1)
2) The Universe is an enormous, permanently expanding space. It is filled with
Galaxies, Black Holes, Nebulae, Stars, Gases, and many other objects, but it
was not always that way. Within the science of cosmogony, numerous scientific
theories research the origins of the universe. The most well-known and investigated
of them is The Big Bang Theory, which a Belgian scientist, Georges Lemaître, put
forward.
3) The Big Bang Theory describes the early stages of the Universe's evolution, and
it is based on three discoveries of the 20th century. Albert Einstein, in his theory
of relativity, explains the gravity phenomenon. Based on the model of the Universe
according to the theory of Alexander Friedman, the Universe expands over time,
and the expansion rate depends on its density. While studying radio interference,
Penzias and Wilson discovered cosmic microwave background radiation providing
information about the state of the Universe at a time when it was homogeneous.
4) The Big Bang occurred around 14 billion years ago. The Universe was in a state
called singularity before the explosion. Singularity is a space that has infinitesimal
sizes and physical properties such as density and temperature whose values are
directed towards infinity, which became the reason for the instability of the
Universe's structure.
5) Inflation is the first phase of the development of the Universe. It lasted only
fractions of a second, but during this short time, the Universe expanded by many
orders of magnitude and acquired a uniform structure. At that moment, it was filled
with pure energy, evenly filling the entire space. That is the reason for the even
distribution of objects throughout space.
6) Ultimately, the rate of expansion of the universe slowed down, and energy began
to turn into matter. Simultaneously, elementary particles such as quarks and
gluons appeared, and protons and neutrons formed. Opposite particles collided and
annihilated each other, turning into photons.
7) Space began to transmit thermal radiation from photons, or relict radiation,
through itself. Relict radiation from the early universe offers insights into its initial
moments when it was a hot, featureless expanse devoid of planets, stars, or
galaxies. And it still fills the entire space of the Universe. Thus began the Dark
Ages. As the Universe became uniformly filled with protons, helium, boron, and
deuterium in the first few minutes after the Big Bang, in a period often called
nuclear fusion.
8) But those were just nuclei without the electrons spinning around them. It was due
to the extremely high temperature that covered the Universe. It took 400,000 years
for the Universe to cool down enough to let the nuclei gain the electrons. Thus,
Helium and Hydrogen atoms were fully formed.
So, how did just H and He form Galaxies and stars around us?
9)After the Universe was cooled, the Gravity force became able to take effect. A
large amount of Helium and Hydrogen gases combined into gravity-bound puddles
of gas. Thus, around a hundred million years ago, the Universe's first stars were
formed that contained their initial elements. Over the years, the life of the stars
comes to an end, they do not have any choice but to collapse into neutron stars
and explode, turning themselves into nebulae. The explosion of a neutron star
entails releasing chemical elements that were formed both during the fusion of
atoms in the core of the star and from the neutron star explosion under the
influence of extremely high temperature and pressure, forming chemical elements
up to uranium.
10) Roughly 650 million years later after the Big Bang explosion, the first Galaxy
was formed. It was formed by merging huge gas clouds and dust, which was result
of stars explosions under the impact of gravity.
11) The Universe, which comprises all of space, time, matter, and energy, is in a
state of constant expansion that has been ongoing since its inception. As time
progresses, the distance between galaxies, stars, and planets continues to increase,
resulting in a vast and ever-growing cosmos.
