OSPE

(1)Advice a mother how to give ORS

GATHER Approach

To teach a patient how to prepare ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) in an OSCE-style stepwise
manner, follow these steps. Be clear, systematic, and use layman’s terms when explaining:

Step 1: Introduce Yourself

• Greet the patient.

• Explain your role and why you are teaching this.

Example: “Hello, I’m [Your Name], and I’m here to guide you on how to prepare an Oral
Rehydration Solution, which helps prevent dehydration.”

Step 2: Assess Understanding

• Ask the patient if they are familiar with ORS.

Example: “Have you used ORS before, or is this your first time?”

Step 3: Explain the Importance

• Briefly explain why ORS is necessary.

Example: “ORS helps replace the water, salts, and sugar your body loses during diarrhea or
vomiting.”

Step 4: Gather Materials

• Show and name the materials:

• A clean container (like a glass, bowl, or jug).

• One packet of ORS powder.

• Safe drinking water (preferably boiled and cooled).

• A clean spoon for stirring.

Step 5: Demonstrate Preparation

 1. Clean Hands:

“First, wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water to keep everything clean.”

2. Measure Water:

“Take 1 liter of clean water. Make sure it is safe to drink. If you’re unsure, boil and cool it before
using.”

3. Add ORS Powder:

“Open one ORS packet and pour all the contents into the water.”

4. Mix:

“Stir the solution well until the powder completely dissolves.”

Step 6: Provide Usage Instructions

• Explain how to use ORS:

Example: “Take small sips frequently throughout the day. For children, you can give a few
teaspoons at a time. If any remains after 24 hours, discard it and make a fresh solution.”
Step 7: Check Understanding

• Ask the patient to repeat the steps back to you.

Example: “Can you repeat the steps to me to ensure you feel confident doing it on your own?”

Step 8: Address Questions

• Invite questions and address any concerns.

Example: “Do you have any questions about the preparation or use of ORS?”

Step 9: Reinforce Key Points

• Remind them about the importance of hydration and safe water.

Example: “Always use safe water and follow these steps carefully. This will help prevent
dehydration effectively.”

Step 10: Close the Session

• Thank the patient and reassure them.

Example: “You’re doing a great job! If you need help, don’t hesitate to ask a healthcare
professional.”

This stepwise method ensures clarity and checks for patient understanding in an OSCE setting.

To teach a nursing practitioner how to use a nebulizer in an OSCE stepwise manner, you must
follow a structured and clear approach. Here’s a guide:
 (2)NEBULISER TO NURSE

Step 1: Introduce Yourself

• Greet the practitioner and explain your purpose.

Example: “Hello, I’m [Your Name], and today I’ll guide you step by step on how to correctly use a
nebulizer for patient care.”

Step 2: Gather Necessary Equipment

• Show and name the equipment:

• Nebulizer machine.

• Medication cup.

• Tubing.

• Mouthpiece or mask.

• Prescribed medication or saline solution.

Example: “Here is the nebulizer machine, the tubing, the medication cup, and the
mask/mouthpiece.”

Step 3: Ensure Hygiene and Safety

1. Wash hands or use hand sanitizer before handling the equipment.

2. Check the prescription to confirm the correct medication and dosage.

3. Inspect the equipment to ensure it is clean and functional.

Example: “Wash your hands thoroughly, check the prescription, and ensure all parts of the
nebulizer are clean and intact.”

Step 4: Assemble the Nebulizer

1. Connect one end of the tubing to the nebulizer machine.

2. Open the medication cup and pour in the prescribed medication or saline. Ensure the
dose is accurate.
 3. Close the cup securely and attach the other end of the tubing to the cup.

4. Connect the mouthpiece or mask to the top of the medication cup.

Example: “Now, assemble the nebulizer step by step, ensuring all connections are tight.”

Step 5: Prepare the Patient

1. Explain the procedure to the patient to gain their cooperation.

Example: “We are using a nebulizer to help you breathe in the medication that will open your
airways.”

2. Ensure the patient is seated upright in a comfortable position.

3. Place the mask securely on the patient’s face or give them the mouthpiece to hold
between their lips.

Step 6: Operate the Nebulizer

1. Plug in the nebulizer machine and turn it on.

 2. Ensure a fine mist is coming out of the mask or mouthpiece.

3. Encourage the patient to breathe in deeply and slowly through their mouth.

Example: “Take slow, deep breaths through your mouth to ensure the medication reaches your
lungs.”

Step 7: Monitor the Process

1. Observe the patient for any discomfort, such as coughing or difficulty breathing.

2. Check the nebulizer to ensure it is functioning properly and the medication is being
aerosolized.

Step 8: Finish the Procedure

1. Turn off the machine once the medication is fully nebulized (usually after 5-10 minutes).

2. Remove the mask or mouthpiece from the patient.

3. Offer the patient tissues to wipe their face if needed.

Step 9: Clean the Equipment

1. Disconnect the parts and wash the medication cup, mask, and tubing with warm, soapy
water.

2. Rinse thoroughly and allow them to air dry.

3. Wipe the machine with a clean cloth if needed.

Step 10: Document and Educate

1. Record the procedure, medication, and patient response in the chart.

2. Educate the patient or caregiver on the next steps, such as follow-up nebulizer use at
home if required.

Example: “Make sure to follow these steps carefully if you need to use the nebulizer again. Always
check with your healthcare provider for guidance.”

Step 11: Check Understanding and Questions

• Ask the practitioner to repeat the steps or clarify doubts.

Example: “Can you summarize the steps to me? Do you have any questions or concerns about using
the nebulizer?”

Step 12: Close the Session

• Thank the practitioner for their attention and encourage them to practice.

Example: “Thank you for your time! Practicing these steps will help ensure safe and effective
nebulizer use.”

This systematic approach ensures clarity, accuracy, and confidence in teaching nebulizer use during
an OSCE.
(3)MDI TO PATIENT

To teach a patient how to use a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) in a stepwise manner during an OSCE,
you should use a structured, clear, and patient-friendly approach. Below is a guide:

Step 1: Introduce Yourself and Explain the Purpose

• Greet the patient and introduce yourself.

• Explain why you’re teaching them how to use an MDI.

Example:

“Hello, my name is [Your Name]. I’m here to show you how to properly use your inhaler to help
manage your breathing problems. It’s important to use it correctly to get the full benefit of the
medication.”

Step 2: Assess Understanding and Gather Materials

• Ask if the patient has used an inhaler before.

 • Show the inhaler and spacer (if applicable).

Example:

“Have you ever used an inhaler before? If not, don’t worry, I’ll guide you step by step.”

Step 3: Explain the Steps of Using the Inhaler

Step 1: Shake the Inhaler

• “First, hold the inhaler upright and shake it well for 5-10 seconds. This mixes the
medication properly.”

Step 2: Remove the Cap

• “Take off the cap from the inhaler and check to make sure the mouthpiece is clean.”

Step 3: Attach a Spacer (If Using One)

 • “If you have a spacer, attach it to the inhaler. The spacer helps the medication reach
your lungs more effectively.”

Step 4: Position the Inhaler

• Without a spacer: “Hold the inhaler upright and place the mouthpiece just in front of
your mouth, about 1-2 inches away.”

• With a spacer: “Place the mouthpiece of the spacer into your mouth and seal your lips
around it.”

Step 5: Breathe Out Completely

• “Now breathe out gently and completely to empty your lungs.”

Step 6: Press and Inhale

• “Press down on the inhaler to release the medication while breathing in slowly and
deeply through your mouth.”
Step 7: Hold Your Breath

• “Hold your breath for 10 seconds or as long as you can comfortably. This allows the
medication to settle in your lungs.”

Step 8: Exhale Slowly

• “After holding your breath, breathe out slowly through your nose or mouth.”

Step 4: Repeat if Necessary

• “If you need another dose, wait for about 30 seconds, shake the inhaler again, and
repeat the steps.”

Step 5: Clean and Store the Inhaler

• “After you’re done, rinse your mouth with water, especially if you’re using a steroid
inhaler. This helps prevent side effects like a sore throat.”

• “Replace the cap on the inhaler and store it in a clean, dry place.”
Step 6: Demonstrate the Technique

• Demonstrate the steps yourself using a placebo inhaler or model.

Step 7: Ask the Patient to Demonstrate

• Ask the patient to show you how they would use the inhaler. Correct any mistakes
gently.

Example:

“Can you show me how you would use the inhaler? I’ll guide you if needed.”

Step 8: Check Understanding and Reinforce Key Points

• Ask if they have any questions.

• Emphasize the importance of proper technique and regular use as prescribed.

Example:

“Do you have any questions? Remember, using the inhaler correctly ensures the medication works
effectively.”

Step 9: Close the Session

• Thank the patient and provide encouragement.

• Offer written instructions or resources if needed.

Example:

“Great job! You’re doing really well. If you have any issues, feel free to contact us.”

This stepwise approach ensures the patient understands and feels confident using their MDI
effectively.