SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

GENERAL SANTOS DOCTORS’ MEDICAL SCHOOL FOUNDATION, INC.

BULAONG SUBD., BRGY. WEST, GENERAL SANTOS CITY, PHILIPPINES
TELEPHONE NOS. (083) 552-9793 | [email protected]
SHS

MODULE 1:
PARTS and FUNCTION of
reproductive system
 Part of module that check
PRE - ACTIVITY what the reader already know
about the lesson.

Portion where the new lesson

WHAT’S NEXT ? is introduced as a story, song,
problem or situation.

“KEY CONCEPTS TO AQCUIRE”

WHAT WILL I LEARN ? Brief discussion of the new
concept or lesson

This is a test to evaluate your

ASSESSMENT level of mastery in achieving the
knowledge.

Reflect how the knowledge or

REFLECTION skills be applied in real life
situation.
 PRE - ACTIVITY

CROSSWORD PUZZLE
Good day, teenagers! This is a crossword puzzle, to play the game take note of the clues to fill
in the words below. Words can go across or down. Letters are shared when the words
intersect. When all of the words are found, you will know many important terms related to the
parts and function of the male and female reproductive system and the menstrual cycle.

ACROSS DOWN
4. A upside-down pear shaped. 1. A fluid which contains sperm.
5. A male organ with a tip called glans. 2. This is when a woman experiences her
7. The most fertile time in the menstrual cycle. period.
8. It exists primarily for female sexual enjoyment. 3. It typically occurs in females of
10. It is also called the birth canal. reproductive age.
6. It produces egg cells.
9. deferens, It connects the testes to the
seminal vesicle and urethra.
 1

IT'S MODULE TIME

What’s Next?
: THE PARTS AND FUNCTION OF
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Hello dear teenagers!

This module aims to let you know about the parts and functions of the male and female
reproductive system. You are invited to learn basic information about your reproductive
organs and its specific functions so that you can better take care of your reproductive
selves. At this age your reproductive system has reach its full functionality and
development. Acquiring understanding of the parts and function of the reproductive
system will contribute to your intelligence and responsible decision making. Thus,
understanding reproductive system matters. So, let your journey in the parts and function
of reproductive system begin!

THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

OBJECTIVES
The reproductive system is a collection
After reading the module, the
of organs and structures involved in the
learner will be able to:
development of another human being.
Determine the parts and
Awareness and comprehension of this function of female and male
system not only unravel the mysteries of reproductive system.
life but also empower you to make Explain the menstrual cycle.
informed decisions about your health
and future.
Male and female reproductive systems work together in a multifaceted manner to perform
the phenomenal function of reproduction. In males, the system includes the testes, where
sperm is produced, and various supporting structures. Females possess the ovaries, fallopian
tubes, uterus, and vagina, each with its unique role in the production of eggs and the
nurturing of a developing fetus.

Knowledge of the reproductive system extends beyond awareness of how to get

pregnant. It includes several aspects of health, such as general wellbeing, sexual health,
and fertility. Understanding how this system works helps you better understand your body,
recognize possible problems, and get help from a doctor when needed. Understanding the
reproductive system empowers you to take control of your health, make wise decisions, and
promote universal access to comprehensive reproductive healthcare.
 2

What Will I Learn?

A. THE PARTS AND FUNCTION OF

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

The male reproductive system is composed of several organs. It is responsible for producing
sperm cells and sex hormones. A sperm cell is important to fertilize an egg cell. Hormones are
responsible for the development of adult male characteristics. Below is the figure of the male
reproductive system with its significant parts and functions.

External Male Genitalia

Penis
The penis is the external male organ with a
tip called glans. It is covered with foreskin
that may be removed through circumcision
and acts as an outlet for urine and semen to
leave the body.

Scrotum
The scrotum is the loose pouch-like sac of
skin that hangs behind the penis. It contains
the testicles (also called testes), as well as
Figure 1.
External Male Genitalia many nerves and blood vessels. The scrotum
has a protective function and acts as a
Testicles/testes climate control system for the testes.
The testes are oval glands about the size of
5cm long and 2.5cm wide that lie in the
scrotum, secured at either end by a Semen
structure called the spermatic cord. The Semen is a fluid which contains sperm, is
testes are responsible for making expelled (ejaculated) through the end of the
testosterone, the primary male sex penis when the man reaches sexual climax
hormone, and for producing sperm. Within (orgasm). When the penis is erect, the flow
the testes are coiled masses of tubes of urine is blocked from the urethra, allowing
called seminiferous tubules. These tubules only semen to be ejaculated at orgasm.
are responsible for producing the sperm
cells through a process called
spermatogenesis.
 3
Internal Male Genitalia

Epididymis
The epididymis is a narrow-coiled tube that
stores immature sperm cells until they
mature and where they are temporarily
stored before their release.

Vas deferens
The vas deferens is a long, muscular tube
that serves as passageway of the sperm
cells released from the testes. It also
connects the testes to the seminal vesicle
and urethra. Figure 2.
Internal Male Genitalia
Urethra
The urethra is the tube that carries urine
from the bladder to outside of the body. In
Ejaculatory ducts
males, it has the additional function of The ejaculatory ducts are formed by the
expelling (ejaculating) semen when the man fusion of the vas deferens and the seminal
reaches orgasm. When the penis is erect vesicles. The ejaculatory ducts empty into
during sex, the flow of urine is blocked from the urethra.
the urethra, allowing only semen to be
ejaculated at orgasm.

Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicles

The prostate gland is a walnut-sized The seminal vesicles are sac-like pouches
structure that is located below the urinary that attach to the vas deferens near the
bladder in front of the rectum. The prostate base of the bladder. The seminal vesicles
gland contributes additional fluid to the produce a sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that
ejaculate. Prostate fluids also help to provides sperm with a source of energy and
nourish the sperm. The urethra, which carries helps with the sperms’ motility (ability to
the ejaculate to be expelled during orgasm, move). The fluid of the seminal vesicles
runs through the center of the prostate makes up most of the volume of a man’s
gland. ejaculatory fluid, or ejaculate.
 4

What Will I Learn?

B. THE PARTS AND FUNCTION OF

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

The female reproductive system is made up of several organs which include the ovaries,
fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. It is specifically responsible for producing eggs and
supporting a developing baby inside a mother’s womb. The egg cell is only one tenth of a
millimeter, about the size of the diameter of a hair strand and yet it is the cell with the biggest
size in the human body

External Female Genitalia

The labia minora

The labia minora are soft folds of skin that
are rich in sebaceous glands. The
functions of the labia minora are to
lubricant and waterproof the vulvar skin
and to provide bactericidal secretion that
help prevent infections.

Mons Pubis
The mons pubis is formed at the upper
margin of the symphysis pubis and is shaped
like an inverted triangle. It is located over
the two pubic bones of the pelvic. This
structure is composed of fatty tissue lying
Figure 1.
External Female Genitalia beneath the skin and from puberty on, is
covered with varying amount of hair. The
The labia majora mons pubis surrounds delicate tissue and
The labia majora are two folds of fatty protects it from injury.
tissue that form the lateral boundaries of Vulva
the vulva. They are covered with coarse The female external reproductive organs
skin and pubic hair on the outer aspect consist of the mons pubic, which is covered
and are smooth and moist on the inner with pubic hair; two folds of tissue, called
aspect , where the openings of numerous the labia majora and labia minora, which
small glands are found. surround a space called vestibule.
 5
Vaginal Vestibule Perineum
The vaginal vestibule is a boat shaped The perineum is the short stretch of skin
depression enclosed by the labia minora starting at the bottom of the vulva and
and is visible when the labia minora are extending to the anus. It is a diamond
separated. The vestibule contains the
shaped area between the symphysis pubis
vaginal opening ( introitus ) , which is
and the coccyx. This area forms the floor
located between the external and internal
of the pelvis and contains the external sex
genitalia. The vestibule contains the
openings of five structures that drain into it organs and the anal opening.
the ureteral meatus, skene’s ducts, and the
ducts from Bartholin's glands that are Clitoris
located on each side of the vagina. The clitoris is a small, sensitive structure
that, like the penis, is composed of
Hymen erectile tissue, nerves, and blood vessels;
The hymen is a thin, elastic, mucous it is covered at the tip with very sensitive
membrane that partially covers the vagina tissue. It exists primarily for female sexual
in young females. enjoyment.

Internal Female Genitalia

Vagina
The vagina is also called the birth canal. It is
a hollow, muscular tube that leads to the
opening called vulva. It expands to let the
baby pass through during normal delivery.

Purposes of the Vagina

• Receives a males erect penis and semen
during sexual intercourse.
• Pathway through a woman's body for the
baby to take during childbirth.
• Provides the route for the menstrual blood
(menses) from the uterus, to leave the body. Figure 2.
• May hold forms of birth control, such as a Internal Female Genitalia
diaphragm or female condom.

Ovaries Cervix
The ovaries produces egg cells and the sex The cervix is a narrow opening between the
hormones estrogen and progesterone. uterus and vagina which enlarges to let the
Females have two ovaries where matured passage of a fetus during birth.
egg cells are produced during ovulation.
 7

Fallopian Tube Uterus

The oviduct, also known as the fallopian The uterus is also called the womb is shaped
tube lies close to the ovary waiting for the like an upside-down pear where the unborn
egg to enter. It is a tube that leads the egg baby is developed. It has soft, smooth, inner
from the ovary to the uterus. It is also a usual lining called uterine lining or endometrium
place where the egg is fertilized by the
sperm cell.

What Will I Learn?

C. THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Day of C
ycl
e
27 28 1
2
26 3
25 4
ase

24 5
l Ph

MENSTRUATION 6
23 Least Fertile
Lutea

THICKENING OF 7 Follic
22 UTERINE LINING ular Phase
Unlikely to Conceive
8
21 Possible to Conc
eive

9
e

20
ceiv

OVULATION:
Con

19 THE FERTILE WINDOW 10

Best Chance of
e to

Conception
18 11
sibl
Pos

17 12
16 13
15 14

THE FOUR PHASES OF A 28 DAYS MENSTRUAL CYCLE

 8

THE FOUR PHASES OF 28 DAYS MENSTRUAL CYCLE

MENSTRUAL PHASE.
(FROM THE 1ST DAY TO 5TH DAY OF MENSTRUATION).
This is when a woman experiences her period, characterized by the shedding of the
uterine lining. It usually lasts around 3-7 days.

FOLLICULAR PHASE (DAYS 1-13)

This phase starts with the first day of menstruation and lasts until ovulation. The ovaries
produce follicles each carrying an immature egg. One egg will mature setting off a surge
of estrogen and thickening the lining of the uterus.

OVULATORY PHASE (DAY 14)

14 days before the next menstruation; the most fertile time in the menstrual cycle. It
happens when a mature follicle release an egg. After being released, the egg travels
down the fallopian tube, if it is fertilized the egg implants into the lining of the uterus,
leading to pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, the egg is dissolved and passed out
WHAT’S MORE

of the body during menstruation. Engaging in sexual activity during this phase increases
the likelihood of pregnancy.

LUTEAL PHASE (DAYS 15-28)

After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into a structure called the corpus luteum. It
produces progesterone, preparing the uterus for a potential pregnancy. If fertilization
doesn't occur, progesterone levels drop, leading to the start of a new menstrual cycle.

THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

Menstruation is a natural biological process (If fertilization of an egg doesn't occur, the
in which the lining of the uterus sheds, cycle repeats. Menstruation is a crucial
leading to the discharge of blood and tissue aspect of the female reproductive system
through the vagina. This cycle prepares your and is influenced by various hormones like
body for a possible pregnancy. A typical estrogen and progesterone).
cycle lasts between 24 and 38 days. It Your cycles may change in different ways
typically occurs in females of reproductive as you get older. Often, periods are
age, usually once a month. The menstrual heavier when you are younger (in your
cycle involves several phases, including the teens) and usually get lighter in your 20s
menstrual, follicular, ovulatory, and luteal and 30s. This is normal.
phases, regulated by hormonal changes.

WHAT’S MORE
 9

APPLICATION
Pause and Think

Your younger sister has been exposed to false information that a woman can get pregnant within the
whole 28 days of her menstrual cycle because of acquaintances. As an older sister or brother, how can
you address the misinformation she receives about the menstrual cycle?

REFLECTION
Pause and Reflect

Reflect on how your understanding of the male and female reproductive systems as well as the menstrual
cycle influences your decision-making about your own reproductive health.
REFERENCES

Hirsch, I. (2018). Structure of the Male Reproductive System. MSD Manual Consumer Version;
MSD Manuals. https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/men-s-health-issues/biology-of-the-
male-reproductive-system/structure-of-the-male-reproductive-system

Luteal Phase Of The Menstrual Cycle: Symptoms & Length. (2022, April 11). Cleveland Clinic.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24417-luteal-phase

Rosner, J., Sarao, M. S., & Samardzic, T. (2019, July 24). Physiology, Female Reproduction.
Nih.gov; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537132/

Stedeford, H. (2021, January 17). Understanding The Menstrual Cycle. Bloody Good Period.
https://www.bloodygoodperiod.com/post/understanding-the-menstrual-cycle

Thiyagarajan, D. K., Basit, H., & Jeanmonod, R. (2019, April 24). Physiology, menstrual cycle.
National Library of Medicine; StatPearls Publishing.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500020/
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

GENERAL SANTOS DOCTORS’ MEDICAL SCHOOL FOUNDATION, INC.

BULAONG SUBD., BRGY. WEST, GENERAL SANTOS CITY, PHILIPPINES
TELEPHONE NOS. (083) 552-9793 | [email protected]
SHS

MODULE 2
prevention of
unplanned pregnancy
 Part of module that check
PRE - ACTIVITY what the reader already know
about the lesson.

Portion where the new lesson

WHAT’S NEXT ? is introduced as a story, song,
problem or situation.

“KEY CONCEPTS TO AQCUIRE”

WHAT WILL I LEARN ? Brief discussion of the new
concept or lesson

This is a test to evaluate your

ASSESSMENT level of mastery in achieving the
knowledge.

Reflect how the knowledge or

REFLECTION skills be applied in real life
situation.
 PRE - ACTIVITY

UNSCRAMBLE ME!

Good day, teenagers! Life is an exciting journey filled with things that are uncertain and
unknown. You’ll never know what life has in store for you. It is a series of finding answers to
questions. In other words, it is a journey of puzzles. Let us begin our literary journey by
answering this Unscrambled word!

Direction:
The module introduced you to how early pregnancy occur. Below are the pregnancy related
words in jumbled order. Unscramble each of them and write your answer on the boxes after
each item.

1. f r l e t z a i n o i i t

2. g n c a y n p r e

3. g n e r e t a e

4. m r b o e y

5. t r h i b

6. x s l u e a a v i t c i y t

7. m p i l a t i o t n a n

8. n p u l n a d e n p g r e n c y a n

9. o t c n p r v s e a c t i

10. e s s p r e e r u
 1
IT'S MODULE TIME

What’s Next? : BEING INFORMED ABOUT THE PREVENTION

OF UNPLANNED PREGNANCY

Hello dear teenagers!

Today's lesson will focus on a topic that is essential to your health and future: the
prevention of unplanned pregnancies. As we all know that unwanted pregnancy is a major
problem that impacts not just the individual but also society as a whole. It can significantly
affect a person's social, emotional, and physical health. Being informed on how this occur by
explaining the importance of pregnancy, its consequences, and understanding fertility. Your
sexual behavior will be better understood, and you'll learn how adolescent pregnancies may
affect people's lives.
You need to learn about the basics of pregnancy, the risks associated with it, and
methods for preventing it. Learning about these topics can help you make informed
decisions about your sexual health and well-being. It is also important for health
professionals to provide comprehensive education and resources to you to ensure they can
make informed choices.

THE PREVALENCE OF TEENAGE OBJECTIVES

After reading the module, the learner
PREGNANCY
will be able to:
Teenage pregnancy is a major concern Identify the consequences of
for teenagers, parents, and society as a unwanted pregnancy
whole, and has a wide range of negative
consequences, both for the pregnant Explain how pregnancy occur
teen and for society.
Describe how to prevent pregnancy
Rising teenage pregnancy is a national
emergency in the Philippines. The region recorded 10,499 and 11,126 teenage live births in
2018 and 2019, respectively, with an overall annual increase of 6%. The 15-19 age group had
the highest teen birth rate at 99 percent. The total fertility rate in the region was high at 3.4
compared to the national rate of 2.7 percent, with a wanted fertility rate above the
replacement level of 2.1. The cities of General Santos have been approved to avail
technical assistance from The Challenge Initiative (TCI), a "business unusual approach"
aimed at addressing teen pregnancy.
 2

What Will I Learn?

A. TEENAGE PREGNANCY AS THE MOST

IMPORTANT PROBLEM OF TODAY’S SOCIETY

Hey there, fellow teenagers! Today, we're going to delve into a topic that's crucial for all of us
to understand: teenage pregnancy. It's a complex issue that affects individuals, families, and
society as a whole. Let's explore the reasons why teenage pregnancy is considered a
significant concern in today's world.

EXPLAIN THE CAUSES OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY

Early sexual activity is one of the several factors that contribute to the challenging issue of
teenage pregnancy. Teenagers may engage in sexual behavior at a young age for a variety
of reasons.

Here are a few typical causes:

1. Absence of Comprehensive Sex Education: Teenagers who were not able to receive sex
education may not avoid risky behaviors and engage in active sexual practices early or sexual
activities. Teenagers lacking comprehensive sex education can seek reliable information from
trusted adults, such as parents or guardians, can provide valuable guidance and support.
Also, open communication with reputable online sources, such as educational platforms to
empower themselves with accurate knowledge and make informed decisions about sexual
health.
2. Peer Pressure: Teenagers frequently experience peer pressure to participate in sexual
activities. This pressure can cause them to make snap judgments they may not have
completely thought through because they want to fit in or be accepted. By setting clear
personal boundaries, articulating their limitations to friends with confidence, and surrounding
themselves with supportive peers who respect individual decisions, teenagers can avoid
giving in to peer pressure about sexual behaviors.
3. Media Influence: Early sexual interest and experimentation may be influenced by early
exposure to sexual content in the media, including television, movies, and the internet. To
prevent early sexual interest influenced by media exposure, parents and guardians should
actively engage in open communication with their children about sex, provide age-
appropriate sex education, and monitor and restrict access to explicit content. Encouraging
critical thinking about media messages and fostering a healthy understanding of relationships
can help mitigate the impact of media influence on early sexual curiosity.
CALL FOR ACTION:
One of the most important things you, as a teenager, can do to help prevent teenage
pregnancy is to maintain open communication with your parents, teachers, or school guidance
counselor. This is important because these individuals can provide the necessary support and
guidance to help you make smart decisions about your sexual health. It is also important to talk
to these individuals about your feelings of anxiety or depression that may come up during this
time.
 3

What Will I Learn?

B. CONSEQUENCES OF TEEN PREGNANCY

Hello teenagers! You’re probably thinking about college, career, travelling the world, and
maybe even starting a family. But what if your plans took and unexpected turn? What if you got
pregnant? Teenage pregnancy can have a big impact on your life, both now and in the future.
It can affect your health, education, finances and relationship.

WHAT WILL I LEARN

HEALTH CONSEQUENCES
Your body is still developing. Getting
pregnant as a teenager can put you at EDUCATION CONSEQUENCES
risk for health problems, Lack of proper
Teenage mothers are faced with the
nutrition and prenatal care can also
daunting task of balancing
lead to a higher risk of birth defects and
education with the demands of
other health issues for the child.
raising a child. This often results in a
disruption of academic progress and,
in some cases, dropping out of school
SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL
altogether.
CONSEQUENCES
It is essential to address the root
causes of teen pregnancy, such as
lack of access to education and FINANCIAL CONSEQUENCES
sexual health resources, in order to Most of you teenage girls are not
prevent these consequences and financially independent and rely on
support the well-being of young your parents or guardians for
mothers and their children. financial support. When a teenager
becomes pregnant, it puts a strain
on the family's finances as they
have to support an additional
member.

IMPACT ON CHILDREN OF
TEENAGE PARENTS
Children of adolescent parents have particular
difficulties and barriers that may affect
personal growth and well-being in later years.
 4

HOW I UNDERSTAND THINGS

C. UNDERSTANDING FERTILITY

Both men and women can experience

What Will I Learn? fertility issues or infertility. The onset of
menstruation signifies the beginning of
WHAT IS TEENAGE PREGNANCY a girl's menstrual cycle and her physical
Teenage pregnancy is when a woman capability for pregnancy. However, it
under 20 gets pregnant. It usually refers does not imply readiness for
to teens between the ages of 15-19. But motherhood, as a girl's body and
it can include girls as young as 10. It's emotional maturity are still developing.
also called teen pregnancy. Women and It is crucial to convey this message,
girls have the right to make choices particularly in communities where
about when, how many, and how closely menstruation is mistakenly associated
spaced their children will be. with readiness for childbirth.
- - - - HOW PREGNANCY OCCUR - - -

1.Ovulation. During a woman's

menstrual cycle, she ovulates, releasing 4. Implantation. The attachment process,
an egg for fertilization. This occurs
known as implantation, occurs when the
about 2 weeks or 14 days of her last
blastocyst attaches to the endometrium. This
menstrual period.
triggers the formation of the placenta, which
begins to produce and release human
2. Fertilization. It happens when she is
chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) into the
sexually active, the sperm travels
through the fallopian tubes and unites mother's blood.
with the egg, creating a fertilized egg,
also known as an embryo. Embryo 5. Pregnancy Weeks. Pregnancy is officially
development typically occurs within 24 confirmed when a fertilized egg implants in
hours after fertilization. the lining of the uterus. From there, the
pregnancy progresses through three
3. Embryo Development. The fertilized trimesters, each with its own developmental
egg divides rapidly into many cells, milestones. Pregnancy lasts for about 280
forming a blastocyst. The blastocyst days or 40 weeks (full term)
then travels to the uterus, where it
implants on the uterine lining 6. Birth. The process of pregnancy culminates
(endometrium). This happens within 24 with the birth of the baby, typically occurring
hours after the egg and sperm meet. around 40 weeks after conception.
 4
WHY PREVENT UNPLANNED PREGNANCY

Hey there, teens!

Listen up, because this is real talk about something that's happening around you,
something that can have a major impact on your life – teenage pregnancy. It's not the most
fun topic, but it's one we need to get real about. Because the truth is, teenage pregnancy
can put a serious strain on your life, both physically and emotionally.

To prevent teenage pregnancy, it is reduce the risk of sexually

essential to address the root causes transmitted infections.
of the issue. Comprehensive sex Have you ever thought about why
education programs should be teenage pregnancy is such a big
implemented in schools and deal? It's not just about having a
communities to provide young baby early; it's about the whole
people package that comes
with accurate with it. It can put
information about your education on hold,
sexual and make it harder to land a
reproductive health. decent job, and even put your
In addition, access to affordable health at risk. So, let's talk about
and reliable contraception should the best way to avoid all that
be made available to teenagers. prevention. It's about making smart
This can help prevent unintended choices, understanding your body,
pregnancies and and taking control of your future.
 PREVENTIVE MEASURES 5

prevent fertilization of the egg

You should take responsibility for understanding how your

bodies work. By learning about your menstrual cycle, the
hormones that regulate it, and the process of ovulation.
This knowledge can help you to identify when you are most
fertile and therefore when it is most important to take
preventative measures.

abstain from any sexual relation

It is also important for you to be aware of your own
boundaries and to know what you are comfortable with,
as well as its consequences. This means that you should
not feel pressured to engage in any sexual activity that
you are not ready with. You have the power to make your
own choices and you are responsible for your own
actions.

do not be a victim of peer pressure

You are unique and valuable. There’s a chance that you can
engage in dangerous behavior's, such as unprotected sex, which
can result in adolescent pregnancy, if you have low self-esteem
and lack of confidence. Making more informed choices regarding
your sexual activity may be facilitated by teaching teens—especially
you, amazing creature—to feel good about yourselves and to
develop your confidence.

use of contraception

There are some married teenagers that actively engage in sexual

activities, by using contraception this helps to prevent unwanted
pregnancies. this includes condoms, oral contraceptives, and long-
acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). These methods are highly
effective when used properly and can help to ensure that
pregnancy is avoided. You can consult the rural health physician in
you Barangay Health Center. You can access free contraception
with parents consen
 6

be open to person you can

trust/seek guidance
Parents can be an important influence in helping to
prevent teenage pregnancy. Encouraging parents to be
involved in their teen’s life and to talk openly and
honestly about sex can help teens make informed
decisions.

Stay informed
When it comes to making an informed decision about
pregnancy, it is important to do your research. Learn about
the risks and benefits associated with each option, as well
as any legal or financial obligations. Speak to your doctor
or a medical professional to get more information. You
should also consider talking to your family, and friends to
get their input.

sadness, depress, anxiety can be

You are not alone on this journey. Build a strong support

network with friends, family, or professionals you can
turn to for guidance. Knowing you have someone to talk
to can make all the difference.

Setting Goals and Aspirations

Having dreams and goals for the future can be a powerful
motivator. When you're focused on your aspirations, it can help you
stay on track and make choices that align with your vision for the
future. Making informed decisions about pregnancy can help ensure
that you are empowered to make choices that are best for you and
your future.
 7

APPLICATION
Pause and Think

Fiona is curious about how do women get pregnant? Can you help Fiona explain how
pregnancy occur?

REFLECTION
Pause and Reflect

Reflect on your understanding about consequences of early pregnancy, hot pregnancy occurs
and prevention of pregnancy. In what way will this knowledge valuable in making informed
decision.
REFERENCES

Caulanan, E. (2021). SOCCSKSARGEN Journey Towards the Reduction of Teenage

Pregnancy.
https://issuu.com/neda12/docs/2021_rdu_3rd_qtr_2021_interactive/s/14202194

National Nutrion Council. (2021). Negative Impacts of Teenage Pregnancy in the Philippines.
https://nnc.gov.ph/regional-offices/mindanao/region-ix-zamboanga-peninsula/4931-
negative-impacts-of-teenage-pregnancy-in-the-philippines

Taylor, T. (2022). Teenage Pregnancy. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/baby/teen-

pregnancy-medical-risks-and-realities

World Health Organization. (2023). Adolescent Pregnancy.https://www.who.int/news-

room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-pregnancy
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

GENERAL SANTOS DOCTORS’ MEDICAL SCHOOL FOUNDATION, INC.

BULAONG SUBD., BRGY. WEST, GENERAL SANTOS CITY, PHILIPPINES
TELEPHONE NOS. (083) 552-9793 | [email protected]
SHS

MODULE 3
building Healthy
relationships
 Part of module that check
PRE - ACTIVITY what the reader already know
about the lesson.

Portion where the new lesson

WHAT’S NEXT ? is introduced as a story, song,
problem or situation.

“KEY CONCEPTS TO AQCUIRE”

WHAT WILL I LEARN ? Brief discussion of the new
concept or lesson

This is a test to evaluate your

ASSESSMENT level of mastery in achieving the
knowledge.

Reflect how the knowledge or

REFLECTION skills be applied in real life
situation.
 PRE - ACTIVITY

WORD SEARCH
Good day, teenagers! The words in the puzzle may be hidden horizontally, vertically,
diagonally, forward, or backward. Cross discovered words and check them off the list
when you’ve found them. When all of the words are found, you will know many important
terms related to building healthy relationship.

RELATIONSHIP COMMUNICATION

TRUST HEALTHY

RESPECT FAMILY

UNHEALTHY THERAPIST

ABUSIVE VIOLENCE
 1

IT'S MODULE TIME

What’s Next? nurturing love & respect

BEING INFORMED ABOUT HEALTHY RELATIONSHIP

Hello, dear teenagers!

This module is all about healthy relationships. Throughout this module, we will explore the
characteristics of healthy relationships, the signs of unhealthy relationships, and how to
navigate away from unhealthy relationships. By the end of this module, you will have a
better understanding of what makes a relationship healthy and be equipped with the
knowledge to identify and address unhealthy relationship dynamics. Let's embark on this
journey to discover the key elements of healthy and fulfilling relationships.

As a senior high school student, you're at a crucial stage in your life. You're exploring
everything about your world, and you're learning to socialize and make friends. It's important
to understand good relationships, especially as you start to explore romantic relationships. You
want to be in a relationship that is healthy and supportive, and you want to be a good partner.

HEALTHY RELATIONSHIPS
OBJECTIVES
Relationships are an important component of After reading the module, the learner
your daily life. You interact with people on a will be able to:
regular basis, and these interactions form Determine the characteristics of an
healthy relationships
relationships. Relationships have been a part of
Determine what are the signs of
your life since the day you were born. Your
unhealthy relationships
parents or guardians nurtured you and took care
Explain how to prevent/and getaway
of you. As you grow older, your relationships
from unhealthy relationship
become more complex and diverse.

During this period, you develops friendships or

peer relationships which provide you a sense of
belonging. Your peer group can influence your
individual behavior and decision making. This is
also the time you start to explore romantic
relationship. Romantic relationship during this
period in life can be very intensity and level of
seriousness. This is also the time when relationship
of the adolescent with their family undergo
change. Adolescent can seek more independence
as they face their identity.
 2

What Will I Learn?

A. WHAT IS HEALTHY RELATIONSHIP?

Hey there, amazing teenagers! In this module, we will explore some tips on how to build and
maintain healthy relationships. Here are some characteristics of healthy relationships.

L KING AHEAD

CHARACTERISTICS
OF HEALTHY COMMUNICATION AND
RELATIONSHIPS HONESTY
Open and honest communication
allows both partners to express their
RESPECT
thoughts, feelings, and needs. It
It means recognizing that your
partner is a whole person that is involves active listening, empathy,
different from you. It involves and understanding. Avoiding lies and
valuing their opinions, secrets is crucial as they can erode
boundaries, and autonomy. In a trust and create
healthy relationship, both barriers between
partners treat each other with partners.
kindness, empathy, and
TRUST
consideration.
It the foundation of every
relationship. Without it, relationship
will not be solid and will be easily
destroyed. Trust involves having
confidence in your partner and
friend’s honesty, reliability, and
faithfulness.
SHARING
BOUNDARIES
It encompasses sharing core
Setting boundaries helps individuals values, goals, beliefs, and
maintain their sense of self while experiences with your partner. Shared
also respecting the needs and values create a strong bond between
boundaries of their partner. It clear individuals in a relationship as they
communication about personal provide a common foundation to build
boundaries and mutual agreement upon. When partners share similar values,
on what is acceptable behavior they can support and understand each
other better,
within the relationship.
fostering a
deeper connection.
 3

What Will I Learn?

B. UNHEALTHY RELATIONSHIP

Amazing! My dear teenagers, you’ve come An unhealthy relationship refers to a

this far. I know you’ve learned about the connection between two people that
characteristics of a healthy relationship. consistently exhibits patterns or behaviors
Now, for your additional learning, let’s that are detrimental to one or both
discuss the characteristics of unhealthy individuals involved. It's characterized by
relationships. various negative dynamics, lack of respect,
or patterns that cause emotional, mental, or
physical harm.
KNOWLEDGE UNLOCK!
CHARACTERISTIC OF UNHEALTHY RELATIONSHIP

PHYSICAL ABUSE
It refers to the intentional use of force that causes bodily harm, injury,
pain, or impairment to another person. It can take various forms,
including hitting, punching, kicking, slapping, scratching, burning,
shaking, or any other action that inflicts physical harm or discomfort.

EMOTIONAL ABUSE
When a partner makes constant criticisms, controlling behaviour, lack of
trust, emotional manipulation and verbal or emotional abuse.

SEXUAL ABUSE
When a partner does unwanted touching, and force sex with the other.

VERBAL ABUSE
It is a type of emotional abuse. It is when someone uses their words to
assault, dominate, ridicule, manipulate, and/or degrade another person
and negatively impact that person's psychological health. Verbal abuse is a
means of controlling and maintaining power over another person.

THREATS AND INTIMIDATION

It uses the threat of violence or abuse to control a partner. Threatening
children, suicide, or physical violence are all ways to control your behavior.
 4

What Will I Learn?

C. PROMOTING HEALTHY TEENAGE RELATIONSHIP

Good day, my dearest teenagers! Congratulations. You are now at the third part
of the module. This time, we will discuss how to get out of a unhealthy relationship.

HOW TO GET OUT OF A UNHEALTHY RELATIONSHIP

Getting out of an unhealthy relationship can be a challenging and emotional

process, but it is essential for your well-being. Remember, you're not alone in this – we'll
walk together, step by step.

IDENTIFY THE WARNING SIGNS

THINGS TO LEARN!

Recognize the red flags in your relationship, such as lack of trust, disrespect, or
emotional abuse, and acknowledge the need for change. Don’t ignore them.

MAKE A COMMITMENT TO END THE RELATIONSHIP

Be blunt and direct, and put as much distance between you and your partner as
possible. Resist the urge to stay, anticipate a change of heart, and have your things
ready to go. Create a plan of action and hold yourself accountable to follow
through.

SEEK SUPPORT
Reach out to friends, family, adults whom you can trust (teacher and guidance
counselor), or a therapist to help you process your emotions and make informed
decisions about your relationship. Don't be afraid to lean on them – their strength can
help you gather your own.
 5

APPLICATION
Pause and Think

Anna got confused about what is the difference between a healthy and unhealthy
relationship. Can you help Anna understand it further?

REFLECTION
Pause and Reflect

After reading healthy relationship module, how does it impacts your understanding to the
importance of choosing healthy relationship?
REFERENCES

Cherry, K. (2023). How to Know If You Are in a Healthy Relationship. verywellmind.

https://www.verywellmind.com/all-about-healthy-relationship-4774802

Cruise, E., et al. (2022). Parental Attachment and Peer Relationship in Adolescence. National
Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8834420/

Planned Parenthood (2023). What makes a relationship unhealthy.

https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/relationships/healthy-relationships/what-makes-
relationship-unhealthy

Sherri G. (2022). What is verbal abuse. https://www.verywellmind.com/how-to-recognize-

verbal-abuse-bullying-4154087