;

1. Using the same device and parameters as for

the test specimen, measure the rubber sheets
with a NIST-traceable calibration specimen.
Determine the resistance of the rubber sheets by
subtracting the resistance of the calibration
specimen;

2. As an alternative, measure the resistivity of the

rubber sheets using ASTM C177 or E1530.

b. Calculate the thermal resistance of the specimen only

by subtracting the thermal resistance of the rubber
sheets from the thermal resistance of the rubber
sheets/specimen.

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 5.1.7 Special Cases

[Link] Non-homogeneous Spacer Samples

A. Test Specimen Construction

i. This section applies only to spacer assemblies,
where any of the following conditions apply:

a. The spacer material is not capable of being

manufactured in a shape suitable for testing.

b. There exist multiple materials within the

product which cannot be separately
analyzed or cannot be simulated as
individual materials.
ii. The test specimen shall be assembled of parallel
lengths of the sample material with no gaps
between the lengths of material that may allow for
air within the test specimen assembly. If
necessary, the specimen shall be prepared
sandwiched between two pieces clear, uncoated,
annealed soda lime glass, nominally 2 – 4mm
(3/32 – 5/32 in.).

a. Orientation of the test specimen material

shall be such that the heat flux in the test
assembly is in the same direction across the
test specimen assembly.

b. The test specimen assembly construction

shall be such that the heat flow is
predominantly uniform across the test area
and that areas of localized heat flow
variation is minimized.

B. Test Method Enhancements

i. Testing shall be conducted per Section 5.1.6,
ensuring the use of foam rubber sheets and the
appropriate method choice between 5.1.6.B.i,
[Link] or [Link].

ii. After determining the thermal resistance of the

specimen (glass/spacer assembly), the
contribution of the glass (and foam rubber sheets
in the case that Method [Link] was chosen)

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 to the overall specimen shall be calculated and
removed to determine the spacer conductivity.
a. Measure actual glass thickness in the
assembly and assume glass thermal
conductivity of 1.000 W/m-K for this
calculation.
b. Calculate the thermal resistance of the
spacer material by subtracting the thermal
resistance of the glass layers from the
thermal resistance of the specimen.
Note: Test standard EN 675 provides useful
background and guidance on testing with rigid glass
surfaces and the use of the rubber sheets.

[Link] Non-homogeneous Vacuum Insulating Glass (VIG)

Samples
This section applies to vacuum insulating glass units
(VIG) when the pillars or glass separators and vacuum
gap are not specified. The test apparatus, dimensions of
the specimen and metering area, and measurements
shall follow ISO 19916-1, Appendix A, with the following
exceptions:

A. The mean temperature shall follow section 5.1.4,

herein above.

B. The vacuum gap thermal resistance shall be

calculated as follows:

i. The contribution of the glass to the overall

specimen shall be calculated and removed from
the measured thermal resistance of the
specimen.

ii. Measure actual glass thickness in the assembly

and assume glass thermal conductivity of 1.000
W/m-K for this calculation.

C. Calculate the thermal conductance of the vacuum

gap from the thermal resistance of the vacuum gap.

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 5.1.8 Specimen Thickness
For more specific quantitative information on specimen thickness
limitations see References 2, 3, 4 and 6. For materials with
conductance higher than the upper limit specified in the applicable
standard, sheets of material shall be permitted to be stacked for
testing. For rigid materials, thermal paste shall be applied between
layers to ensure accurate measurement. For flexible materials, the
use of thermal paste shall be at the discretion of the testing agency.
The submitter shall indicate in the test report if stacking was used
and shall state type and conductivity of the thermal paste used in
the specimen construction; and provide a drawing indicating
specimen construction details and dimensions.

5.1.9 Test Method Details

[Link] ASTM C177

For testing in accordance with ASTM C177 the specimen thermal
conductance shall be less than 16 W/m2•K and the temperature
difference across the specimen shall not be less than 10 K. The
specimen shall be either thermally homogeneous, or non-
homogeneous normal to the heat flow direction only (such as
layered structures).

[Link] ASTM C518

For testing in accordance with ASTM C518 the specimen thermal
conductance shall be less than 10 W/m2•K and the temperature
difference across the specimen shall not be less than 10 K. The
specimen shall be thermally homogeneous.
ASTM C518 is acceptable for obtaining effective thermal
conductivity values for materials and components that cannot be
simulated and/or provided as a homogeneous specimen for testing.
In these cases, specific test specimen construction and test method
enhancements are required, as noted in Section 5.1.7, Special
Cases.

[Link] ASTM C1114

ASTM C1114 is applicable to thermally homogeneous, low-
conductance specimens only. Apparatus of the type covered by
C1114 apply to the study of thermal properties of specimens
containing moisture because of the use of small temperature
differences and the low thermal capacity of the heat source.

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 [Link] ASTM C1363
For testing of specimens with non-homogeneities in the heat flow
direction, such as an insulation system with thermal bridges, see
ASTM C1363 for guidance.

[Link] ASTM E1225

For testing in accordance with E1225 the specimen thermal
conductivity shall be between approximately 0.2 and 200 W/m•K
and the mean sample temperature shall be between approximately
90-1300 K. E1225 uses a steady state technique for the
determination of thermal conductivity of homogeneous, opaque
solids. To use ASTM E1225 for composites or non-homogeneous
systems consisting of slabs or plates bonded together, the
specimen shall be more than 20 units wide and 20 units thick where
a unit is the thickness of the thickest slab or plate.

[Link] ASTM E1461

ASTM E1461 is a flash diffusivity method used for thin gauge highly
conductive, primarily homogeneous, isotropic solid materials such
as sheet metals. The specimen thermal diffusivity value shall be
between 10-7 and 10-3 m2/s and the sample temperature shall be
between 75 and 2800 K. ASTM E1461 tests shall be conducted at
a mean temperature of 25 ± 1°C (77± 2°F). Any deviation from the
required 25 ± 1°C (77± 2°F) mean temperature shall be approved
by the NFRC 101 Peer Review Group, preferably prior to testing.
Use of ASTM E1461 requires following specific heat capacity
measurement and thermal conductivity measurement techniques
per Appendix X2 of ASTM E1461.

[Link] ASTM E1530

ASTM E1530 is similar in concept to C518 and is especially useful
for materials in sheet and similar forms having a thermal
conductance of 25 to 500 W/m2•K over an approximate
temperature range of 150 to 600 K. Accuracy may be reduced for
specimens thicker than 20 mm (0.8 in) and for thermal
conductivities greater than 10 W/m•K.

[Link] ASTM E1952

E1952 covers the determination of thermal conductivity of
homogeneous, non-porous solid materials with conductivity in the
range of 0.10 to 1.0 W/m•K by modulated temperature differential
scanning calorimeter.

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 5.1.10 Summary Table
The following table summarizes the features of the aforementioned
ASTM standards:

Conductivity Conductance
ASTM Range Range Min
Standard (W/m•K) (W/m2•K) ∆T (K) Remarks
C177 < 16 10 Thermally homogeneous
C518 < 10 10 Thermally homogeneous
C1114 None Thermally homogeneous, for
specimens with moisture
E1225 0.2-200 90- Thermally homogeneous, Opaque
1300
E1461 NA NA NA Primarily homogeneous isotropic
solid materials.
Thermal diffusivity values ranging
from 10-7 to 10-3 m2/s; temperature
range: 75 to 2800 K (appendix X2
use mandatory)
E1530 25-500 150- Thermally homogeneous
600
E1952 0.1-1.0 None Thermally homogeneous

5.2 Emissivity

5.2.1 General
See Appendix A or B for emissivity values of generic materials.
For metallic proprietary materials, emissivity shall be determined
according to ASTM C1371 or ASTM E1933. For non-metallic
proprietary materials, the material supplier shall have the option of
determining emissivity according to either ASTM C1371 or ASTM
E1933 or assigning a default emissivity of 0.9.
ASTM E1933 requires the specimen to be at a temperature of at
least 10 K different than the ambient temperature.
ASTM C1371 provides a comparative means of quantifying the
emittance of opaque, highly thermally-conductive materials near
room temperature.

5.2.2 Cleanliness of the Surface

ASTM C1371 recommends that the procedure used should ensure
minimum alteration of the specimen surface. For example, if the
emittance of a dust-covered specimen is desired, the dust shall not

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 be removed. However, if the surface is intended to be clean and
free of any residue, it shall be visually inspected for signs of
contamination prior to the measurement and, if necessary, cleaned
with the appropriate solution and dried.

5.2.3 Finishes
For painted or finished specimens, the paint or finish shall be fully
cured and in good contact with the substrate (i.e., no bubbles,
peeling, or scratches). For further instructions, see ASTM D3359.

5.2.4 Default Emissivity

For surface finishes which differ from those noted in Appendices A,
B, and C, the manufacturer may choose to accept a default
emissivity of 0.9 to represent those finishes.

5.3 Frame Absorptance

See ANSI/NFRC 200 for default frame and divider absorptance values.

5.4 Density
The density of the material shall be determined by dividing its weight by its
volume. For compressible materials the density shall be determined at the
compression percentage specified by the material supplier. Table 5-1
describes allowable density measurement methods for various materials.

Table 5-1 – Density Standards and Their Applicability

Material Procedure
Polymer or plastic based materials ASTM D792, ASTM D1505, ASTM
D4883, ISO 1183-1, ISO 1183-2,
or ISO 1183-3. For assembled or
pre-constructed test specimens,
density using a calibrated scale
and micrometer, vernier caliper, or
tape measure may use the volume
÷ weight formula for measurement.
Timber based ASTM D2395, Wood Handbook
(FPL-GTR-282)
Fine aggregates ASTM C128
Any other Must report density measurement
standard or procedure used.

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 5.5 Report Requirements
All reports, regardless of the test method, shall contain at a minimum the
information listed in Section 5.5.1. Any additional items required in the
specified test method which do not appear below shall also be included.
Additional requirements that pertain to specific test methods are listed in
Section 5.5.2.

5.5.1 Overall Reporting Requirements

General / Laboratory / Conformance
A. The report shall be identified with a unique numbering system
to allow traceability to the individual measurements taken
during each test performed,
B. Identification of the test organization, responsible person in
charge, test operator and the organization for whom the
testing is being performed.
C. The specific designation and dated version of the test
methods used.
D. Statement of full compliance with the test method, or where
circumstances or requirements preclude complete
compliance with the procedures of the test, any variations
from the test method shall be listed using the phrase, “All
requirements of test method XXX have been met with the
exception of..." followed by a complete list of the exceptions.
Instrumentation
E. Manufacturer and model of the instrument used,
F. Description of the instrument used for testing.
G. Thermocouple type, size, location and attachment
procedures, if applicable.
Specimen Identification, Characteristics, Preparation
H. The generic name and any other pertinent identification
required to provide a complete and detailed physical
description of the tested material.
I. Specimen shape and size. If the test method used required
the assembly of several pieces to create a testable specimen
via stacking or adjoining pieces side-by-side, it is required to
report how many pieces(parts) were assembled and the
dimensions of each.
J. Material source and manufacturer code, if known.
K. Pertinent history of specimen, if known.

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 L. Description of the specimen and its relationship to the
sample, if known.
M. Proprietary and/or brand name, if applicable.
N. For hygroscopic materials, such as concrete or wood, the
moisture content shall be given.
O. Information regarding any specimen preconditioning,
including conditioning procedure, method and environment
used for conditioning and any thermal or mechanical
pretreatment.
P. Total area of the specimen or diameter and length of the
specimen, if cylindrical.
Q. Thickness of the specimen as received and as tested (within
the metered section)
R. Density of the conditioned specimen as tested and the
measurement standard used.
i. For specimens tested with glass and/or rubber mats, the
density of the material evaluated shall exclude the glass
or foam materials.
S. Mass loss of the specimen during conditioning and testing, in
percentage of conditioned mass, if required.
T. Mass regains of the specimen during test, in percentage of
conditioned mass, if required.
U. For loose-fill materials, report the specimen preparation
followed.
V. Indicate if specimen stacking was used, and if so, the type
and conductivity of the thermal paste used in the specimen
construction. A drawing indicating the construction details
and dimensions shall be included.
W. Pictures of test specimen(s)
i. For homogeneous materials, a single photograph of the
test specimen showing top and sides is adequate.
ii. If testing per Section 5.1.7 of this document, then
a top and side view photograph of the constructed
specimen(s) shall be included.
iii. Detailed image(s) showing surface condition
(flatness) shall be included.

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 Test Parameters
X. Mean temperature of the test (K or oC)
Y. Average temperature of the hot and cold specimen surfaces
(K or ºC). For non-rigid (compressible) specimens, the plate
temperature may be assumed to be the same as the
specimen surface temperature. For rigid specimens, the
temperature shall be measured at the surface of the
specimen.
Z. Average temperature gradient in the specimen during test as
computed from the temperatures of the hot and cold surfaces
(K/m).
AA. Direction and orientation of thermal transmission (heat
transfer) through the sample. Measurements shall be in the
direction intended for final use.
BB. Orientation and position of the heat meter apparatus during
test (vertical, horizontal, etc.)
CC. Location of heat flow meter with respect to the hot or cold
surface of the specimen
DD. Specimen edge condition: sealed or open to the ambient.
EE. Variables that affect thermal transmission properties and/or
environmental surroundings of the specimen (gas type,
pressure, etc.), shall be specified when applicable.
FF. Type and thickness of any interface materials (rubber mats)
used during the test,
GG. Test start date and time.
HH. Time required for steady temperature conditions, if
applicable.
II. Time required to reach steady-state, if applicable.
JJ. Duration and end time of the measurement portion of the test.
KK. Frequency of data collection.
LL. End date and time
Test Measurements
MM. Heat flux amount and direction through the specimen (W/m2),
NN. The average values as obtained from the test. Standard
deviation about that average.

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 Test Results
OO. Thermal conductance of the specimen, W/(m2-K)
PP. Thermal conductivity of the specimen, W/(m-K)
QQ. Thermal resistance of the specimen, m2-K/W (h-ft2-°F/Btu)
RR. The mean value of thermal conductivity for a minimum of
three measured samples shall be provided. The difference
between each individual sample and the mean shall be
reported.
SS. Results of the thermal resistance test of the glass and/or
foam mats used during tests, as applicable.
Calibration
TT. Date of the latest apparatus calibration and/or verification and
a description of the procedures used. References for the
verification report(s) shall also be included.
UU. Include a statement of laboratory accreditation of the test
facility used, including date of latest inspection.
VV. The specimens used in calibration shall be identified as to the
type, thermal resistance, date of specimen certification,
source of certification, expiration date of calibration, and the
certification test number.
Precision & Bias
WW. Estimated or calculated uncertainty.
XX. Any other specifics required by the specified test method(s)
are also required.

5.5.2 Specific Reporting Requirements

[Link] ASTM C518

For direct reading apparatus, the results of the calibration
of electronic circuitry and equipment or a statement of
compliance including date, and a statement of
compliance on linearity requirements.

[Link] ASTM C177

A. The dimensions of the metered section and guard(s)

and their relationship to the overall specimen
dimensions (m);

B. Plate emittance;

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 C. Values for guard loss, back side energy loss and
other losses included in the net energy calculation
(W/m2)

[Link] ASTM C1114

None

[Link] ASTM E1225

A. Complete listing of the geometrical dimensions of the

system including rA, rB, specimen height, meter bar
height, and distances between temperature sensors.

B. Column force

C. Meter bar material and source of lM values if other

than those listed in Table 1 of ASTM E1225.

D. Complete identification of insulation and source of λI

values, gas, and gas pressure

[Link] ASTM E1461

A. Statement that the response time of the detector,
including the associated electronics was adequately
checked, and the method used.
B. Energy pulse source.
C. Type of temperature rise detector.
D. Calculated value of thermal diffusivity (at x = 50%,
m2/s in E1461), at the reported temperature.
E. Statement as to whether or not the data was
corrected for thermal expansion. If this correction
was made, the thermal expansion values used must
be reported.
F. Statement of the beam uniformity check, or methods
employed to eliminate the need for any.
G. Statements concerning the results of repeat
measurements at each temperature.
H. Discussion of errors and correction procedures that
were used for heat losses and finite pulse time
effects.

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© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 [Link] ASTM E1530
A. Details of temperatures of appropriate surfaces, guard
and ambient, °C (°F)
B. Applied load, Pa (psi)

[Link] ASTM E1952

A. Thermal diffusivity (mm2/s);
B. Values for calibrations constant(s)

6. DATA REVIEW

6.1 Peer Review Group (PRG)

The Thermophysical Properties Subcommittee (TPPS) shall establish a
Peer Review Group (PRG) which shall include all interested parties,
including approved laboratories submitting test data, the chairs of the
NFRC 101 Task Group and the TPPS. Staff may also include subject
matter experts for each type of material submission as appropriate.

6.2 Initial Review

All submissions shall be submitted to NFRC for an initial review where the
submission shall be checked for conspicuous errors, discontinuity, noise,
suspicious results, and completeness. The initial review shall be
completed within five business days of receipt of the submission by a
qualified NFRC technical staff member. If deficiencies are discovered
during the initial review, the submitter shall be informed accordingly and
provided adequate explanation of items or formats that need to be
addressed. The submitter may resubmit data at any time, upon which
another initial review shall be conducted.

6.3 Peer Review

Upon successful completion of the initial review, NFRC Staff shall issue
the submittal to the PRG for a peer review. The peer review shall last no
more than 15 business days from the date the submittal was issued to the
PRG. All members of the PRG shall be permitted to question any data
submitted. The peer review shall be deemed successful:
A. If no comments are received within the 15-day review period; or
B. When all submitted comments are addressed to the satisfaction of
the commenter.

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 Staff shall retain the right to contact PRG members or subject matter
experts that do not reply during a peer review period. Any PRG member
that does not reply on three consecutive peer reviews may be removed
from the PRG at staff’s discretion.
Any comments that cannot be resolved by the PRG shall be referred to
the NFRC 101 Task Group for review and arbitration. Comments not
resolved by the NFRC 101 Task Group shall be forwarded to the TPPS for
resolution through NFRC’s standard consensus process.

6.4 Acceptance and Publication

Upon successful completion of the peer review, NFRC Staff shall notify
the submitter within five business days that their new data has been
approved for use in NFRC approved software. NFRC 101 shall be
updated and published within three weeks following the completion of the
peer review and announced via a Technical Bulletin. The published data
shall be valid indefinitely unless successfully challenged, voluntarily
withdrawn, or replaced. NFRC shall retain on file all data submissions.

6.5 Voluntary Withdrawal

Thermophysical property values of proprietary materials may be
withdrawn by the material owner at any time upon written request to
NFRC. Upon such request any existing records for that material shall be
removed from NFRC 101 and NFRC Certified Simulators should consider
removing the materials from their own libraries. Withdrawn values shall not
be used in any future simulation work. Any existing simulations completed
with withdrawn material shall remain valid until expiration of the associated
certification authorization.

6.6 Involuntary Withdrawal

NFRC Staff shall notify material suppliers in writing of pending involuntarily
withdraw if affirmation, per Section 4.2.3, is not received prior to the listed
expiration date in Appendix C or if the annual thermophysical property
participation fee per NFRC 704 is not paid within 45 days following the
payment notification date. Material suppliers shall have 15 days to resolve
affirmation or nonpayment issues prior to complete withdrawal of
proprietary material(s) from Appendix C.
For both voluntary and involuntary withdrawals, NFRC shall issue a Technical
Bulletin and send within five (5) business days of the reaffirmation date to
announce the publication of a revised NFRC 101 document for withdrawal of
proprietary material(s) from Appendix C. The notification shall be sent to all
NFRC accredited simulation laboratories, licensed inspection agencies, PRG
members, and any other interested party that has requested (in writing) to be
included in such notifications.

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© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
7. INTERLABORATORY COMPARISONS (ILC)
NFRC shall sponsor an Interlaboratory Comparison (ILC) at a minimum of once
every two years, but preferably once each year.
Assignment of materials to be tested for the ILC shall be recommended by the
Board of Directors, Research & Technology Committee, TPPS or NFRC 101
Task Group. Any recommendations shall be reviewed by the NFRC 101 Task
Group and then executed by NFRC Staff.
All laboratories that have submitted thermophysical property data shall be invited
to participate in ILCs. Any laboratory that has not submitted thermophysical
property data shall be permitted to participate in ILCs upon written request to
NFRC Staff. Any ILC participant shall be permitted to measure the most recent
ILC sample(s) to verify that the measured data is within two standard deviations
of the mean of the ILC results. NFRC shall keep ILC data confidential and shall
publish only the standard deviation and number of outliers, without disclosing the
mean of the ILC measurements for at least one year or until completion of the
next ILC.
A summary report of the ILC shall be prepared by NFRC and submitted to the
NFRC 101 Task Group for review before presentation to the TPPS.

8. CHALLENGE AND APPEALS PROCEDURE

Please refer to NFRC 714 if a challenge or appeal to any NFRC 101
thermophysical property is necessary.

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9. DATA VERIFICATION PROCESS FLOW CHART

Legend: Red = not approved; green = approved

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10. REFERENCES

10.1 Standards
1. ANSI/NFRC 100-2023: Procedure for Determining Fenestration
Product U-factors. National Fenestration Rating Council: Greenbelt,
MD; 2010. [Link]
2. NFRC 300-2023: Test Method for Determining the Solar Optical
Properties of Glazing Materials and Systems. National Fenestration
Rating Council: Greenbelt, MD; 2010. [Link]
3. NFRC 600-2020: Glossary and Terminology. National Fenestration
Rating Council: Greenbelt, MD; 2010. [Link]
4. NFRC 700-2023: Product Certification Program. National
Fenestration Rating Council: Greenbelt, MD; 2010. [Link]
5. NFRC 701-2023: Laboratory Accreditation Program Document.
National Fenestration Rating Council: Greenbelt, MD; 2011.
[Link]
6. NFRC 702-2021: Certification Agency Program. National
Fenestration Rating Council: Greenbelt, MD; 2011. [Link]
7. NFRC 705-2023: Component Modeling Approach – Product
Certification Program. National Fenestration Rating Council:
Greenbelt, MD; 2009. [Link]
8. NFRC 7007-2022: Compliance and Monitoring Program Manual.
National Fenestration Rating Council: Greenbelt, MD; 2010.
[Link]
9. NFRC 708-2023: Calculation Entity Approval Program Document.
National Fenestration Rating Council: Greenbelt, MD; 2010.
[Link]
10. NFRC 714-2021: Challenge and Appeals Procedure. National
Fenestration Rating Council: Greenbelt, MD; 2010. [Link]
11. ASTM C128 – 22 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative
Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate.
ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2022, DOI:
10.1520/C0128-22. [Link]
12. ASTM C177-19e1: Standard Test Method for Steady-State Heat
Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by
Means of the Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus. ASTM International,
West Conshohocken, PA, 2019, DOI: 10.1520/C0177-19e1.
[Link]

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 32

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 13. ASTM C518-21: Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal
Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter
Apparatus. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2021,
DOI: 10.1520/C0518-21. [Link]
14. ASTM C1114-06(2019): Standard Test Method for Steady-State
Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater
Apparatus. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2019,
DOI: 10.1520/C1114-06. [Link]
15. ASTM C1363-19: Standard Test Method for the Thermal
Performance of Building Materials and Envelope Assemblies by
Means of a Hot Box Apparatus. ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2019, DOI: 10.1520/C1363-19. [Link]
16. ASTM C1371-15(2022): Standard Test Method for Determination
of Emittance of Materials near Room Temperature Using Portable
Emissometers. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA,
2022, DOI: 10.1520/C1371-15. [Link]
17. ASTM D792-20:Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific
Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement. ASTM
International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2020, DOI:
10.1520/D0792-20. [Link]
18. ASTM D1505-18: Standard Test Method for Density of Plastics by
the Density-Gradient Technique. ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2018, DOI: 10.1520/D1505-18. [Link]
19. ASTM D2395-17(2022): Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity
of Wood and Wood-Based Materials. ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2022, DOI: 10.1520/D2395-17. [Link]
20. ASTM D3359-23: Standard Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion
by Tape Test. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2023,
DOI: 10.1520/D3359-23. [Link]
21. ASTM D4883-18:Standard Test Method for Density of Polyethylene
by the Ultrasound Technique. ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2018, DOI: 10.1520/D4883-18. [Link]
22. ASTM E1225-20: Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity
of Solids by Means of the Guarded-Comparative-Longitudinal Heat
Flow Technique. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA,
2020, DOI: 10.1520/E1225-20. [Link]
23. ASTM E1461-13(2022): Standard Test Method for Thermal
Diffusivity by the Flash Method. ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2022, DOI: 10.1520/E1461-16. [Link]
24. ASTM E1530-19: Standard Test Method for Evaluating the
Resistance to Thermal Transmission of Materials by the Guarded

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 33

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 Heat Flow Meter Technique. ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, 2019, DOI: 10.1520/E1530-19. [Link]
25. ASTM E1933-14(2022): Standard Test Methods for Measuring and
Compensating for Emissivity Using Infrared Imaging Radiometers.
ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2022, DOI:
10.1520/E1933-14. [Link]
26. ASTM E1952-23: Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity
and Thermal Diffusivity by Modulated Temperature Differential
Scanning Calorimetry. ASTM International, West Conshohocken,
PA, 2023, DOI: 10.1520/E1952-23. [Link]
27. ISO 1183-[Link]Plastics – Methods for determining the density of
non-cellular plastics – Part 1: Immersion method, liquid pycnometer
method and titration method. International Organization for
Standardization: Geneva, Switzerland. [Link]
28. ISO 1183-[Link] Plastics – Methods for determining the density of
non-cellular plastics – Part 2: Density gradient column method.
International Organization for Standardization: Geneva,
Switzerland. [Link]
29. ISO 1183-3:1999 Plastics – Methods for determining the density of
non-cellular plastics – Part 3: Gas pyrometer method. International
Organization for Standardization: Geneva, Switzerland.
[Link]
30. ISO 19916-1:2018 Glass in building – Vacuum insulating glass –
Part 1: Basic specification of products and evaluation methods for
thermal and sound insulating performance. International
Organization for Standardization: Geneva, Switzerland.
[Link]

10.2 Sources for Tables A and B

1. BSEn 12524: Building material and products-Hygrothermal
properties-Tabulated design values, November 1999 (and B.R.
Anderson, et al., Final Report of the Thermal Values Group, March
1999)
2. ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook. American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers: Atlanta, GA; 2009.
[Link]
3. J. L. Wright and H. F. Sullivan (1989). “Thermal Resistance
Measurement of Glazing System Edge-Seal and Seal Materials
Using a Guarded Heater Plate Apparatus.” At. 95-2

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 34

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 4. U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Products Laboratory. Wood
Handbook – wood as an engineering material. General Technical
Report FPL-GTR-282. Madison, WI. 2021
5. Curcija, D. C.; Kohler, C.; Vidanovic, D. 2012. “Thermo-Physical
Properties for Glazing Cavity Gas Fills”, Revision 7, October 24,
2012. LBNL Technical Report
6. Curcija, D. C. 2011. “Emissivity of a Selection of Steel Samples”,
June 2, 2011. LBNL Technical Report
7. D. F. Miner and J. B. Seastone, Handbook of Engineering
Materials. Wiley and Sons: Hoboken, New Jersey; 1955
8. F. P. Incropera and D. P. DeWitt. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass
Transfer. Third Edition. Wiley and Sons: Hoboken, New Jersey;
1990.
9. Kuzman R., Handbook of Thermodynamic Tables and Charts.
McGraw Hill Book Company, 1976.
10. NIST Heat Transmission Properties of Insulation and Building
Materials Database
11. M. Loffler and D. Buck. “Glazing Edge-Seal Using Foamglass as
Spacer and Frameless Window Design.” Solar Energy. Vol. 61, No.
5, 1997; pp. 303-312.
12. A. Gustavsen and Berdahl, 2003. “Spectral Emissivity of Anodized
Aluminum and the Thermal Transmittance of Aluminum Window
Frames”. Nordic Journal of Building Physics Vol. 3, 2003; May,
2003
13. G. Alva, Y. Lin, G. Fang, 2018, “Thermal and electrical
characterization of polymer/ceramic composites with polyvinyl
butyral matrix”, Materials Chemistry and Physics 205 (2018).
14. ISO 10077-2:2017, “Thermal performance of windows, doors and
shutters – Calculation of thermal transmittance – Part 2: Numerical
method for frames
15. BS EN ISO 10456:2007, “Building Materials and Products –
Hygrothermal Properties – Tabulated design values and
procedures for determining declared and design thermal values”.
Standards Policy and Strategy Committee, December 2007
(European Committee for Standardization).
16. MatWeb Material Property Data for galvanized steel.
[Link]
anized%20steel
17. Conductivity of Zinc Alloys. International Zinc Association. 2014.
[Link].

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 35

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 18. Aging of Polyurethane Foam Insulation with 3rd Generation Blowing
Agents, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, published 1998 (ORNL
CP-99527)
19. Peer review of three or more same base type materials listed in
Appendix C to establish a new Appendix A or B generic material.
20. MatWeb Material Property Data for ABS
[Link]
21. Hammon, B., Martin, N. 2023. "Apparent Thermal Conductivity and
Thermal Resistance of European Pine Wood." Report Number
621006117-A, NETZSCH Instruments Applications Laboratory,
Burlington, MA. August 17, 2023.

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 36

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 APPENDIX A BASIC SET OF GENERIC THERMOPHYSICAL
PROPERTY VALUES OF MATERIALS
Table A.1: Thermophysical Properties of Solid Materials
Conductivity Emissivity
Name Source1
k ε
2
W/m•K Btu/hr•ft•F Btu•in/hr•ft •ºF - -
Elastomers
Butadiene 0.250 0.144 1.733 1,15 0.9
Butyl rubber (isobutene, solid/hot melt) 0.240 0.139 1.664 1,3,15 0.9
Expanded rubber (rigid) 0.032 0.018 0.222 2 0.9
Ethylene propylene diene monomer
0.250 0.144 1.733 1,15 0.9
(EPDM)
Foam Rubber 0.060 0.035 0.416 1,15 0.9
Hard rubber (ebonite), solid 0.170 0.098 1.179 1,15 0.9
Natural rubber 0.130 0.075 0.901 1,15 0.9
Neoprene (polychloroprene) 0.230 0.133 1.595 1,15 0.9
Polyisobutylene (PIB) 0.200 0.116 1.387 1,15 0.9
Polysulphide 0.400 0.231 2.773 1,15 0.9
Rubber, Neoprene foam 0.036 0.021 0.246 10 0.9
Vulcanized rubber 0.160 0.092 1.109 2 0.9

Polymers
ABS 0.200 0.116 1.387 20 0.9
Acrylic 0.200 0.116 1.387 1,15 0.9
Cellular Polyvinylchloride (cPVC) 0.067 0.039 0.465 19 0.9
Elastomeric foam, flexible 0.050 0.029 0.347 1,15 0.9
Epoxy resin 0.200 0.116 1.387 1,15 0.9
Phenolic resin 0.300 0.173 2.080 1,15 0.9
PVB 0.224 0.129 1.553 13 0.9
Polyacetate 0.300 0.173 2.080 1,15 0.9
Polyamide
0.300 0.173 2.080 1,15 0.9
(PA 66/Nylon – 25% glass fill)
Polyamide (Nylon – no fill) 0.250 0.144 1.733 1,15 0.9
Polycarbonate 0.200 0.116 1.387 1,15 0.9
Polyester resin 0.190 0.110 1.317 1,15 0.9
Polyethylene foam 0.050 0.029 0.347 1,15 0.9
Polyethylene/polythene HD (high density) 0.500 0.289 3.467 1,15 0.9
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) 0.180 0.104 1.248 1,15 0.9
Polypropylene 0.220 0.127 1.525 1,15 0.9

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 Conductivity Emissivity
Name Source1
k ε
W/m•K Btu/hr•ft•F Btu•in/hr•ft2•ºF - -
Polypropylene with 25% glass fiber 0.250 0.144 1.733 1,15 0.9
Polystyrene 0.160 0.092 1.109 1,15 0.9
Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) 0.250 0.144 1.733 1,15 0.9
Polyurethane 0.250 0.144 1.733 1,15 0.9
Polyurethane foam 0.050 0.029 0.347 1,15 0.9
Polyurethane foam, closed cell 0.029 0.017 0.201 2 0.9
Polyurethane (urethane) thermal break 0.210 0.121 1.456 1,15 0.9
Polyvinylchloride (PVC) flexible 0.140 0.081 0.971 1,15 0.9
PVC/Vinyl (rigid) 0.170 0.098 1.179 1,15 0.9
Silicone 0.350 0.202 2.427 1,15 0.9
Silicone, filled 0.500 0.289 3.467 1,15 0.9

Composites
Fiberglass 0.400 0.231 2.774 14 0.9

Timbers
Coniferous woods (Softwoods) 0.140 0.081 0.971 4 0.9
Deciduous woods (Hardwoods) 0.160 0.092 1.109 4 0.9

Wood based panels

Cement-bonded particleboard 0.230 0.133 1.595 1,15 0.9
Cement-bonded wood wool panels 0.140 0.081 0.971 1,15 0.9
Fiberboard 0.180 0.104 1.248 1,15 0.9
Particleboard 0.180 0.104 1.248 1,15 0.9
Plywood 0.240 0.139 1.664 1,15 0.9
Oriented strand board (OSB) 0.130 0.075 0.901 1,15 0.9

Metals
Aluminum 237 136.94 1643.24 8 0.9
Aluminum alloys (mill finish) 160.0 92.446 1109.36 1,12,15 0.05
Aluminum alloys (anodized) 160.0 92.446 1109.36 1,12,15 0.8
Aluminum alloys (painted) 160.0 92.446 1109.36 1,15 0.9
Aluminum bronze 100 57.78 693.35 2 0.9
Bronze 65 37.56 450.68 1,15 0.2
Brass 120 69.34 832.02 1,15 0.2
Copper 380 219.56 2634.72 1,15 0.8
Iron, cast 50 28.89 346.67 9 0.8
Lead 35 20.22 242.67 9 0.8

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 Conductivity Emissivity
Name Source1
k ε
W/m•K Btu/hr•ft•F Btu•in/hr•ft2•ºF - -
Steel (plated) 50.0 28.890 346.67 1,6,15 0.05
Steel (painted) 50.0 28.890 346.67 1,15 0.9
Steel (rolled, ground) 50.0 28.890 346.67 1, 6,15 0.1
Steel (rolled, ground, plated) 50.0 28.890 346.67 1, 6,15 0.2
Steel, low carbon (0.1%C) 59 34.09 409.08 9 0.9
Steel Stainless (oxidized) 17.0 9.822 117.87 1,6,15 0.8
Steel Stainless (buffed) 17.0 9.822 117.87 1,6,15 0.2
Steel-galvanized sheet (0.14%C) 52.0 30.045 360.54 6,16 0.2
Steel-galvanized sheet (0.14%C)
52.0 30.045 360.54 6,16 0.9
(painted)
Zinc 110 63.56 762.68 17 0.28

Glazing Materials
Glass, Soda-Lime (Plate or Float) 1.000 0.578 6.933 1,15 0.84
Glass mosaic 1.200 0.693 8.320 1,15 0.84
Glass-Flint (lead) 1.400 0.809 9.707 2 0.84
Glass-Quartz 1.400 0.809 9.707 1,15 0.9
Acrylic sheet 0.200 0.116 1.387 1,15 0.9

Insulating Materials
Aerogel – Silica 0.024 0.014 0.166 10 0.9
Cellular glass 0.051 0.029 0.354 2 0.9
Cellulose, sprayed into open cavities 0.040 0.023 0.277 10 0.9
Cellulosic fiber, loose fill 0.046 0.027 0.319 2 0.9
Cotton fiber 0.042 0.024 0.291 2 0.9
Expanded perlite, organic bonded 0.052 0.030 0.361 2 0.9
Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) 0.038 0.022 0.263 1,15 0.9
Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) 0.034 0.020 0.236 1,15 0.9
Felt 0.050 0.029 0.347 2 0.9
Glass fiber, batts 0.048 0.028 0.333 2 0.9
Glass fiberboard 0.035 0.020 0.243 2 0.9
Glass fiber Sheathing (semi-rigid) 0.034 0.020 0.236 2 0.9
Glass fiber (spray applied) 0.042 0.024 0.291 2 0.9
Glass wool 0.033 0.019 0.229 1,15 0.9
Insulation fiberboard 0.049 0.028 0.340 8 0.9
Phenolic foam board with facing 0.023 0.013 0.159 2 0.9
Polyester fiber 0.040 0.023 0.277 1,15 0.9
Polyisocyanurate -foil faced 0.023 0.013 0.159 2 0.9
Polyisocyanurate – unfaced 0.025 0.014 0.173 2 0.9
Polyurethane foam, blown 0.023 0.013 0.159 18 0.9

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 Conductivity Emissivity
Name Source1
k ε
W/m•K Btu/hr•ft•F Btu•in/hr•ft2•ºF - -
Rock and slag wool batts 0.037 0.021 0.257 2 0.9
Straw thatch 0.070 0.040 0.485 2 0.9
Vermiculite 0.077 0.044 0.534 10 0.9

Miscellaneous
Foam glass 0.040 0.023 0.277 1,11,15 0.9
Mohair (polyester) sweep 0.140 0.081 0.971 14 0.9
Desiccated matrix Use base material
Desiccant-silica gel 0.130 0.075 0.901 1,14,15 0.9
Desiccant–molecular sieve 0.100 0.058 0.693 14 0.9
Paints N/A N/A N/A - 0.9

Masonry Materials
Concrete – high density 2.00 1.156 13.867 1,15 0.9
Concrete -reinforced 2.50 1.444 17.334 1,15 0.9
Brick, Fired clay – high density 1.47 0.849 10.192 2 0.9
Gypsum plasterboard 0.160 0.092 1.109 2 0.9
1
Numbers listed in this column refer to documents listed in Section 10.2
2
Values are for 6% moisture content, see Appendix D. This value may be applied to products of any moisture
content for the purposes of this document.

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 Table A.2: Thermophysical Properties of Gases (Source 5)
Conductivity Dynamic Viscosity
k = a + Bt+Ct2 μ = a + Bt+Ct2
[W/m•K] [kg/m•s]
Gas Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient
a b c a b c
2
[W/m•K] [W/m•K ] [W/m•K3] [kg/m•s] [kg/m•s•K] [kg/m•s•K2]

Air* 2.873x10-3 7.760x10-5 0 3.723x10-6 4.94x10-8 0

Argon 2.285x10-3 5.149x10-5 0 3.379x10-6 6.451x10-8 0
-4
Krypton 9.443x10 2.826x10-5 0 2.213x10-6 7.777x10-8 0
Xenon 4.538x10-4 1.723x10-5 0 1.069x10-6 7.414x10-8 0
CO2 3.70x10-4 2.954x10-5 0 -1.16x10-6 6x10-8 0
-2
SF6 1.300x10 0 0 7.214x10-7 4.928x10-8 0
-2
Helium 4.524x10 3.6947x10-4 0 5.951x10-6 4.664x10-8 0
-3
Neon 1.567x10 1.089x10-4 0 1.013x10-5 7.045x10-8 0
Octaflouropropane -1.578x10-3 1.806x10-5 10x10-8 -2.04x10-6 5.475x10-8 0
*Note: Nitrogen shall be treated as air

Specific Heat Molecular

Cp = a + Bt + Ct2 Mass
[J/kg•K] -
Gas Coefficient Coefficient Coefficient Mass
2
a [J/kg•K] b [J/kg•K ] c [J/kg•K3] [kg/kmol]

Air* 1002.74 1.2324x10-2 0 28.97

Argon 521.93 0 0 39.948
Krypton 248.09 0 0 83.80
Xenon 158.34 0 0 131.30
CO2 558.85 1.0496 -2.3876x10-4 44.01
SF6 418.60 0 0 146.10
Helium 5197.00 0 0 4.000
Neon 1030.00 0 0 20.180
Octaflouropropane 634.80 -0.387 3.122x10-3 188.019
*Note: Nitrogen shall be treated as air.

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 41

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 APPENDIX B EXTENDED SET OF GENERIC THERMOPHYSICAL
PROPERTY VALUES OF MATERIALS
Table B.1: Thermophysical Properties of Solid Materials
Name1 Conductivity Source2 Emissivity
(k) (ε)
W/m•K Btu/hr•ft•F Btu•in/hr•ft2•ºF -

Elastomers
Vulcanized rubber
See Appendix A
(any density)
Vulcanized rubber, soft
0.100 0.058 0.693 2 0.9
(density ≤ 1100 kg/m3)

Polymers
ABS (any density) See Appendix A
ABS (molded) 0.190 0.110 1.318 20 0.9
Polyethylene/polythene
See Appendix A
(any density)
Polyethylene/polythene LD (low
0.330 0.191 2.288 1,15 0.9
density) (density ≤ 920 kg/m3)
Polyurethane foam (any density) See Appendix A
Polyurethane foam, low density,
0.042 0.024 0.291 2 0.9
open cell (density ≤ 10 kg/m3)

Timbers3
Balsa 0.060 0.035 0.416 4 0.9
Birch, yellow 0.160 0.092 1.109 4 0.9
Redwood, old growth 0.110 0.064 0.763 2 0.9
Redwood, new growth 0.100 0.058 0.693 4 0.9
Cedar, Atlantic white 0.090 0.052 0.624 4 0.9
Cedar, Eastern red 0.120 0.069 0.832 4 0.9
Cedar, Northern white 0.090 0.052 0.624 4 0.9
Cedar, Port-Orford 0.110 0.064 0.763 4 0.9
Cedar, Western red 0.090 0.052 0.624 4 0.9
Cedar, yellow 0.120 0.069 0.832 4 0.9
Cypress, bald 0.120 0.069 0.832 4 0.9
Elm, American 0.140 0.081 0.971 4 0.9
Elm, Rock 0.170 0.098 1.179 4 0.9
Elm, Slippery 0.140 0.081 0.971 4 0.9

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 42

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 Name1 Conductivity Source2 Emissivity
(k) (ε)
W/m•K Btu/hr•ft•F Btu•in/hr•ft2•ºF -

Fir, balsam 0.100 0.058 0.693 4 0.9

Fir, white 0.110 0.064 0.763 4 0.9
Douglas-fir, coast 0.130 0.075 0.901 4 0.9
Douglas-fir, interior north 0.130 0.075 0.901 4 0.9
Douglas-fir, interior west 0.130 0.075 0.901 4 0.9
Hemlock, eastern 0.110 0.064 0.763 4 0.9
Hemlock, western 0.120 0.069 0.832 4 0.9
Larch (western) 0.140 0.081 0.971 4 0.9
Mahogany 0.130 0.075 0.901 2,7 0.9
Maple, black 0.150 0.087 1.040 4 0.9
Maple, red 0.140 0.081 0.971 4 0.9
Maple, silver 0.130 0.075 0.901 4 0.9
Maple, sugar 0.160 0.092 1.109 4 0.9
Oak, black 0.160 0.092 1.109 4 0.9
Oak, bur 0.160 0.092 1.109 4 0.9
Oak, Northern red 0.160 0.092 1.109 4 0.9
Oak, Southern red 0.150 0.087 1.040 4 0.9
Oak, white 0.180 0.104 1.248 4 0.9
Pine, Eastern white 0.100 0.058 0.693 4 0.9
Pine, European
0.120 0.069 0.832 21 0.9
(Scots/Scotch/Baltic)
Pine, jack 0.120 0.069 0.832 4 0.9
Pine, loblolly 0.140 0.081 0.971 4 0.9
Pine, lodgepole 0.110 0.064 0.763 4 0.9
Pine, longleaf 0.150 0.087 1.040 4 0.9
Pine, pitch 0.130 0.075 0.901 4 0.9
Pine, ponderosa 0.110 0.064 0.763 4 0.9
Pine, Radiata 0.120 0.069 0.832 4 0.9
Pine, red 0.120 0.069 0.832 4 0.9
Pine, shortleaf 0.140 0.081 0.971 4 0.9
Pine, slash 0.150 0.087 1.040 4 0.9
Pine, sugar 0.100 0.058 0.693 4 0.9
Pine, Western white 0.110 0.064 0.763 4 0.9
Spruce, black 0.110 0.064 0.763 4 0.9
Spruce, Engelmann 0.100 0.058 0.693 4 0.9
Spruce, red 0.110 0.064 0.763 4 0.9
Spruce, Sitka 0.110 0.064 0.763 4 0.9
Spruce, white 0.100 0.058 0.693 4 0.9
Yellow-poplar 0.120 0.069 0.832 4 0.9

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 43

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 Name1 Conductivity Source2 Emissivity
(k) (ε)
2
W/m•K Btu/hr•ft•F Btu•in/hr•ft •ºF -

Wood based panels

Cement-bonded wood wool
See Appendix A
panels (any density)
Cement-bonded wood wool
0.100 0.058 0.693 1,15 0.9
panels (density ≤ 500kg/m3)
Fiberboard (any density) See Appendix A
Fiberboard (medium density, dry
0.070 0.040 0.485 1,15 0.9
process) (density ≤ 250 kg/m3)
Fiberboard (medium density, dry
process) 0.100 0.058 0.693 1,15 0.9
(250 < density ≤ 400 kg/m3)
Fiberboard (medium density, dry
process) 0.140 0.081 0.971 1,15 0.9
(400 < density ≤ 600 kg/m3)
Fiberboard (medium density, dry
process) 0.180 0.104 1.248 1,15 0.9
(600 < density ≤ 800 kg/m3)
Particleboard (any density) See Appendix A
Particleboard
0.100 0.058 0.693 1,15 0.9
(density ≤ 300 kg/m3)
Particleboard
0.140 0.081 0.971 1,15 0.9
(300 < density ≤ 600 kg/m3)
Particleboard
0.180 0.104 1.248 1,15 0.9
(600 < density ≤ 900 kg/m3)
Plywood (any density) See Appendix A
Plywood (density ≤ 300 kg/m3) 0.090 0.052 0.624 1,15 0.9
Plywood
0.130 0.075 0.901 1,15 0.9
(300 < density ≤ 500 kg/m3)
Plywood
0.170 0.098 1.179 1,15 0.9
(500 < density ≤ 700 kg/m3)
Plywood
0.240 0.139 1.664 1,15 0.9
(700 < density ≤ 1000 kg/m3)

Metals
Aluminum alloy 195 cast (4.5
168 97.07 1164.83 8 0.9
Cu)
Aluminum alloy 2024 T6 (4.5
177 102.27 1227.23 8 0.9
Cu,1.5 Mg, 0.6 Mn)
Aluminum alloy 1100-O 221.90 128.21 1538.54 2,7 0.9

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 44

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 Name1 Conductivity Source2 Emissivity
(k) (ε)
W/m•K Btu/hr•ft•F Btu•in/hr•ft2•ºF -

Aluminum alloy 3003-O 163.28 94.34 1132.13 7 0.9

Aluminum alloy 5056-O 117.23 67.73 812.81 7 0.9
Aluminum alloy (96% Al, 1.8%
104.67 60.48 725.73 9 0.9
Cu, 0.9% Fe, 0.9% Cr, 0.4% Si)
Aluminum bronze (95% Cu, 5%
82.6 47.73 572.71 9 0.9
Al)
Steel, low carbon (0.1% Carbon
59 34.09 409.08 9 0.9
at 0°C)
Steel, low carbon (0.2% Carbon
50 28.89 346.67 9 0.9
at 20°C)
Steel, high carbon (0.6% Carbon
46.5 26.87 322.41 9 0.9
at 20°C)

Insulating Materials
Cellulosic fiber, loose fill
See Appendix A
(any density)
Cellulosic fiber
0.040 0.023 0.277 2 0.9
(density ≤ 56 kg/m3)
Glass fiber, batts (any density) See Appendix A
Glass fiber, batts
0.043 0.025 0.298 2 0.9
(density ≤ 12 kg/m3)
Glass fiber, batts
0.039 0.023 0.027 2 0.9
(12 < density ≤ 14 kg/m3)
Mineral fiber-low density (rock,
0.042 0.024 0.291 2 0.9
slag, glass) (density ≤ 64 kg/m3)
Polystyrene expanded (EPS)
See Appendix A
(any density)
Polystyrene expanded, molded
beads (EPS), Type I, Type XI 0.037 0.021 0.257 2 0.9
(density ≤ 16 kg/m3)
Polystyrene expanded, molded
beads (EPS), Type II, Type VIII 0.035 0.020 0.243 2 0.9
(16 < density ≤ 24 kg/m3)
Polystyrene expanded, molded
beads (EPS), Type XI 0.033 0.019 0.229 2 0.9
(24 < density ≤ 29 kg/m3)
Polyester fiber (any density) See Appendix A
Polyester fiber (density ≤ 25
0.038 0.022 0.263 1,15 0.9
kg/m3)

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 45

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 Name1 Conductivity Source2 Emissivity
(k) (ε)
W/m•K Btu/hr•ft•F Btu•in/hr•ft2•ºF -

Polyester fiber
0.036 0.021 0.250 1,15 0.9
(25 < density ≤ 35 kg/m3)
Polyester fiber
0.035 0.020 0.243 1,15 0.9
(35 < density ≤ 45 kg/m3)
Polyurethane foam, HFC 245fa
0.020 0.012 0.139 18 0.9
blown (density ≤ 31 kg/m3)
Polyurethane foam, HFC 134a
0.023 0.013 0.159 18 0.9
blown
Polyurethane foam,
0.020 0.012 0.139 18 0.9
cyclopentane blown

Masonry Materials
Concrete (any density) See Appendix A
Concrete – medium density
1.15 0.664 7.974 1,15 0.9
(density ≤ 1800 kg/m3)
Brick, Fired clay (any density) See Appendix A
Brick, Fired clay – low density
0.45 0.26 3.12 2 0.9
(density ≤ 1200 kg/m3)
Brick, Fired clay – medium
density 0.74 0.428 5.131 2 0.9
(1200 < density ≤ 1600 kg/m3)
1
Densities, where listed, are nominal values and for reference only. Densities of actual materials are
permitted to vary and do not need to be verified by NFRC certified simulators.
2
Numbers listed in this column refer to documents listed in Section 10.2
3
Values are for 6% moisture content, see Appendix D. This value may be applied to products of any
moisture content for the purposes of this document.

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 46

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
APPENDIX C THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTY VALUES OF PROPRIETARY MATERIALS
Table C.1: Thermophysical Properties of Solid Materials
Expiration
Participant Product Density Conductivity Emissivity
Date
kg/m3 W/m•K Btu/hr•ft•F Btu•in/hr•ft2•ºF
3M™ VHB™ Tape 4972-35 670 0.189 0.109 1.31 - 12/31/2025
VHB™ Structural
3M™ 720 0.181 0.105 1.26 - 12/31/2025
Glazing Tape B23F
VHB™ Structural
3M™ 720 0.192 0.111 1.33 - 12/31/2025
Glazing Tape G23F
VHB™ Architectural
3M™ 720 0.152 0.088 1.05 - 12/31/2025
Panel Tape G16F
3M™ VHB™ Tape GPH-160 710 0.140 0.081 0.968 - 12/31/2025
Allmetal 3 mil Stainless Steel 7110 15.3 8.83 106 - 12/31/2025
Allmetal 4.5 mil Stainless Steel 7380 14.7 8.47 102 - 12/31/2025
Allmetal 6 mil Stainless Steel 7570 14.9 8.64 104 - 12/31/2025
Allmetal 8 mil Stainless Steel 7690 15.5 8.94 107 - 12/31/2025
AmesburyTruth Foam-Tite 103.5 0.039 0.022 0.268 - 12/31/2027
Andersen
CPI Fiberglass Material 1675 0.159 0.092 1.105 - 12/31/2025
Corporation
Andersen
Fibrex EZ+ 21.8 0.202 0.117 1.40 0.9 12/31/2025
Corporation
Andersen Andersen Extruded
35.8 0.026 0.015 0.183 0.9 12/31/2025
Corporation Polystyrene Foam
Andersen Andersen Extruded
30.4 0.026 0.015 0.183 0.9 12/31/2027
Corporation Polystyrene Foam 2
Andersen Polycarbonate
1310 0.229 0.132 1.588 0.9 12/31/2028
Corporation Composite

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 47

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 Expiration
Participant Product Density Conductivity Emissivity
Date
kg/m3 W/m•K Btu/hr•ft•F Btu•in/hr•ft2•ºF
Andersen
Fibrex IC Material 1430 0.190 0.110 1.32 - 7/1/2025
Corporation
Andersen
Composite Subsill 1060 0.292 0.169 2.025 - 12/31/2027
Corporation
Silicone Backed
Andersen Graphite Composite 1300 0.523 0.302 3.63 - 12/31/2027
Corporation (@ 0.200" thick)
Azon Azo-Core 10 157 0.0323 0.0187 0.224 - 12/31/2028
Azon Azo-Core 13 204 0.032 0.018 0.218 0.9 7/1/2026
Azon Azo-Core 17 259 0.036 0.021 0.252 0.9 7/1/2026
Azon Azo-Core 20 335 0.049 0.028 0.337 - 12/31/2028
BASF Polyurethane Elastomer 1139 0.182 0.105 1.264 - 12/31/2026
Ultradur® B4040 G11
BASF 1350 0.219 0.127 1.518 - 12/31/2027
Natural
Ultradur® B4040 G11
BASF 1427 0.253 0.146 1.754 - 12/31/2027
Green
Cardinal
Stainless Steel 7808 14.187 8.197 98.37 - 7/1/2025
Industries
Chelsea Building
Composite PVC 1698 0.292 0.169 2.023 - 7/1/2025
Products
Chelsea Building
PVC Adapter 702 0.092 0.053 0.639 - 7/1/2025
Products
Colonial Metal SST 7688 12.933 7.473 89.673 - 12/31/2025
Colonial Metal Tin Plated Steel 7660 50.2 29.05 348.6 - 12/31/2025
Covestro Baydur PUL-4800 1120 0.205 0.118 1.419 - 7/1/2028
Thermoplastic
CW Ohio 607 0.062 0.036 0.433 - 12/31/2025
Composite
Deceuninck N.A. Rovex 2110 0.517 0.299 3.58 - 7/31/2028
Ensinger Tecafoil LeF Low-E Foil 2193 160 92.4 1109 0.03 7/1/2026

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 48

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 Expiration
Participant Product Density Conductivity Emissivity
Date
kg/m3 W/m•K Btu/hr•ft•F Btu•in/hr•ft2•ºF
Ensinger Insulbar® LI + RE-LI 1030 0.213 0.123 1.48 - 12/31/2027
Ensinger Insulbar® REG + RE 1280 0.280 0.162 1.94 - 12/31/2027
Insulbar® REG + RE
Ensinger 1387 0.378 0.218 2.62 - 7/1/2028
GF40
FreMarq FortMax™ 2400
1300 0.245 0.142 1.70 0.9 7/1/2026
Innovations Polycarbonate
Intercept Ultra Stainless
GED 7473 13.63 7.877 94.52 - 7/1/2025
Steel
WorldSpacer/EcoSpacer
Glasslam 1095 0.191 0.110 1.33 0.9 12/31/2027
PU Desiccant Foam
Guardian
Corrugated SST 7440 13.87 8.025 96.296 0.9 7/1/2025
Industries
H.B. Fuller/
Kodispace 4SG 1267 0.267 0.154 1.85 - 12/31/2028
Kömmerling
H.B. Fuller/
PIB-7-HSNB 1067 0.168 0.097 1.17 - 12/31/2028
Kömmerling
H.B. Fuller/
PIB-8 HSNB Gray 1094 0.167 0.096 1.16 - 12/31/2028
Kömmerling
Handifoam Open Cell
ICP Construction 22 0.034 0.020 0.236 - 12/31/2028
Polyurethane Foam
Fiberglass Pultrusion
Inline Fiberglass 1624 0.227 0.131 1.574 0.9 12/31/2024
Material
JELD-WEN EPS Door Core Material 18.6 0.033 0.019 0.229 - 12/31/2025
JELD-WEN Proprietary
JELD-WEN 1307 0.227 0.131 1.57 - 12/31/2027
Composite
Kalwall Insulation A 4.81 0.077 0.045 0.536 - 12/31/2025
Kalwall Insulation B 4.06 0.093 0.054 0.648 - 12/31/2025
Kalwall Insulation C 12.82 0.047 0.027 0.327 - 12/31/2025
Kalwall Insulation D 38.98 0.032 0.019 0.222 - 12/31/2025
Kalwall Insulation E 8.0 0.04 0.023 0.277 0.9 12/31/2025

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 49

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 Expiration
Participant Product Density Conductivity Emissivity
Date
kg/m3 W/m•K Btu/hr•ft•F Btu•in/hr•ft2•ºF
Thermoplastic Spacer
Kenex 1223 0.248 0.143 1.72 - 12/31/2028
Sealant (TPPS)
Kingspan Light & Translucent Thermal
6.94 0.079 0.046 0.549 0.9 12/31/2025
Air Fenestration Insulation 15
Kingspan Light & Translucent Thermal
4.31 0.098 0.057 0.68 0.9 12/31/2025
Air Fenestration Insulation 24
Kingspan Light &
Ultimate Series FRP 1236 0.143 0.083 0.993 0.9 12/31/2025
Air Fenestration
Kingspan Light & 10 Light Transmitting
9.58 0.07 0.041 0.487 - 12/31/2025
Air Fenestration Insulation
Kingspan Light & IMG 125 Light 6.92
0.037 0.021 0.258 - 12/31/2025
Air Fenestration Transmitting Insulation (at 1.25”)
Profine Threshold -
Kömmerling USA 1353 0.273 0.158 1.89 - 7/1/2028
Plastic Composite
Leading Edge EdgeStar Stainless 7720 13.467 7.781 93.37 - 7/1/2026
Leading Edge ThinStar Steel 7147 51.6 29.8 358 - 12/312026
LuxWall Seal Material 1 3587 0.749 0.433 5.19 - 7/1/2028
LuxWall Seal Material 2 3400 1.137 0.657 7.88 - 7/1/2028
Marvin ULTREX 1573 0.264 0.152 1.83 - 12/31/2027
Marvin HLP MGF 47% 1800 0.348 0.201 2.415 - 12/31/2027
Marvin HDF-FRP-PUR 2055 0.497 0.287 3.45 - 12/31/2027
Marvin HLP GF 44% 1707 0.274 0.158 1.90 0.9 7/1/2025
Elastopor® P15860R
Resin/Elastopor®
Midwest
P1001U Isocyanate 25.63 0.022 0.013 0.154 - 12/31/2027
Manufacturing
Rigid Polyurethane
Foam

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 50

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 Expiration
Participant Product Density Conductivity Emissivity
Date
kg/m3 W/m•K Btu/hr•ft•F Btu•in/hr•ft2•ºF
Elastocool® P18731/
Midwest
P1001U Iso Rigid 19.22 0.017 0.01 0.12 - 12/31/2027
Manufacturing
Urethane Foam
Nan Ya Plastics Neuma Door-Foam PVC 999 0.082 0.048 0.57 - 12/31/2027
Neuma Door-Phenolic
Nan Ya Plastics 740 0.029 0.017 0.201 - 7/1/2026
Foam
Pella Windows
Duracast (Unpainted) 1808 0.166 0.096 1.152 0.9 12/31/2025
and Doors
Cellular PVC by JM
Plastpro 597 0.067 0.039 0.462 - 12/31/2027
Eagle
Plastpro PF Frame by JM Eagle 698 0.084 0.049 0.583 - 12/31/2027
ecoCore Wood Plastic
Ply Gem
Composite 1002 0.356 0.206 2.47 0.9 7/31/2028
Windows
Reinforcement
Quanex Building
Super SpacerPremium 634 0.115 0.066 0.795 - 12/31/2027
Products
Quanex Building Super SpacerPremium
648 0.127 0.073 0.877 - 12/31/2028
Products Plus
Quanex Building Super Spacer Standard
793 0.179 0.103 1.24 - 12/31/2028
Products (EPDM )
Quanex Building Super Spacer TriSeal/T-
686 0.141 0.082 0.980 - 12/31/2028
Products Spacer Premium Plus
Quanex Building Super Spacer T-Spacer
767 0.130 0.075 0.899 - 12/31/2027
Products Premium
Quanex Building
Butyl 761-71X 1210 0.177 0.102 1.23 0.9 12/31/2025
Products
Quanex Building EnergyCore Fusion
134 0.032 0.019 0.225 - 12/31/2025
Products Insulated System
Quanex Building
XTD Composite 493 0.052 0.030 0.362 - 12/31/2025
Products

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 51

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 Expiration
Participant Product Density Conductivity Emissivity
Date
kg/m3 W/m•K Btu/hr•ft•F Btu•in/hr•ft2•ºF
Reynaers Nomatec XPE Foam
34.4 0.036 0.021 0.252 - 12/31/2027
Aluminium NV Insulation
Fire Resistant Inner
SaftiFirst 1160 0.307 0.178 2.13 0.9 7/1/2025
Layer
Polyurethane Foam –
SK pucore USA 34.1 0.016 0.0094 0.113 - 12/31/2026
RST-200 Series
Injected Polyurethane
SK pucore USA 21.5 0.030 0.017 0.207 0.9 7/1/2027
Foam – RST-970 Series
SWISSPACER,
Advance/Ultimate 1229 0.166 0.096 1.15 - 7/1/2028
Saint Gobain
Schuco USA Polypropylene Foam 32.7 0.031 0.018 0.218 - 12/31/2026
Schuco USA Polythermid 1027 0.185 0.107 1.28 - 12/31/2027
Schuco USA Polyutherm 1050 0.193 0.112 1.34 - 12/31/2027
Weyerhaeuser Moisture
Sun Windows 1124 0.311 0.180 2.16 - 7/1/2028
Shield Composite Sill
Low Lambda Thermal
TECHNOFORM 1001 0.198 0.115 1.38 0.9 12/31/2025
Barrier
TGI NA Spacer M
TECHNOFORM 7710 14.0 8.09 97.1 0.2 7/1/2025
Stainless Steel
Technoform SP16
TECHNOFORM Spacer (Precision), 1245 0.153 0.089 1.06 - 7/1/2025
Glass Fiber Filled SAN
EnerEDGE Silicone
Tremco Warm-Edge Spacer, 657 0.118 0.068 0.817 - 12/31/2025
non-white
EnerEDGE-E (EPDM)
Tremco 726 0.145 0.0838 1.01 - 7/1/2026
Warm-Edge Spacer
ExtremEdge Stainless
Viracon 7610 14.3 8.26 99.1 - 12/31/2025
Steel
Viracon ExtremEdge Polymer 77.4 0.180 0.104 1.25 - 12/31/2025

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 52

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
 Expiration
Participant Product Density Conductivity Emissivity
Date
kg/m3 W/m•K Btu/hr•ft•F Btu•in/hr•ft2•ºF
VTS Thermal Plastic
Viracon 1142 0.196 0.113 1.36 - 12/31/2025
Spacer
Vision Coatings Low-e Foam 50 0.0317 0.0183 0.220 0.035 12/312028
Warmframe
Thermal Break Blanket 208 0.019 0.011 0.133 0.9 7/1/2025
Technology
U Core Extrusion Fill
WFI Global 39.5 0.029 0.017 0.202 - 7/1/2025
Foam
U Core Plus Extrusion
WFI Global 40.5 0.029 0.017 0.203 - 7/1/2025
Fill Foam
Zola Windows V1 Foam Insulation 538 0.071 0.041 0.489 - 12/31/2026
Zola Windows V2 Foam Insulation 205 0.039 0.023 0.270 - 12/31/2026

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 53

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.
APPENDIX D MOISTURE CONTENT OF WOOD
The conductivity data of all wood species in Tables A.1 and B.1 was
recalculated at 6% moisture content and then reviewed and approved by an
NFRC working group. The working group used the US Department of
Agriculture’s Wood Handbook (2010, FPL-GTR-190) for the initial table of
results for the thermal conductivities of wood species. The data was
reviewed by the NFRC 101 Task Group and updated, where applicable,
based on the US Department of Agriculture’s Wood Handbook (2021, FPL-
GTR-282).
It was observed in the Wood Handbook that the wood thermal conductivity
data had a variation of as much as ±20%. It was determined that the thermal
conductivity for 6% moisture content, with an error band of ±20%, has a range
the same or greater than the values from 0% to 12%. As a result of this
review by the workgroup, the thermal conductivity for all wood species in
Tables A.1 and B.1 is based on 6% moisture content. The wood species'
thermal conductivities in Tables A.1 and B.1 are permitted to be used for any
moisture content percentage.

NFRC 101-2023[E0A15] Page 54

© 2013, 2023. National Fenestration Rating Council Incorporated (NFRC). All rights reserved.