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Structural Geology and Engineering Insights

The document covers the fundamentals of structural geology, including the study of geological structures like folds, faults, and joints. It outlines the classifications of rocks and folds, types of faults, and the significance of geological maps in engineering projects for assessing seismic risks. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of safety factors in the design of structures in faulted or seismic zones.

Uploaded by

Jay Escoro
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15 views29 pages

Structural Geology and Engineering Insights

The document covers the fundamentals of structural geology, including the study of geological structures like folds, faults, and joints. It outlines the classifications of rocks and folds, types of faults, and the significance of geological maps in engineering projects for assessing seismic risks. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of safety factors in the design of structures in faulted or seismic zones.

Uploaded by

Jay Escoro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ICE BREAKER

MECHANICS OF THE GAME


QUESTION 1
A BRANCH OF GEOLOGY THAT FOCUSES
ON SPECIALIZING THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY
OF THE CHEMISTRY, CRYSTAL
STRUCTURE, AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF MINERALS.
QUESTION 2

WHAT ARE THE THREE CLASSIFICATIONS OF ROCKS?


QUESTION 3

STATE THE 6 ASPECTS OF MINERALOGY


LESSON 9 :
STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
Diego, Rea
Dequina, Hardy Micah
Escoro, julius Jay A.
Gabatan, Glen Zyrie F.
Lesson Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to

1. Identify Geological Structure

2. Define their components and classifications

3. Determine its Engineering Consideration


structural geology
It is the branch of geology that studies
the deformation of Earth’s crust, and the
structures formed as a result, such as
FOLDS, FAULTS, JOINTS, and other rock
formations.

1
OUTCROP
An outcrop is simply defined as an
exposure of a solid rock on the surface of
the earth.

Outcrop dimensions include:


Width
Thickness
Depth

2
FOLDS
Defined as undulations or bends or curvatures
developed in the rocks of the crust as a result of
stresses.

3
CLASSIFICATIONS OF FOLDS
Anticlines - are folds that convex upwards.
Synclines - are folds thatconvex downward.

types OF FOLDS
SYMMETRICAL FOLDS ASSYMETRICAL FOLDS

4
OVERTURNED FOLDS ISOCLINAL FOLDS

RECUMBENT FOLDS BOX FOLDS

5
FAULTS
A fault is a fracture or zone of
fractures between two blocks of
rock. Faults allow the blocks to
move relative to each other. This
movement may occur rapidly, in
the form of an earthquake - or
may occur slowly, in the form of
creep

6
THREE FUNDAMENTALS TYPES
OF FAULTS
1. Normal Faults

7
2. Reverse Faults

3. Strike-Slip Faults

8
JOINTS
Joints are defined as
divisional planes or
fractures along which there
has been no relative
displacement.

9
NATURE OF JOINTS

10
CLASSIFICATIONS OF JOINTS
SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP
Systematic Joints
Nonsystematic Joints
GEOMETRY
Strike Joints
Dip Joints
Oblique Joints
GENISIS OR ORIGIN
Tension Joints
Shear Joints
Compression Joints
11
ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS
Folds in Engineering Projects
Geologic maps are essential for civil engineering as they help assess folds, faults, and
seismic risks, ensuring safe and cost-effective designs for structures like tunnels, dams, and
roads.

Faults and Seismic Safety


Faulted rocks, associated with earthquakes, require an understanding of the area's tectonic
history, seismic zoning, and an assessment of earthquake frequency, magnitude, and
historical effects to determine construction suitability.

Design and Safety Factors


Designs for major projects in faulted or seismic zones must include safety factors, comply
with statutory seismic safety recommendations, and account for unexpected movements
even in areas with low seismic activity.

12
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
ACTIVITY TIME
4 PICS 1 WORD
______
______
_____
_______
CRACK THE CODE!

an
_ ____ __ __ _______
THANK YOU
and
GODBLESS

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