DEFENSE -- SCRIPT

INTRODUCTION:
Good Morning/Afternoon to our dear panelists. I am Anna Marie D. Diomampo and with me, we have Mr. James
Magno, Ms. Megan Allen Suan, and Ms. Daisy Espino to present our study entitled "The Correlational Relationship
between Parental Involvement and Academic Performance of HUMSS 11 students of Polytechnic College of Davao
del Sur, Inc."

One of the most significant concerns for parents involves academic performance. It is crucial for parents to ensure
their children attend school and to keep an eye on their academic progress. According to a study by Bartolome and
others in 2017, Parental Involvement refers to the amount of participation a parent has when it comes to schooling of
his/her children.

As gathered also from the study of Tadese in 2022, Academic Performance is the extent to which a student, teacher,
or institution has attained their short or long term educational goals and is measured either by continuous assessment
or cumulative grade point average.

First off, the 1st chapter will be presented by Mr. Magno.

CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The following statement is our background of our study and is mostly composed of our study's overview and the gap
that it has.
Firsty,..
"In regard to the ongoing improvements in the Philippine educational system regarding the assimilation of the K12
program, this study concentrated on the rhetoric around parental involvement and how it impacts the academic
performance of Grade 11 HUMSS students in the local environment."
Second,..
"This grade was also the focus of the study because it is the time when children start showing the transition from
childhood to adolescence."
And Lastly,..
"According to the study of Herren in 2022, there is also the nuance of children defying parental authority over the
standards set for their academic achievement. Mostchildren experience occasional reluctance to go to school, but
those who refuse to attend regularly struggle to attend, and this is usually associated with significant dissatisfaction"

Meaning there are circumstances where students who refuse to abide by the rules or expectations set by their parents
or guardians are results of parental neglect or lack of motivation.

Next we have the...

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Here we have a total of 6 possible areas where this study will be able to help in...

"1. PARENTS. This study makes parents aware of how important it is for them to be involved in how well their kids
do in school."
Not only that but it will give them a new perspective or awareness of the consequences that come from their
absence.

"2. PUPILS/STUDENTS. Given that their parents are the ones that encourage them to achieve academically in
school, this will encourage the students to be more engaged in their students."
As a result of the increased involvement of parents, students will be more likely to participate or be more active in
their studies.

"3. TEACHERS. This will support the teachers' extra efforts to develop partnerships with those who are crucial to
their children's academic success."
So teachers are to collaborate with the student's parents or guardians to further improve and see where they are
lacking when it comes to their schooling.

"4. SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS. This will assist the school administrator in creating programs that will foster
interaction between the home and the school."
Hence, these programs will result in more healthy relationships between parents and their children.

"5. FUTURE RESEARCHERS. They might use this study as an entry point for more study in the future."
And lastly,...

"6. MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS. This will help them see that kids are more susceptible to stress from
their parents and their expectations than they are from rules and regulations at school."
This is the situation for most students these days due to them being motivated by the validation that they might get
from their parents from achieving high marks at school rather than actually learning.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The theory that us researchers have decided on is the "Epstein's Parental Involvement Theory" by Joyce Eipstein.
"According to this theory, interaction between parents and students has an impact on students' motivation, sense of
competence, and belief that they can control their academic success. Eipstein's Parental Involvement Model suggests
that children whose parents are involved in their education will be more likely to develop a strong positive sense of
efficacy for successfully completing their studies. There is more to parental involvement in schools than just
showing up to PTCA & homeroom meetings. By establishing an environment of open communication and
collaboration with the larger community, the learning environment can effectively establish a partnership that
overcomes the gap between the home and the classroom, as well as between the family and the school."

In other words, parental involvement isn't simply just going to meetings when the school requires their parents to
attend. There is much more to just that, it is much more complex and has a wider range of areas where a parent
should fulfill if ever they want their children or students to feel motivated and satisfied. Hence, if parental
involvement is to be investigated, the parent is the key factor and needs to be the main focus.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to outline the key elements and pertinent data that may shed light on how parentaL involvement has
affected kids' academic success in the future. Additionally, this tried to provide answers to the following questions:

1. What is the profile of students in terms of age, gender, and grade level?
2. What are the Academic Performance of HUMSS 11 students?
3. What is the level of Parental Involvement in terms of Eipstein's types of Parental Involvement?
4. What is the relationship between the level of Parental Involvement and Academic Performance?

HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

This study also aims to test the following theories:
1. There is no significant relationship between the parents' involvement and academic performance of the Grade 11
HUMSS students in Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur, Inc. for the school year 2023-2024.
2. There is no significant relationship between the profile of respondents & parental involvement.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

SCOPE:
- The study will determine whether Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur, Inc. students' academic performance with
their parents are indeed influenced by parental involvement.
- This study also tries to learn the truth about the impact that students could experience from having absentee
parents.
- This study will be carried out in Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur, Inc.
- A survey will be conducted during the second week of January of the year 2024 to gather the data needed for this
research.
- Its main goal is to determine how students could improve their academic performance and achievements that they
could attain from having their parents present.
- The responses were chosen from the 11th grade HUMSS students in the 2023-2024 academic year.
- Lastly...In order to execute this survey, a sample of 78 students described above will be used.

Now let's head over to the delimitations, this includes the variables that are not included in this research to help
make it more manageable by narrowing it down to
a more specific process.

DELIMITATION:
- The study will be conducted only to the Grade 11 HUMSS strand of Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur, Inc.
and will not reflect on the whole population of the learning establishment.

MAGNO: Now let us proceed to the second chapter containing the Review of Related Literature which will be
presented by Ms. Espino;
ESPINO: Thank you, Mr. Magno.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter will contain both local and foreign, including papers and publications deemed important to the current
investigation. The following categories are based off of Eipstein's Parental Involvement model that includes studies
on parenting, studies on volunteering, studies on decision-making, studies on collaborating with the community and
studies on communicating.

1. PARENTING. A study has shown that parents need to be involved in the educational process in order for their
child to attain academic success. Students who have more likely to succeed academically and go on to become
useful members of society. Academic achievement is impacted by parental participation as cited from the study of
Cole in 2017.

Hence, why it is important for parents to keep in mind that their actions will reflect on their children's academic
success that they will possibly attain in the future.

2. LEARNING AT HOME. The study cited from Marwiah and others in 2021 highlights the significant role
parents play in fostering children's love for learning in Biduk-Biduk Village, improving their drive, self-discipline,
and excitement for self-learning.
Thus it is evident that children or rather students can be motivated further with their parents' involvement and will
also further enhance and close their bonds together as family.

3. VOLUNTEERING. According to the study of Kwatubana & Makhalemele in 2015, the use of only traditional
measures could tend to be ineffective in such cases where individual parents rely on non-traditional methods. Some
schools do not use sound recruitment strategies that motivated parental involvement in school activities. In the same
study, schools in the Free State decided to use a raffle to select parents to be food handlers. This strategy can work
well in situations where the school wants to eliminate discrimination by choosing individuals based on their status in
the community or favoritism.

It is said that traditional measures of collaboration between the parents and the school are proven to be unsuccessful
as compared to the raffle strategy that they mentioned to be much more effective due to the unbiased rules of the
plan.

4. DECISION-MAKING. Based on the study of Goldberg and others in 2019, a wide range of universal programs
at school have been created to support mental health in educational institutions from kindergarten through high
school. These programs have been shown to be successful in improving social and emotional competence, prosocial
behavior, positive attitudes, and academic accomplishment. They have also been shown to reduce mental health
difficulties like internalizing and externalizing behaviors.

Due to the unavailability of the student's parents, it will more likely affect their mental health, resulting in low self
esteem and self-confidence that it tends to affect their decision making skills also.

5. COLLABORATING WITH COMMUNITY. A study conducted from Alampay & Garcia in 2019 has shown
that Filipino families place a great importance on their kids' academic success. Filipino parents place a high priority
on their children's education, and children in turn view academic achievement as a way to fulfill parental
expectations and fulfill their filial responsibilities. Due to the interdependence of Filipino families, decisions and
actions regarding education have a greater impact on the welfare of the family than the welfare of the individual.

Through collaboration, parents are expected to be more active in their student's academic life, and will further
increase productivity.

6. COMMUNICATING. Lastly, cited from the study of Ocampo in 2015, it has shown that parental programs
enhance students' academic performance. Research has shown that pupils of all ages, from all socioeconomic,
educational, racial, and cultural backgrounds, benefit from parental involvement.

Through these programs, the student's academic performance will escalate and increase productivity and likely to
attain academic success.

ESPINO: Now, let us proceed to the next chapter containing the study's methods, techniques, respondents,
instruments, data gathering procedures, and lastly the data
processing and statistical treatment which will be presented by another researcher, Ms. Suan;
SUAN: Thank you, Ms. Espino.

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH DESIGN
- For this study, a descriptive correlational research design was employed. The purpose of this study is to provide
answers to the questions that are starting to come up regarding the local environment of Grade 11 HUMSS students'
academic achievement and parental participation.

A descriptive correlational research design, according to Stangor in 2019, describes the variables and the
relationships that occur naturally between and among them and are designed to discover relationships among
variables and to allow prediction of future events from present knowledge.

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

- As mentioned before, the participants in this study are the Grade 11 HUMSS students from Polytechnic College of
Davao del Sur, Inc. from the school year 2023-2024.
- The ages of the student participants range from fifteen to eighteen years old.
- We have used the Slovin formula to get the sample of the population (97) which resulted in 78 respondents and
also the stratified to get the division for both sections which is 39 students from each section.

INSTRUMENTS OF THE STUDY

- The Family Involvement Questionnaire was used in this study to measure the level of parental involvement in their
child's education in a quick, easy, and accurate manner.
- The Grade 11 HUMSS students' first grading period for the school year 2023-2024 provided a numeric grade
range, which allowed the participants to provide the data required for the student's academic success.

You can further look into the table or figure shown in our paper for the Survey format that we handed out to each
respondent to get a more clear view of what it looks like.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
-The researchers will use a survey with 15 questions to gather data in order to address the research topics.
Participants will be chosen using simple random sampling. A portion of the population chosen at random constitutes
a simple random sample.

And for further details regarding the contents of the survey can be seen in the appendices or in the fourth chapter.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

- The survey we adapted is the Family involvement Questionnaire consisting of 15 questions to determine one’s
parents’ involvement and in order to determine the respondents needed for this research, we used the Stratified
Simple Random Sampling to avoid biases.

DATA PROCESSING & STATISTICAL TREATMENT

- The following contains the reiteration of the SOP/Statement of the problem and its treatment or solutions to get the
results based on the data gathered before. The following terms are described further in our paper.

PROBLEM NUMBER 1- WHAT IS THE PROFILE OF STUDENTS IN TERMS OF AGE, GENDER, AND
GRADE LEVEL?
This was treated with FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION AND PERCENTAGE based on the data gathered from the
respondents from them answering our survey that we provided.

PROBLEM NUMBER 2- WHAT ARE THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF HUMSS 11 STUDENTS?

This was treated with PERCENTAGE, MEAN, AND STANDARD DEVIATION.

PROBLEM NUMBER 3- WHAT IS THE LEVEL OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN TERMS OF EIPSTEIN'S

TYPES OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT?
This was treated by WEIGHTED MEAN.

PROBLEM NUMER 4- WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF PARENTAL

INVOLVEMENT AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE?
The data gathered is subjected to a CHI SQUARE TEST.

SUAN: Now let us head on to our last presenter or rather researcher who will be presenting the last two chapters
containing the presentation, analysis, and interpretation
of data and summary of findings, conclusions, and its recommendations, Ms. Diomampo;
DIOMAMPO: Thank you, Ms. Suan.

CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION
Now let us talk about the following tables shown in our fourth chapter. The tables that will be shown are organized
under each problem that we found in our study.
First up is the Profile of the students in terms of Age, Gender, and Grade Level. As you can see, the table
on the left shows the age of the respondents. Of the 59 pupils who responded, or 75.64% of the total, the bulk of
them are in the 15–16 age range. The remaining 19, or 24.36%, are between the ages of 17 and 18. The younger
responses outnumber the older ones by 51.28%. This suggests that the majority of the pupils in the Grade 11
HUMSS class are between the ages of 15 and 16.
On the right side shows the gender. 49 students, or 62.82% of the 78 total responses, are female students,
and the remaining 29 students, or 37.18%, are male students. The data indicates that 25.64% more women than men
replied. This indicates that the bulk of the students in the Grade 11 HUMSS class at Polytechnic College of Davao
del Sur, Inc. are female.
And lastly is the grade level of the respondents and only a small number of respondents was lacking for
both sections to be equal with the HUMSS A class being the one with the most respondents.

Now let’s head on to the second problem which is about the Academic Performance of Grade 11 HUMSS
students. The table above shows the legend or scale for which grades the respondents have gotten and below is the
result. The grades with the most respondents is just right below our highest grade range which is 85-89 with 33
respondents and the least is under the Below 75 grade range with 4 respondents showing that the majority of the
HUMSS 11 students had grades that are translated to being Very Satisfactory.

Next is our third problem, the level of Parental Involvement in terms of Eipstein’s types of Parental
Involvement. The first two tables shown will serve as our legends for both the Survey Questionnaire used to get the
desired results and for the weighted mean that we’ll get after gathering the data needed for this study.
The following tables that will be shown are the tallied results of our survey done during our time and
calculated to get our results and as shown, the results showed that parents' encouragement of excellent study habits,
as well as their provision of guidance, discipline, and other forms of assistance, had a positive impact on their kids'
academic achievement. While the remaining mean of 1.32, which falls under the low category, indicates that parents
rarely ignore their children when they receive good grades and are proud of them, the number of parents attending
parent-teacher conferences, parents not having enough time to assist their children with their studies, and parents'
disappointments when receiving bad or low grades are all moderately low. After calculating the average weighted
mean, the level of parental participation can be deemed Moderately High, indicating that the parents were actively
involved in their children's academic lives on a regular basis.

And for our last and fourth problem is the relationship between the level of parental involvement and
academic performance of the students. And as you can see, the data were subjected to a chi-square test and the result
was compared with the critical value.
With a computed chi-square value of 27.11 against the crucial value of 16.92, the relationship between
parental participation and children's academic success was clearly substantial. As a result of this finding, the null
hypothesis was rejected, and a substantial correlation was found between parental participation and their children's
academic success. This implies that the greater the level of parental involvement in their kids' education—such as
monitoring homework, offering assistance with projects, and encouraging the development of positive habits—the
better the kids perform academically in school.

CHAPTER 5
“Now let us proceed to our last chapter about our Summary of findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations.”

So what is included under our Summary of Findings, the information or results from the previous chapter was
reiterated. With problem one to problem four being discussed once again to get a brief overview of the result we
have gotten from the data gathered from the respondents which are from the two sections of HUMSS 11 class.
With the first question showing the majority of the class being female around the ages of 15 to 16 and
mostly belonging to the HUMSS A section.
Next to be about their academic performance based on the grades they have gotten during the first quarter
which most have gotten a Very satisfactory grade range of 85-89.
Number three emphasizing the data belonging to the Very High and Moderately High category based on
our findings for Problem number three.
Fourth one indicating that the results obtained from the actual survey questions showed that the level of
parental involvement can be considered as Moderately High once the average weighted mean is calculated which
suggests that the parents were frequently involved with their children and their academic life or performance at
school.
And lastly with the findings implying that there is a strong correlation found between the two, the parental
involvement and academic performance of HUMSS 11 students in Polytechnic College of Davao del Sur, Inc from
this school year 2023-2024.

The conclusions found in this study are as follows:

1. The respondents were mostly female, belonging to the 15-16 age bracket, and are mostly from the
HUMSS A class.
2. The Grade 11 HUMSS students considered in this study were performing outstandingly in their class.
3. The parents had a moderately high level of involvement in their children’s educational concerns.
4. The very satisfactory grades of the Grade 11 HUMSS students could be attributed to the moderately
high level of involvement of parents in the education of their children at school.
5. This means that the higher the involvement of the parents in their children’s learning such as
checking the assignment of their children, helping their children in doing their project and helping
their children in establishing good habits the higher the academic performance of their children in
school.

Now with the last part of this chapter, the Recommendations.

This includes the suggested ideas based on the results that the researchers have gotten with this study in order
to further expand and also improve the following problems faced.
1. With the students who are at risk, the study can be replicated to determine the level of parental
involvement with this particular group of students and how it connects to their academic
achievement.
“With this study, those students whose studies are impacted with the level of involvement with their
parents can finally be given options to improve said problem with the school now being more aware
of how much it affects one’s studies.”
2. It is suggested that additional research be done to identify the most beneficial and meaningful
activities based on the opinions of the parents, as well as the involvement activities that entice
parents to participate in their children's educational pursuits.
“As mentioned before, the school can now create activities or programs that require the student’s
parents to be more involved and at the same time, improve their relationship with their children.”
3. Regarding volunteering and academic achievement, the school can think about developing projects,
activities, or programs that will encourage parents to volunteer to participate in the aforementioned
activity, project, or program.
4. The descriptive research approach used in this study may not have produced all of the associated
functions, usage, and efficacy of the chosen principles, methods, techniques, and tools. Therefore, it
is advised that comparable studies be carried out using a range of research methodologies, such as
using two groups—the control and experimental group—to discover the shifting opinions on
parental engagement.

DIOMAMPO: That will be all po. May I request for my co-researchers to leave their scripts and come in front with
me for the upcoming questioning.

-----------QUESTIONING-----------
POSSIBLE QUESTIONS FROM MA'AM ROSE:

1. WERE ALL MEMBERS OF THE GROUP PARTICIPATING IN SELECTING THE TOPIC?

- Yes, all members have participated in deciding our topic.

2. DID ALL MEMBERS OF THE GROUP HELP IN MAKING THE RESEARCH?

- Yes, all members have participated in the research presented.
- Ms. Espino helped with the preparation for defense such as coming up with possible questions and better
alternatives for a better presentation and also with the survey. Ms. Suan helped with selecting the topic and editing
and lastly Mr. Magno helped with the searching for possible and best suited respondents for our research.

3. WHY DID YOU SELECT THIS TOPIC?

- Throughout our years of being a student, me and the rest have seen the difference in matters of the choices in
motivation to keep being inspired to do school work, specifically how parents handle their student's schooling and
their expectations that most have found to grow more tedious. Hence, why we are curious as to whether parental
involvement has an actual relationship with a student's academic performance at school.
- As students, we have gone through different challenges throughout our school life and ways of motivation is one of
them. We came across the impact of having parents present in our performance at school, thus we decided to further
learn about it through this study and hopefully be able to know more about it.

POSSIBLE QUESTIONS FROM THE PANEL:

1. WHO WILL BENEFIT FROM YOUR STUDY?

- As mentioned before in our significance of the study presented by Mr. Magno in the first chapter, there are a total
of 6 possible areas or people who will be benefited from this study, including the parents, students, teachers, school
administrators, mental health professionals, and lastly the future researchers.

2. WHAT IS YOUR PURPOSE OF YOUR STUDY?

- There are several purposes that this study has, including building awareness between parents and the school on
how they could further improve their student's academic performance at school either through programs,
volunteering, and such.

3. WHAT IS YOUR RESEARCH DESIGN?

- As observed from before during our presentation, our study is a Quantitative research (TYPE OF RESEARCH)
which deals in numbers, logic, and an objective stance. It is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data
that also generalizes results in wider populations.

Aside from the method used, the research design used is a descriptive correlational research design, and
according to Stangor in 2019, describes the variables and the relationships that occur naturally between and among
them and are designed to discover relationships among variables and to allow prediction of future events from
present knowledge.

4. WHO ARE THE PARTICIPANTS OF YOUR STUDY AND HOW DID YOU IDENTIFY THEM?
- The participants of the study are the Grade 11 HUMSS students of Polytechnic College of Davao del sur, Inc.
which is one of the most populated classes this school year 2023-2024.
A sample of 78 students are picked out using Simple Random which we implemented through a matter of a raffle
strategy out of the 97 students which is the whole population of the HUMSS 11 strand as of currently.

5. WHAT IS YOUR SAMPLING DESIGN?

- Our sampling designed as mentioned before is called the Stratified Simple Random Sampling. It is a type of
probability sampling in which the researcher randomly selects a subset of participants from a population.
From using this kind of sampling design, we remain unbiased and the population will have an equal and fair chance
of being selected.