7-0 mís“;

7-1 çLrkouk
7-2 dgkuh dk okpu % gkj dh thr
7-3 dgkuh dk lkj
7-4 dgkuh dh lanHkZ lfgr O;k[;k
7-5 dFkkoLrq
7-6 pfj=&fp=.k
7-7 ifjos“k
7-8 lajpuk&f“kYi
7-8-1 “kSyh
7-8-2 laokn
7-8-3 Hkk’kk
7-9 ewY;kadu
7-9-1 dgkuh dk çfrikn~;
7-9-2 “kh’kZd dh mi;qärk
7-10 lkjka“k
7-11 mi;ksxh iqLrdsa
7-12 cksèk ç“uks@
a vH;klksa ds mÙkj

bl bdkbZ esa vki lqçfl) dgkuhdkj lqn“kZu dh yksdfç; dgkuh ^gkj dh thr* i<sx
a As
bl bdkbZ esa ge çLrqr dgkuh ds okpu ds lkFk&lkFk mlds fofHkUu igyqvksa dk
fo“ys’k.k ,oa ewY;kadu djsaxAs bl bdkbZ dks i<+us ds ckn vki %
 dgkuh esa vk, dfBu “kCnksa] eqgkojksa vkSj yksdksfä;ksa dk vFkZ dj ldsaxs;
 dgkuh dh dFkkoLrq dk lkj vius “kCnksa esa fy[k ldsaxs;
 dgkuh ds egÙoiw.kZ okD;ka“kksa vkSj iafä;ksa dh lanHkZ lfgr O;k[;k dj ldsaxs;
 dgkuh dh dFkkoLrq dk fo“ys’k.k dj ldsx
a s vkSj dFkkoLrq dh fo“ks’krk,¡ fy[k
ldsx
a ;s
 dgkuh ds çeq[k ik=ksa dk pfj=&fp=.k dj ldsax;s
 dgkuh dh ifjos“kxr i`’BHkwfe dh fo“ks’krk,¡ crk ldsax;s 125
  dgkuh ds ewy çfrikn~; dk fo“ys’k.k dj ldsaxs; vkSj
 dgkuh ds “kh’kZd dh mi;qärk fy[k ldsaxAs

fganh dgkuh foèkk dks ftu dgkuhdkjksa us viuh çfrHkk ls iBuh;] yksdfç; vkSj le`)
cuk;k gS] muesa lqn“kZu dk uke fo“ks’k mYys[kuh; jgk gSA lqn“kZu dk okLrfod uke
^cæhukFk Hkê* FkkA ;s ^lqn“kZu* miuke ls dgkuh ys[ku djrs FksA vkidk tUe 1896
bZ- esa fl;kydksV xk¡o esa gqvk FkkA vki cgqeq[kh çfrHkk ds èkuh FksA vkidks x| vkSj
i| nksuksa foèkkvksa esa egkjr gkfly Fkh] lkFk gh lkFk vkius fQYeksa ds fy, iVdFkk vkSj
xkus Hkh fy[ks gSaA vkidk fganh vkSj mnwZ nksuksa Hkk’kkvksa ij leku vfèkdkj FkkA vkidh
eq[; jpuk,¡ gS& a gkj dh thr] lkbZfdy dh lokjh] iRFkjksa dk lkSnkxj vkfnA ^gkj dh
thr* lqn“kZu dh igyh dgkuh gS ftldk çdk“ku 1920 bZ- esa fganh dh vxz.kh
lkfgfR;d if=dk ^ljLorh* esa gqvk FkkA çLrqr dgkuh fganh dh Js’Bre dgkfu;ksa esa
ls ,d ekuh tkrh gSA lqn“kZu dh l`tukRed “kfä dh igpku ds fy, ;g ,d dgkuh
gh dkQh gSA
lqn“kZu çsepan;qxhu dgkuhdkj gSaA çsepan ;qx dh lkjh ço`fÙk;k¡ lqn“kZu dh dgkfu;ksa
esa ikbZ tkrh gaSA bl ;qx dh vkn”kksUZ eq[kh ;FkkFkZoknh] cqjkbZ ij vPNkbZ dh fot;] nq"Vksa
dk g`n; ifjorZu] lq[kkUr] Hkk’kk dh lgtrk] lqyHkrk vkSj ljyrk] “kSyh dh jkspdrk]
vfHkO;fä dh laç"s k.kh;rk vkfn ço`fÙk;k¡ lqn“kZu dh dgkfu;ksa esa ekStwn gSAa lqn“kZu Hkh
lqèkkjoknh –f"Vdks.k ds fgek;rh FksA mUgksua s viuh lHkh dgkfu;ksa esa leL;kvksa dk
vkn“kZoknh lekèkku çfrikfnr fd;k gSA mudh dgkfu;ksa dk ç;kstu fcxM+s dk lqèkkj gh
rks gSA LoPN] lqanj vkSj lq–<+ lekt ,oa jk’Vª dk fuekZ.k djuk lqn“kZu ds ys[ku deZ
dk çèkku y{; jgk gSA lqn“kZu dh ^gkj dh thr* ,d yksdfç; dgkuh gSA bl dgkuh
esa nqHkkZouk ij ln~Hkkouk dh fot; fn[kkdj tudY;k.k dh euksdekuk dh xbZ gSA
;g dgkuh ge vkidks ,d gh bdkbZ esa ns jgs gaAS blds çR;sd i{k dk laf{kIr fo“ys’k.k
Hkh ns jgs gSa vkSj lkFk gh cksèk ç“u vkSj vH;kl Hkh ns jgs gaS rkfd vki dgkuh dks vPNh
rjg ls le> ldsaA

ek¡ dks vius csVs vkSj fdlku dks vius ygygkrs [ksr ns[kdj tks vkuan vkrk gS] ogh
vkuan ckck Hkkjrh dks viuk ?kksMk+ ns[kdj vkrk FkkA Hkxon~ & Hktu ls tks le; cprk]
og ?kksMs+ dks viZ.k gks tkrkA og ?kksMk+ cM+k lqna j Fkk] cM+k cyokuA mlds tksM+ dk ?kksM+k
lkjs bykds esa u FkkA ckck Hkkjrh mls ^^lqYrku^^ dgdj iqdkjrs] vius gkFk ls [kjgjk
djrs] [kqn nkuk f[kykrs vkSj ns[k&ns[kdj çlUu gksrs FksA mUgksua s #i;k] eky] vlckc]
tehu vkfn viuk lc&dqN NksM+ fn;k Fkk] ;gk¡ rd fd mUgsa uxj ds thou ls Hkh ?k`.kk
FkhA vc xk¡o ls ckgj ,d NksVs ls efUnj esa jgrs vkSj Hkxoku dk Hktu djrs FksA ^^eSa
126
lqYrku ds fcuk ugha jg ldwx ¡ k^^ mUgsa ,slh HkzkfUr lh gks xbZ FkhA os mldh pky ij yêw
FksA dgrs] ^^,sls pyrk gS tSls eksj ?kVk dks ns[kdj ukp jgk gksA^^ tc rd laè;k le;
lqYrku ij p<+dj vkB&nl ehy dk pDdj u yxk ysr]s mUgsa pSu u vkrkA
[kM+xflag ml bykds dk çfl) Mkdw FkkA yksx mldk uke lqudj dk¡irs FksA gksr&s gksrs
lqYrku dh dhfrZ mlds dkuksa rd Hkh igqp ¡ hA mldk ân; mls ns[kus ds fy, vèkhj gks
mBkA og ,d fnu nksigj ds le; ckck Hkkjrh ds ikl igq¡pk vkSj ueLdkj djds cSB
x;kA ckck Hkkjrh us iwNk] ^^[kM+xflag] D;k gky gS\^^
[kM+xflag us flj >qdkdj mÙkj fn;k] ^^vkidh n;k gSA ^^
^^dgks] bèkj dSls vk x,\^^
^^lqYrku dh pkg [khap ykbZA ^^
^^fofp= tkuoj gSA ns[kksxs rks çlUu gks tkvksxAs ^^
^^eSaus Hkh cM+h ç“kalk lquh gSA ^^
^^mldh pky rqEgkjk eu eksg ysxh!^^
^^dgrs gSa ns[kus esa Hkh cgqr lqanj gSA ^^
^^D;k dguk! tks mls ,d ckj ns[k ysrk gS] mlds ân; ij mldh Nfo vafdr gks tkrh
gSA^^
^^cgqr fnuksa ls vfHkyk"kk Fkh] vkt mifLFkr gks ldk gw¡A^^
ckck Hkkjrh vkSj [kM+xflag vLrcy esa igq¡pAs ckck us ?kksMk+ fn[kk;k ?keaM ls] [kM+xflag
us ns[kk vk“p;Z lsA mlus lSdM+kas ?kksM+s ns[ks Fks] ijUrq ,slk ck¡dk ?kksMk+ mldh vk¡[kksa ls
dHkh u xqtjk FkkA lkspus yxk] HkkX; dh ckr gSA ,slk ?kksMk+ [kM+xflag ds ikl gksuk
pkfg, FkkA bl lkèkq dks ,slh phtksa ls D;k ykHk\ dqN nsj rd vk“p;Z ls pqipki [kM+k
jgkA blds i“pkr~ mlds ân; esa gypy gksus yxhA ckydksa dh&lh vèkhjrk ls cksyk]
^^ijarq ckckth] bldh pky u ns[kh rks D;k\^^
vius oLrq dh nwljs ds eq[k ls ç“kalk lquus ds fy, mudk ân; vèkhj gks x;kA ?kksM+s
dks [kksydj ckgj x,A ?kksMk+ ok;q&osx ls mM+us yxkA mldh pky dks ns[kdj [kM+xflag
ds ân; ij lk¡i yksV x;kA og Mkdw Fkk vkSj tks oLrq mls ilan vk tk, ml ij og
viuk vfèkdkj le>rk FkkA mlds ikl ckgqcy Fkk vkSj vkneh HkhA tkrs&tkrs mlus
dgk] ^^ckckth] eSa ;g ?kksMk+ vkids ikl u jgus nw¡xkA ^^
tksM+ dk& mlds tSlk] [kjgjk& yksgs dh da?kh ls ?kksM+s ds “kjhj dh èkwy lkQ djuk]
vlckc&lkeku] ?k`.kk& uQjr] HkzkfUr& Hkze] yêw gksuk& eksfgr gksuk] pSu& ekufld
'kkafr] dhfrZ& [;kfr] vèkhj&ijs“kku] pkg& bPNk] fofp=& vuks[kk] vfHkyk"kk&eu dh
dkeuk] vLrcy& rcsyk] ?keaM& vgadkj] ck¡dk& lqna j] ok;q&osx ls mM+uk& cgqr rst
nkSMu+ k] ân; ij lk¡i yksV tkuk& fdlh vlá ckr ds dkj.k larIr gksuk] ckgqcy&
rkdr
127
 fuEufyf[kr ç“uksa ds mÙkj dks"Bd esa nhft,A
1- ckck Hkkjrh ds ikl fuEu esa ls dkSu&lk tkuoj Fkk\
d½ gkFkh
[k½ ?kksM+k
x½ cSy
?k½ xk; ( )
2- bl bykds dk çfl) Mkdw dkSu Fkk\
d½ ckck HkkjrhA
[k½ xCcj flag
x½ [kM+xflag
?k½ lqYrku ( )
3- ckck Hkkjrh [kM+xflag dks ysdj dgk¡ igq¡p x;s\
d½ vLrcy esa
[k½ eafnj esa
x½ ?kj esa
?k½ xk¡o esa ( )

ckck Hkkjrh Mj x,A vc mUgsa jkr dks uhan u vkrhA lkjh jkr vLrcy dh j[kokyh esa
dVus yxhA çfr{k.k [kM+xflag dk Hk; yxk jgrk] ijarq dbZ ekl chr x, vkSj og u
vk;kA ;gk¡ rd fd ckck Hkkjrh dqN vlkoèkku gks x, vkSj bl Hk; dks LoIu ds Hk; dh
ukbZa feF;k le>us yxsA laè;k dk le; FkkA ckck Hkkjrh lqYrku dh ihB ij lokj gksdj
?kweus tk jgs FksA bl le; mudh vk¡[kksa esa ped Fkh] eq[k ij çlUurkA dHkh ?kksMs+ ds
“kjhj dks ns[krs] dHkh mlds jax dks vkSj eu esa Qwys u lekrs FksA lglk ,d vksj ls
vkokt vkbZ] ^^vks ckck] bl daxys dh lqurs tkukA^^
vkokt esa d#.kk FkhA ckck us ?kksM+s dks jksd fy;kA ns[kk] ,d vikfgt o`{k dh Nk;k esa
iM+k djkg jgk gSA cksy]s ^^D;ksa rqEgsa D;k d"V gS\^^
vikfgt us gkFk tksMd+ j dgk] ^^ckck] eSa nqf[k;kjk gwA¡ eq> ij n;k djksA jkekokyk ;gk¡
ls rhu ehy gS] eq>s ogk¡ tkuk gSA ?kksM+s ij p<+k yks] ijekRek Hkyk djsxkA ^^
^^ogk¡ rqEgkjk dkSu gS\^^

128 ^^nqxkZnÙk oS| dk uke vkius lquk gksxkA eSa mudk lkSry
s k HkkbZ gw¡A ^^
ckck Hkkjrh us ?kksMs+ ls mrjdj vikfgt dks ?kksMs+ ij lokj fd;k vkSj Lo;a mldh yxke
idM+dj èkhjs & èkhjs pyus yxsA lglk mUgsa ,d >Vdk&lk yxk vkSj yxke gkFk ls NwV
xbZA muds vk“p;Z dk fBdkuk u jgk] tc mUgksaus ns[kk fd vikfgt ?kksM+s dh ihB ij
rudj cSBk gS vkSj ?kksMs+ dks nkSMk+ , fy, tk jgk gSA muds eq[k ls Hk;] foLe; vkSj fujk“kk
ls feyh gqbZ ph[k fudy xbZA og vikfgt Mkdw [kM+xflag FkkA ckck Hkkjrh dqN nsj rd
pqi jgs vkSj dqN le; i“pkr~ dqN fu“p; djds iwjs cy ls fpYykdj cksy]s ^^tjk Bgj
tkvksA ^^
[kM+xflag us ;g vkokt lqudj ?kksM+k jksd fy;k vkSj mldh xjnu ij I;kj ls gkFk
Qsjrs gq, dgk] ^^ckckth] ;g ?kksMk+ vc u nw¡xkA^^
^^ijarq ,d ckr lqurs tkvksA^^ [kM+xflag Bgj x;kA
ckck Hkkjrh us fudV tkdj mldh vksj ,slh vk¡[kksa ls ns[kk tSls cdjk dlkbZ dh vksj
ns[krk gS vkSj dgk] ^^;g ?kksMk+ rqEgkjk gks pqdk gSA eSa rqels bls okil djus ds fy, u
dgw¡xkA ijarq [kM+xflag] dsoy ,d çkFkZuk djrk gwA¡ bls vLohdkj u djuk] ugha rks esjk
fny VwV tk,xkA^^
^^ckckth] vkKk dhft,A eSa vkidk nkl gw¡] dsoy ?kksMk+ u nw¡xkA^^
^^vc ?kksM+s dk uke u yksA eSa rqels bl fo’k; esa dqN u dgwx
¡ kA esjh çkFkZuk dsoy ;g
gS fd bl ?kVuk dks fdlh ds lkeus çdV u djukA^^
[kM+xflag dk eq¡g vk“p;Z ls [kqyk jg x;kA mldk fopkj Fkk fd mls ?kksMs+ dks ysdj
;gk¡ ls Hkkxuk iM+xs k] ijarq ckck Hkkjrh us Lo;a mls dgk fd bl ?kVuk dks fdlh ds lkeus
çdV u djukA blls D;k ç;kstu fl) gks ldrk gS\ [kM+xflag us cgqr lkspk] cgqr
flj ekjk] ijarq dqN le> u ldkA gkjdj mlus viuh vk¡[ksa ckck Hkkjrh ds eq[k ij xM+k
nha vkSj iwNk] ^^ckckth] blesa vkidks D;k Mj gS\^^
lqudj ckck Hkkjrh us mÙkj fn;k] ^^yksxksa dks ;fn bl ?kVuk dk irk pyk rks os
nhu&nqf[k;ksa ij fo“okl u djsx
a As ^^ ;g dgrs&dgrs mUgksua s lqYrku dh vksj ls bl rjg
eq¡g eksM+ fy;k tSls mudk mlls dHkh dksbZ lacaèk gh ugha jgk gksA
ckck Hkkjrh pys x,A ijarq muds “kCn [kM+xflag ds dkuksa esa mlh çdkj xw¡t jgs FksA
lksprk Fkk] dSls Å¡ps fopkj gS]a dSlk ifo= Hkko gS! mUgsa bl ?kksM+s ls çse Fkk] bls ns[kdj
mudk eq[k Qwy dh ukbZa f[ky tkrk FkkA dgrs Fks] ^^blds fcuk eSa jg u ldw¡xkA
^^bldh j[kokyh esa os dbZ jkr lks, ughaA Hktu&Hkfä u dj j[kokyh djrs jgsA ijarq
vkt muds eq[k ij nq[k dh js[kk rd fn[kkbZ u iM+rh FkhA mUgsa dsoy ;g [k;ky Fkk
fd dgha yksx nhu&nqf[k;ksa ij fo“okl djuk u NksM+ nsaA ,slk euq";] euq"; ugha nsork
gSA

ekl&efguk] vlkoèkku&ykijokg] feF;k&>wBk] vk¡[kksa esa ped&[kq“kh çdV gks

tkuk] Qwys u lekuk& cgqr [kq“k gh tkuk] daxys&nfjæ] d#.kk&nq[k] djkg&nnZ
dh vkokt] d"V&eqlhcr] cy&“kfä] vLohdkj&budkj] fny VwV tkuk&fujk“kk
gkFk yxuk] vkKk&vkns“k] nkl&lsod]
129
 fuEufyf[kr ç“uksa ds mÙkj dks"Bd esa nhft,A
4- vikfgt us gkFk tksMd
+ j ckck Hkkjrh ls D;k dgk\
d½ eq> ij n;k djksA
[k½ esjs ikl vkdj cSB tkvksA
x½ eq>s ikuh nksA
?k½ eq>s [kkuk nksA ( )
5- ckck Hkkjrh ?kksMs+ ds lanHkZ esa [kM+xflag ls D;k dgrs gaS\
d½ ;g ?kksMk+ eq>s ykSVk nsukA
[k½ ;g ?kksM+k rqe pqjk ugha ldrsA
x½ ;g ?kksM+k rqEgkjk gks pqdkA
?k½ ;g ?kksMk+ esjk gSA ( )
6- yksxksa dks ;fn bl ?kVuk dk irk pyk rks----
d½ os bldh ppkZ djsaxAs
[k½ os nhu&nqf[k;ksa ij fo“okl u djsaxsA
x½ os iqfyl esa f“kdk;r djsaxAs
?k½ os rqEgsa ekjus vk;saxAs ( )
7- blds fcuk eSa jg u ldwx
¡ k] ,slk dkSu dgrk Fkk\
d½ lqYrku
[k½ [kM+xflag
x½ vikfgt
?k½ ckck Hkkjrh ( )

jkf= ds vaèkdkj esa [kM+xflag ckck Hkkjrh ds eafnj igq¡pkA pkjksa vksj lUukVk FkkA vkdk“k
esa rkjs fVefVek jgs FksA FkksMh+ nwj ij xk¡oksa ds dqÙks HkkSd
a jgs FksA eafnj ds vanj dksbZ “kCn
lqukbZ u nsrk FkkA [kM+xflag lqYrku dh ckx idM+s gq, FkkA og èkhjs&èkhjs vLrcy ds
QkVd ij igqp ¡ kA QkVd [kqyk iM+k FkkA fdlh le; ogk¡ ckck Hkkjrh Lo;a ykBh ysdj
igjk nsrs Fks] ijarq vkt mUgsa fdlh pksjh] fdlh Mkds dk Hk; u FkkA [kM+xflag us vkxs
c<+dj lqYrku dks mlds LFkku ij ck¡èk fn;k vkSj ckgj fudydj lkoèkkuh ls QkVd can
130
dj fn;kA bl le; mldh vk¡[kksa esa usdh ds vk¡lw FksA jkf= dk rhljk igj chr pqdk
FkkA pkSFkk igj vkjaHk gksrs gh ckck Hkkjrh us viuh dqfV;k ls ckgj fudy BaMs ty ls
Luku fd;kA mlds i“pkRk] bl çdkj tSls dksbZ LoIu esa py jgk gks] muds ik¡o vLrcy
dh vksj c<+As ijarq QkVd ij igqp ¡ dj mudks viuh Hkwy çrhr gqbZA lkFk gh ?kksj fujk“kk
us ik¡o dks eu&eu Hkj dk Hkkjh cuk fn;kA os ogha #d x,A ?kksMs+ us vius Lokeh ds ik¡oksa
dh pki dks igpku fy;k vkSj tksj ls fgufguk;kA vc ckck Hkkjrh vk“p;Z vkSj çlUurk
ls nkSMr+ s gq, vanj ?kqls vkSj vius I;kjs ?kksMs+ ds xys ls fyiVdj bl çdkj jksus yxs ekuks
dksbZ firk cgqr fnu ls fcNM+s gq, iq= ls fey jgk gksA ckj&ckj mldh ihB ij gkFk
Qsjrs] ckj&ckj mlds eq¡g ij Fkifd;k¡ nsrAs fQj os larks"k ls cksy]s ^^vc dksbZ
nhu&nqf[k;ksa ls eq¡g u eksMx s+ kA^^
lUukVk&uhjo “kkafr] ckx&yxke] Mkds&ywV] usdh&lPPkbZ] ik¡oksa dh pki&iSjksa dh
vkokt] fgufguk;k&?kksM+s ds eq[k dk Loj] Fkifd;k¡ nsuk&ihB FkiFkikuk] eq¡g u
eksMu+ k&enn djus ls ihNs u gVuk] iz;kstu&mn~n's ;] eqg¡ eksM+ ysuk&nwljh fn'kk
esa ns[kuk] eq[k Qwy dh ukbZ f[ky tkuk&vR;f/kd izlUurk gksuk

fuEufyf[kr ç“uksa ds mÙkj dks"Bd esa nhft,A

8- [kM+xflag ckck Hkkjrh ds eafnj esa dc igq¡pk\
d½ fnu ngkM+s
[k½ jkf= ds vaèkdkj esa
x½ nksigj dks
?k½ lqcg&losjs ( )
9- ?kksMk+ vius Lokeh ds ik¡oksa dh pki dks lqudj dSls djus yxk\
d½ fxM+fxM+kus yxkA
[k½ xqjxqjkus yxkA
x½ fgufgukus yxkA
?k½ NViVkus yxkA ( )
10- vc dksbZ nhu&nqf[k;ksa ls eq¡g u eksMx
+s k] ,slk ckck Hkkjrh D;ksa dgrs gSa\
d½ D;ksfa d [kM+xflag dk ân; ifjorZu gksrk gSA
[k½ D;ksafd [kM+xflag dk ân; dBksj gksrk gSA
x½ D;ksfa d [kM+xflag Mj tkrk gSA
?k½ D;ksfa d [kM+xflag Hkkx tkrk gSA ( )
131
 ^gkj dh thr* lqn“kZu dh ,d çfl) dgkuh gSA çLrqr dgkuh esa ^ckck Hkkjrh* uked ,d
lTtu gaAS os lkèkq gSa vkSj xk¡o ls nwj eafnj esa jgrs gSAa mUgsa fdlh Hkh ckr dk yksHk ugha
gSA muds ikl ^lqYrku* uked ,d ?kksMs+ ds flok; vU; dksbZ Hkh laifÙk Hkh ugha gSA os
?kksMs+ ls cgqr çse djrs gSAsa ;g ?kksM+k gh muds thou esa mRlkg] meax vkSj vkuan dk
dkj.k cuk gqvk gSA ysfdu cgqr gh tYn muds bl [kq“kgky thou dks ,d nqtZu dh
utj yx tkrh gSA mldk uke ^Mkdw [kM+xflag* gSA Mkdw [kM+xflag dks tks Hkh pht
ilan vk tkrh gS] mls og fdlh Hkh gky esa gkfly djuk pkgrk gSA bl ckj mlus ckck
Hkkjrh ds ikl tks lqna j vkSj cyoku ?kksMk+ gS] mldh dkQh rkjhQ yksxksa ls lquh] rks og
?kksM+s dks ns[kus ds fy, vèkhj gks x;kA ,d fnu og ?kksM+k ns[kus ckck ds ikl vk x;kA
ckck us vU; yksxksa dh rjg mls Hkh viuk ?kksM+k fn[kk;kA ?kksMs+ dks ns[kdj [kM+xflag
cgqr O;fFkr gqvk vkSj mlus ckck dks ?kksM+k pqjkus dh èkedh gh ns MkyhA ckck Hk;Hkhr
gq, vkSj jkr&jkr Hkj tkxdj vius ?kksMs+ dh j[kokyh djus yxsA cgqr fnu chr x,]
ysfdu pksj ugha vk;k] rks ckck dqN csfQØ gks x,A ysfdu ,d fnu ckck èkks[kk [kk x,A
mudk loZfç; ?kksMk+ fnu&ngkM+s pksjh gks x;kA gqvk ;w¡ fd ckck 'kke dks ?kksMs+ dh ihB
ij cSBdj lSj djus ckgj fudy iM+As ?kksMk+ lqYrku fo|qr xfr ls nkSM+ jgk Fkk vkSj ckck
Hkkjrh Qwys ugha lek jgs FksA muds psgjs ij ped] ân; esa vkuan vkSj “kjhj esa tks“k FkkA
,sls esa mUkls fdlh nqcyZ us lgk;rk dh vihy dhA ml vikfgt dks rhu ehy nwj iM+kl s h
xk¡o esa tkuk FkkA ckck Hkkjrh us vius lkèkq èkeZ dk ikyu djrs gq, ml vikfgt dks ?kksMs+
ij fcBk;k vkSj [kqn uhps mrjsA ysfdu ;gh ckck ls cgqr cM+h Hkwy gks xbZ] pw¡fd ml
vkifgt ds :i esa dksbZ vkSj ugha] cfYd Lo;a Mkdw [kM+xflag cgq#fi;k cu dj vk;k
FkkA ckck ds gkFk ls mlus ?kksM+s dks Nhu fy;k Fkk] bl ckr dks ckck Hkkjrh vPNh rjg
le> x, FksA mUgksua s mls dsoy bruk dgk fd rqe bl ckr dks fdlh ls er dgukA
[kM+xflag ckck dh bl ckr dk vFkZ le> ugha ik jgk Fkk] rks ckck Hkkjrh us bldk
Li’Vhdj.k nsrs gq, dgk fd yksxksa dks ;fn bl ?kVuk dk irk pyk rks dksbZ xjhc dh
lgk;rk ugha djsxkA nksuksa viuh fn“kkvksa esa pys x,] ysfdu [kM+xflag ds fny vkSj
fnekx esa ckck Hkkjrh ds os “kCn ?kweus yxsA mlus ckck dk ?kksM+k ykSVus dk fu.kZ; fd;k
vkSj ,d jkr pqids ls vLrcy esa ?kksMk+ ck¡èkdj pyk x;kA ckck Hkkjrh dks viuk ?kksMk+
ikdj vR;fèkd vkuan gqvk vkSj mUgksua s lkèkqokn fn;k fd vc dksbZ Hkh vkneh nhu&nqcy Z
dh enn ls ugha eqdjsxkA

bl dgkuh ds ,d egÙoiw.kZ va“k dh O;k[;k ge dj jgs gSAa bldks vkèkkj cukdj vki
Lo;a dgkuh ds vU; va“kksa dh O;k[;k dj ldrs gaSA

Þek¡ dks vius csVs vkSj fdlku dks vius ygygkrs [ksr ns[kdj tks vkuan vkrk gS] ogh
vkuan ckck Hkkjrh dks viuk ?kksMk+ ns[kdj vkrk FkkA Hkxon~&Hktu ls tks le; cprk]
132 og ?kksMs+ dks viZ.k gks tkrkA og ?kksMk+ cM+k lqna j Fkk] cM+k cyokuA mlds tksM+ dk ?kksM+k
lkjs bykds esa u FkkA ckck Hkkjrh mls ^^lqYrku^^ dg dj iqdkjrs] vius gkFk ls [kjgjk
djrs] [kqn nkuk f[kykrs vkSj ns[k&ns[kdj çlUu gksrs FksA mUgksua s #i;k] eky] vlckc]
tehu vkfn viuk lc&dqN NksM+ fn;k Fkk] ;gk¡ rd fd mUgsa uxj ds thou ls Hkh ?k`.kk
FkhAß

çLrqr okD;ka“k fganh ds lqifjfpr dgkuhdkj lqn“kZu dh yksdfç; dgkuh ^gkj dh thr*
ls fy;k x;k gSA bl dgkuh esa ckck Hkkjrh ds thou esa vk;s lq[k&nq%[k dk lqna j
“kCnkadu gqvk gSA dgkuh ds vkjaHk esa gh ikBd dk mi;qZä okD;ksa ls lk{kkRdkj gksrk gSA

çLrqr dgkuh ds bu vkjafHkd okD;ksa dks i<+us ls le> ldrs gaS fd ckck Hkkjrh uke ds
,d lkèkq FksA muds ikl cgqr gh lqUnj ?kksMk+ FkkA ckck mls ^lqYrku* dgdj iqdkjrs FksA
ckck dks mlls vR;fèkd yxko FkkA ckck mls ns[kdj cgqr gh çlUu gksrs Fks] tSls dksbZ
ek¡ vius csVs dks ns[kdj gksrh gSA ftl rjg fdlku dks vius [ksr ns[kdj [kq“kh gksrh
gS] lkgwdkj dks vius nsunkj dks ns[kdj [kq“kh gksrh gS] mlh rjg dh [kq“kh ckck Hkkjrh
dks vius ?kksMs+ lqYrku dks ns[kdj gksrh FkhA tkfgj gS fd ckck Hkkjrh dh [kq“kh dk dkj.k
mudk ?kksM+k gh Fkk] nwljk dksbZ ughaA blhfy, ckck viuk vfèkdre le; ?kksMs+ dh
ns[kHkky djus esa [kpZ dj nsrs FksA Hkxoku dh vkjkèkuk djus ds ckn os viuk lEiw.kZ le;
?kksMs+ dks lefiZr dj nsrs FksA og vius gkFk ls ?kksMs+ dks da?kh djrs] pkjk f[kykrs vkSj ikuh
fiykrs FksA os ?kksM+s ds I;kj esa bl dnj [kks x, Fks fd mUgsa vius uxjh; thou dh Hkh
fpark ugha jghA os uxj dks NksMd + j taxy ds eafnj esa jgus yxs vkSj ?kksMs+ dk è;ku j[kus
yxsA muds ikl dksbZ èku&lEifÙk ;k lkeku ugha FkkA lqYrku gh muds thou dh dekbZ
Fkk vkSj blh dekbZ ls os [kq“k FksA os ?kksMs+ ls fcNM+us dh dYiuk ls Mj tkrs FksA mUgsa
,slk yxus yxk Fkk fd og lqYrku ds fcuk ,d iy Hkh ugha jg ldsx a As muds fy, ?kksMk+
gh lc dqN FkkA mudh [kq“kh dh otg FkkA bl rjg ckck Hkkjrh vkSj lqYrku dk vfHkUu
fj“rk cu x;k Fkk vkSj mu nksuksa dks ,d&nwljs ls vyx djuk vlaHko FkkA

1- çse dh mnkjrk] egkurk] leiZ.k ls lk{kkRdkj gksrk gS vkSj ckck Hkkjrh ds fo“kky
ân; ds n“kZu gksrs gaSA os lqYrku uked i“kq dks Hkh euq"; dh rjg çse djrs gSAa ;gk¡
vtc çse dh xtc dgkuh gS ftlls ekuoh;rk dk lan“s k feyrk gSA
2- Hkk’kk dh ljyrk] lgtrk vkSj vyadkfjrk çlax dks çHkkoh cukrh gSA

vkius Åij ds m)j.k dh lanHkZ lfgr O;k[;k è;ku ls i<+h gksxhA vc vki uhps nh xbZ
iafä;ksa dh lanHkZ lfgr O;k[;k dhft,A vkidh lgk;rk ds fy, geus ladrs Hkh fn, gSa
vkSj vfèkd Li’Vrk ds fy, dgkuh dks nqckjk if<+,A
1- Þvc ?kksMs+ dk uke u yksA eSa rqels bl fo’k; esa dqN u dgw¡xkA esjh çkFkZuk dsoy
;g gS fd bl ?kVuk dks fdlh ds lkeus çdV u djukAß 133
 % ¼dgkuhdkj vkSj dgkuh ds uke dk mYys[k½
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?kksM+s ds pksjh gksus dh ?kVuk
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ckck Hkkjrh vkSj Mkdw [kM+xflag dk laokn
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ckck Hkkjrh dks [kM+xflag n~okjk vikfgt cudj Bxuk

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ckckth dk lfou; fuosnu
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[kqn dh gkfu dh fpark ugha] fdUrq lkekftd gkfu dh fpark
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1- dF; dh fo“ks’krk% jkspdrk] jgL;e;rk

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2- Hkk’kk dh fo“ks’krk] laç"s k.kh;rk
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3- Þ?kksMs+ us vius Lokeh ds ik¡oksa dh pki dks igpku fy;k vkSj tksj ls fgufguk;kA vc
ckck Hkkjrh vk“p;Z vkSj çlUurk ls nkSMr+ s gq, vanj ?kqls vkSj vius I;kjs ?kksMs+ ds xys
ls fyiVdj bl çdkj jksus yxs ekuks dksbZ firk cgqr fnu ls fcNM+s gq, iq= ls fey
jgk gksA ckj&ckj mldh ihB ij gkFk Qsjrs] ckj&ckj mlds eq¡g ij Fkifd;k¡ nsrAs
fQj os larks"k ls cksy]s ^^vc dksbZ nhu&nqf[k;ksa ls eq¡g u eksMx
+s kA^^

ys[kd o dgkuh dk uke ¼iwokZuqlkj½

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134 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
?kksM+s ls vR;fèkd Lusg
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fojg ds ckn feyu
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tu dY;k.kdkjh eaxydkeuk,¡
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dgkuh dks i<+dj fyf[k,

^gkj dh thr* ,d ?kVuk çèkku dgkuh gSA blesa eq[; ?kVuk gS&,d ?kksM+s dk pksjh gks
tkukA çLrqr dgkuh dh dFkkoLrq blçdkj gS&ckck Hkkjrh uked ,d lkèkq FksA muds
ikl cgqr gh lqUnj] vkd"kZd vkSj cyoku ?kksM+k FkkA mlds tSlk cka¡dk ?kksM+k bl iwjs
bykds esa ugha FkkA ckck Hkkjrh dks ml ?kksM+s ls vR;fèkd Lusg FkkA os mls ^lqYrku*
dgdj iqdkjrs FksA ckck Hkkjrh lqYrku dh ns[kHkky viuh larku dh rjg djrs FksA
og mls vius gkFkksa ls da?kh djrs] ?kkl f[kykrs vkSj mls ns[kdj cgqr gh vkuafnr gksrs
FksA lqYrku dks ns[kdj mUgsa ,slh çlUurk gksrh Fkh] tSlh ek¡ dks vius csVs dks ns[kdj]
fdlku dks vius ygygkrs [ksr dks vkSj lkgwdkj dks vius nsunkj dks ns[kdj gksrh
gSA mUgksua s lqYrku ds fy, viuk uxjh; thou R;kx fn;k Fkk vkSj taxy ds ,d eafnj
esa tkdj jgus yxs FksA HkxorHkfä ds ckn tks Hkh le; cprk Fkk] og ?kksM+s dks lefiZr
dj nsrs FksA mudk ?kksM+s ls vfHkUu fj“rk tqM+ x;k FkkA mUgsa ,slk yxus yxk Fkk fd
os lqYrku ds fcuk ,d iy Hkh ugha jg ldrsA muds vkSj ?kksM+s ds fj“rs dks ns[kdj
xk¡o ds yksxksa dks vk“p;Z gksrk FkkA bl rjg ckck Hkkjrh ds lqYrku ds lkFk
vPNs&[kkls fnu chr jgs FksA
[kM+xflag ml bykds dk dq[;kr Mkdw FkkA ,d fnu mlds dkuksa esa [kcj igq¡p xbZ fd
mlh ds bykds esa ,d ckck jgrs gaS vkSj muds ikl cgqr lqanj ?kksMk+ gSA mlls jgk u
x;k vkSj ,d fnu vpkud og ckck Hkkjrh ds lkeus vkdj [kM+k gqvkA ckck Hkkjrh us
mldk gkypky iwNdj vkus dk dkj.k tkuuk pkgk] rks mlus ?kksMs+ dks ns[kus dh bPNk
çdV dhA ckck Hkkjrh mls vius lkFk vLrcy esa ys x, vkSj mls ?kksMk+ fn[kk;kA lpeqp
?kksMk+ cgqr gh lqna j FkkA [kM+xflag mls ns[krk gh jg x;kA og lkspus yxk fd ,slk ?kksMk+
135
 rks Mkdqvksa ds ikl gksuk pkfg,] u fd lkèkqvksa ds iklA lkèkqvksa dks blls D;k ykHk\
mldk è;ku rksM+rs gq, ckck us dgk fd [kM+xflag rqEgsa esjk ?kksM+k dSlk yxk\ bl ij
mlus dgk fd ckck ?kksMk+ rks yktokc gS] fdUrq eSa bldh pky Hkh ns[kuk pkgrk gw¡A ckck
mlds dgus ij ?kksMs+ ij Lkokj gks x, vkSj mldh yxke [khapus yxsA yxke [khaprs gh
?kksMk+ ok;q osx ls nkSMu+ s yxkA bls ns[kdj [kM+xflag cgqr gh vkgr gqvk vkSj mlus tkrs
gq, èkedh nh fd ckck ;g ?kksM+k vkids ikl T;knk fnu rd ugha jgsxkA
ckck Hkkjrh Mkdw [kM+xflag dh èkedh ls Mj x, vkSj pkSchlksa ?kaVs ?kksMs+ dh j[kokyh djus
yxsA og jkr Hkj QkVd ds ikl ykBh ysdj igjk nsus yxs] fdUrq ,d&nks eghus chr
x,] [kM+xflag ugha vk;kA èkhjs&èkjs ckck dk Hk; de gksus yxk vkSj vc os ?kksMs+ dh
j[kokyh ds çfr ykijokg gks x,A ,sls esa ,d fnu 'kke dks ckck Hkkjrh ?kksMs+ dh ihB ij
cSBdj lSj&lQkVk djus fudy x,A os cM+s gh çlUu FksA brus esa muds dkuksa esa ,d
vkokt iM+hA mUgksaus ihNs eqM+dj ns[kk rks ,d vikfgt isM+ ds uhps cSBdj djkg jgk
FkkA ckck us mlds nq%[k dk dkj.k iwNk] rks mlus crk;k fd mls jkekokyk xk¡o tkuk gS
tks fd ;gk¡ ls rhu fey nwj gSA ckck us mlls iwNk fd ogk¡ fdlds ;gk¡ tkvksx\s rks
mlus dgk fd nqxkZnÙk oS| esjs lkSry s s HkkbZ gaS] mUgha ds ikl tkÅ¡xkA ckck Hkkjrh us
mldh ckr eku yh vkSj mls ?kksMs+ ij cSBk;k ,oa [kqn ?kksMs+ dh yxke idM+dj iSny pyus
yxsA dqN nwj pyrs gh lglk mUgsa >Vdk&lk yxkA igys rks mUgsa dqN Hkh le> esa ugha
vk;k] ysfdu FkksMh+ gh nsj esa mUgksaus ns[kk fd ?kksMs+ ij cSBk vikfgt vkneh vc rudj
cSB x;k FkkA mUgksua s rqjra le> fy;k fd ;g vikfgt u gksdj dksbZ pksj FkkA og pksj
dksbZ vkSj ugha] cfYd Lo;a [kM+xflag gh FkkA mUgksua s mls tksj ls vkokt nh] rks og #d
x;kA mlus ckck ls dgk fd dqN Hkh dgks] fdUrq ;g ?kksMk+ ugha nwx ¡ kA ckck Hkkjrh us mls
dgk fd ;g ?kksMk+ vc rqEgkjk gks pqdk] ysfdu rqels ,d fuosnu gS fd ;g ckr fdlh
ls Hkh u dgukA Mkdw dh cSy cqf) esa ckck fd bl ckr dk vFkZ gh le> esa ugha vk;kA
og lkspus yxk fd ?kksMk+ rks eSua s pksjh fd;k gS] fdUrq bldk ckck dks Mj D;ksa yxus yxk
gS\ mlus cgqr fopkj fd;k] ysfdu le> ugha ik;kA blhfy, mlus ckck Hkkjrh ls iwNk
fd vkidks fdl ckr dk Hk; gSA blij ckck us dgk fd ;fn ;g ckr yksxksa dks irk py
xbZ rks dksbZ Hkh fdlh xjhc&nqcZy dh enn ugha djsxkA ;g dgdj ckck Hkkjrh ihNs eqM+
x,A mUgksaus lqYrku ls ,slk eq¡g eksM+ fy;k] tSls mudk mlds lkFk dksbZ fj“rk gh ugha
gksA [kM+xflag Hkh ogk¡ ls pyk x;k] vfirq mlds eu dks ckck dh ckr cgqr çHkkfor dj
xbZA og lkspus yxk fd ;s fdruk egkRek iq#’k gSA blus futh gkfu dks lekt dh gkfu
ij U;ksNkoj dj fn;kA
dgkuh ds mÙkjkèkZ esa ckck Hkkjrh ,d fnu lqcg Luku djds ckgj fudyrs gSa vkSj
vuk;kl gh vLrcy dh rjQ py nsrs gSa] ysfdu mUgsa ;kn vkrk gS fd ;gk¡ ij ?kksM+k
ugha gSA og mnkl gksdj eqM+us yxrs gS] rks mUgsa QkVd can fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA og lksprs
gSa fd tc ls lqYrku x;k gS] rc ls QkVd rks [kqyk gh FkkA ysfdu vkt ;g can dSls
gqvk\ os rqjra Hkhrj tkrs gS vkSj ns[krs gS fd ogk¡ lqYrku c¡èkk gqvk gSA mUgsa cgqr gh [kq“kh
gksrh gSA os lqYrku dks vius xys yxkrs gaS vkSj dgrs gaS fd vc xjhc dh lgk;rk djus
ls dksbZ eq¡g ugha eksMx
+s kA nksuksa dk feyu gksrk gS vkSj nksuksa ds vkuan ds vk¡lqvksa ls ogk¡
dh feêh xhyh gks tkrh gSA
136
11- ckck Hkkjrh ds ikl dSlk ?kksMk+ Fkk\
d½ lqna j] vkd"kZd vkSj cyoku
[k½ vlqna j] vukd"kZd vkSj detksj
x½ vkylh] dkepksj vkSj fudEek
?k½ NksVk] nqcy
Z vkSj ykpkj ( )

12- nqxkZnÙk oS| fdlds lkSry

s s HkkbZ Fks\
d½ ckck Hkkjrh ds
[k½ lqYrku ds
x½ vikfgt ds
?k½ buesa ls fdlh ds Hkh ugha ( )

13- ?kksMk+ pqjkus ij Mkdw [kM+xflag ckckth ls D;k dgrk gS\

d½ dqN Hkh dgks] ij ;g ?kksMk+ ugha nwaxkA
[k½ dqN Hkh dgks] ij ;g ?kksMk+ esjk ughaA
x½ dqN Hkh dgks] ij vki esjs lkFk pyksA
?k½ dqN Hkh dgks] ij eSa rqEgkjs lkFk ugha pyw¡xkA ( )

14- ?kksMs+ dks ns[kdj Mkdw [kM+xflag dh fLFkfr dSlh gksrh gS\ nks&rhu iafä;ksa esa mÙkj
fyf[k,A
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15- [kM+xflag ?kksMs+ dks D;ksa ykSVk nsrk gS\ blds rhu dkj.k fyf[k,A
i½ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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ii½ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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iii½ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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137
 lqn“kZu dh ^gkj dh thr* dgkuh esa çeq[k rhu pfj= gS& a ckck Hkkjrh] lqYrku vkSj Mkdw
[kM+xflagA bu rhuksa ds bnZfxnZ gh lEiw.kZ dgkuh ?kwerh gSA bu pfj=ksa dk fp=.k bl
çdkj gS&
^gkj dh thr* dgkuh dk çèkku pfj= ckck Hkkjrh gaSA os bl dgkuh ds uk;d gaSA os ,d
lkèkq gSa vkSj uxj ls nwj taxy ds ,d eafnj esa jgrs gaAS mUgsa fdlh Hkh pht dk eksg ugha
gSA mUgksua s vius lHkh :i;s] lkeku vkSj tehu dks R;kx fn;k gS vkSj vc rks mUgsa uxjh;
thou ls Hkh ?k`.kk gks xbZ gSA muds ikl èku&lEifr dk lap;u ugha gSA muds ikl gS
rks cl ,d ?kksMk+ ] ftls os csgn pkgrs gaAS ckck Hkkjrh ds pfj= dh igyh fo“ks’krk jgh
gS&ekuoh; çse ls vksrçksr gksukA muds ân; esa vikj çse gSA Hkys mudk dksbZ ifjokj
ugha gS] ysfdu os vius ?kksMs+ ^lqYrku* dks mruk gh çse djrs gS]a ftrus dh çR;sd ek¡&cki
viuh larku dks çse djrs gaSA muds ikl ek¡ dh eerk gSA blhfy, mUgsa lqYrku dks
ns[kdj mruh [kq“kh gksrh gS] ftruh ,d ek¡ dks vius csVs dks ns[kdj gksrh gSA os lqYrku
dks Lo;a gh da?kh djrs gaS] ?kkl f[kykrs gaS vkSj mldh vPNh&lh ns[kHkky djrs gaAS ;gh
ugha os ;gk¡ rd dgrs gSa fd lqYrku ds fcuk eSa jg ugha ldw¡xkA tc lqYrku dh pksjh
gks tkrh gS] rc os mlds fojg esa O;kdqy gks tkrs gaAS gj jkst lqcg Luku djds vuk;kl
gh mls ns[kus vLrcy esa tkrs gSa] mlds u fn[kus ls mnkl gksrs gSaA vr% tc ,d fnu
mUgsa lqYrku vLrcy esa vpkud fn[kkbZ nsrk gS] rc mls xys yxkrs gq, jksus yxrs gaS]
tSls dksbZ cki vius fcNM+s csVs dks vius lhus ls yxkrk gqvk jks jgk gksA fdlh tkuoj
dks euq"; le> ysuk] mldk viuh vkSykn dh rjg ykyu&ikyu djuk vkSj mlls
viuk ?kfu"V fj“rk cuk ysuk ;g ckck Hkkjrh ds pfj= dh vlkèkkj.k fo”ks’krk gSA
ckck Hkkjrh ds pfj= esa ,d lkèkkj.k euq"; dh Hkko&Hkkouk,¡ varfuZfgr gSAa tSls fd g"kZ]
fo"kkn] ?keaM] Hk; vkfnA ekuks ;fn fdlh vkneh ds ikl dksbZ vf}rh; oLrq gksrh gS] rks
mls mldk vfHkeku gksrk gS vkSj og viuh oLrq dh ç“kalk gjsd ls lquus ds fy, csrkc
gksrk gS] oSls gh ckck Hkkjrh dk pfj= gSA muds ikl lqanj] vkd"kZd vkSj cyoky ?kksMk+
gS] ftldh ç“kalk lquus ds fy, ckck Hkkjrh ges“kk mRlkfgr jgrs gSAa blhfy, os Mkdw
[kM+xflag dks ?keaM ls ?kksMk+ fn[kkrs gaAS os vius ?keaM esa ;g Hkwy tkrs gSa fd [kM+xflag
,d Mkdw gS] dksbZ lTtu O;fä ugha gSA ifj.kke Lo:i mudk ?keaM Hk; esa ifjofrZr gksus
esa T;knk le; ugha yxrkA Mkdw [kM+xflag tkrs le; mUgsa ?kksM+s dks pksjh djus dh
èkedh nsrk gS] ftlls ckck Hkkjrh Mj tkrs gSa vkSj vLrcy dh jkrHkj j[kokyh djus
yxrs gSAa
ckck Hkkjrh n;kyq LoHkko ds gaSA os nhu] nqcZy vkSj xjhc dh lgk;rk djrs gaSA blhfy,
os ,d vikfgt dks rhu ehy nwj NksMu+ s ds fy, vius ?kksMs+ ij fcBkrs ga]S [kqn iSny pyus
yxrs gaAS os vke vkneh dh rjg Bxs tkrs gSa] pw¡fd og vikfgt u gksdj cgq:fi;k
fudyrk gSA
ckck Hkkjrh ds pfj= dh lcls cM+h fo“ks’krk gS& lekt fgr dh fparkA tc ckck dk ?kksMk+
pksjh gks tkrk gS] rc mUgsa viuh gkfu dh fpark ugha gksrh] cfYd os blds lkekftd gkfu
138 ls vfèkd fpafrar gksrs gSA mUgsa yxrk gS fd blds ifj.kke Lo#i lekt esa xjhc dh enn
dksbZ ugha djsxkA ckck ds bl dFku dk çHkko Mkdw [kM+xflag ij Hkh iM+rk gS vkSj mldk
eu ifjorZu gksrk gSA bl rjg ckck Hkkjrh ds pfj= esa ekuoh; xq.k&nks"kksa dk jlk;u
fey tkrk gSA
^lqYrku* dgkuh dk nwljk pfj= gSA ^lqYrku^ ,d ?kksMk+ gS] tks ckck Hkkjrh ds ikl gSA
og lqna j vkSj cyoku gSA og ok;q osx ls nkSM+rk gSA mlds tSlk ?kksM+k bl iwjs bykds
esa ugha gSA mldh dhfrZ lHkh rjQ QSy xbZA Mkdw [kM+xflag Hkh mls ns[kus ds fy, cspuS
gksrk gS vkSj ns[kus vk tkrk gSA ckck Hkkjrh vkSj [kM+xflag ds chp gq, laokn lqYrku
dh fo“ks’krk,¡ js[kkafdr djrs gSAa ckck Hkkjrh iwNrs gaS fd] dgks dSls vkuk gqvk\ rc
[kM+xflag dgrk gS fd lqYrku dh pkg [khap ykbZA blij ckck dgrs gS fd fofp=
tkuoj gSA ns[kksxs rks çlUu gks tkvksxAs [kM+xflag Hkh dgrk gS&eSua s Hkh cM+h ç“kalk lquh
gSA ckck&mldh pky rqEgkjk eu eksg ysxhA [kM+xflag&dgrs gSa ns[kus esa Hkh cgqr lqna j
gSA ckck&D;k dguk! tks mls ,d ckj ns[k ysrk gS] mlds ân; ij mldh Nfo vafdr
gks tkrh gSA Mkdw&cgqr fnuksa ls vfHkyk"kk Fkh] vkt mifLFkr gks ldk gw¡A [kM+xflag dks
?kksMs+ dks ns[kdj vk“p;Z gqvkA mlus lSdM+kas ?kksMs+ ns[ks Fks] ijUrq ,slk yktokc ?kksMk+ mlus
ugha ns[kk FkkA mls yxk fd ,slk ?kksMk+ esjs ikl gksuk pkfg,A bl ckck dks ,slh phtksa
ls D;k ykHk\ og ?kksMs+ dh pky ns[kus dh bPNk çdV djrk gS vkSj mldh pky dks
ns[kdj mlds ân; ij lk¡i yksV tkrk gSA blds ckn ?kksMs+ dks og pksjh djds ys tkrk
gSA var esa okfil ykdj ck¡èk nsrk gSA ckck Hkkjrh tc vLrcy esa vk tkrs gS] rc lqYrku
vius ekfyd ds inpki dks igpku ysrk gS vkSj fgufgukrk gSA ckck mls xys ls yxk
ysrs gSaA tkfgj gS fd çLrqr dgkuh esa lqYrku viuh vfeV Nki NksM+ tkrk gSA mldk
pfj= ikBdksa dks dkQh çHkkfor djrk gSA
bl dgkuh dk rhljk pfj= gS&^Mkdw [kM+xflag*A vius uke ds vuqlkj gh mldk dke
gSA mlds uke ls yksx dka¡irs gSAa og dgkuh dk [kyuk;d gSA mldk vius bykds esa
vkrad Nk;k gqvk gSA mls ,d fnu irk pyrk gS fd mlh ds bykds esa ,d ckck jgrs
gSa vkSj muds ikl ,d lqna j ?kksMk+ gSA og ?kksMs+ dks ns[kus ds fy, cspSu gks tkrk gS vkSj
?kksMk+ ns[kus vk tkrk gSA ?kksMk+ cgqr gh lqUnj gSA mlds eu esa fopkj vkrk gS fd ,slk
?kksMk+ rks esjs ikl gksuk pkfg,A bl lkèkq dks bl ?kksM+s ls D;k ykHk\ nwljh ckr ;g fd
;g ?kksMk+ mls csgn ilan vkrk gS vkSj tks Hkh pht mls ilan vkrh gS] ml ij og viuk
vfèkdkj le>rk gSA og vius LoHkko ds vuqlkj ckck dks ?kksMs+ dks pksjh djus dh
[kqyv s ke èkedh nsrk gSA
[kM+xflag ?kksM+s dks pksjh djus ds fy, vikfgt dk :i èkkj.k djrk gS vkSj ckck dks
èkks[kk nsdj ?kksM+s ij dCtk djrk gSA ckck tc mls vkokt nsrs gSa] rc og #d rks tkrk
gS] ysfdu ?kksMk+ u ykSVkus dh ckr dgrk gSA ckck mldh ckr eku ysrs gaS vkSj mlls
fuosnu djrs gSa fd bl èkks[ks dh ckr fdlh ls er dgukA [kM+xflag viuh cqf) ls bl
ckr dk vFkZ ugha le>rkA tc ckck blds lkekftd nq"ifj.kke dks crkrs ga]S rc og bl
ckr dks HkyhHkkafr le>rk gSA
Mkdw [kM+xflag ds pfj= dk lcls mYys[kuh; igyw ;g gS fd] mls Hkh lkekftd fgr
dh fpark gSA og dksbZ ,slk dqdeZ ugha djsxk] ftldk ifj.kke nhu] nqcZy vkSj xjhc dks
Hkqxruk iM+As mlds ân; esa Hkh xjhc ds çfr laons uk varfuZfgr gSA mldk eu ifjorZu 139
 gks tkrk gS vkSj og ckck Hkkjrh dk ?kksM+k ykSVk nsrk gSA Mkdw [kM+xflag dk ;g dk;Z
gh dgkuh dh xfjek dks c<+krk gSA bl rjg Mkdw [kM+xflag dk pfj= çLrqr dgkuh esa
egÙoiw.kZ cu tkrk gS vkSj og dgkuh esa vius LFkku dks etcwr dj nsrk gSA

16- ckck Hkkjrh] lqYrku vkSj Mkdw [kM+xflag ds pfj= ls lacfa èkr fuEufyf[kr ç“uksa dk
laf{kIr mÙkj nhft,A
i½ ckck Hkkjrh ds pfj= dh fo“ks’krk,¡ fyf[k,A
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ii½ lqYrku dk pfj=&fp=.k la{ksi esa dhft,A

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iii½ [kM+xflag ds pfj= ij laf{kIr esa fVIi.kh fyf[k,A

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iv½ ckck Hkkjrh ds pfj= ds lkekftd i{k dks mtkxj dhft,A

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v½ [kM+xflag ds pfj= esa vkewy ifjorZu gksrk gS] foospu dhft,A

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lqn“kZu çsepan ;qx ds dgkuhdkj jgs gSaA ;g cgqeq[kh uotkxj.k dk ;qx FkkA bl ;qx
esa egkRek xkaèkh dk jktuhfr ,oa lekt ij dkQh çHkko iM+k FkkA njvly] lkfgR; Hkh
muds çHkko ls vNwrk ugha jgkA xkaèkhth ,d vkn“kZ lekt dh uhao j[kuk pkgrs FksA
muds vkn“kZokn us rRdkyhu lkfgR; dks çHkkfor fd;kA çsepan ;qx ds lHkh lkfgR;dkj
blh vkn“kksZaUeq[k ;FkkFkZ dh vfHkO;fä vius ys[ku esa djus yxs FksA dgkuhdkj lqn“kZu
dk uke buesa loksZifj jgk gSA mudh çfl) dgkuh ^gkj dh thr* ljLorh if=dk esa
1920 bZ- esa çdkf“kr gqbZ FkhA çLrqr dgkuh Hkh xkaèkhth ds n“kZu dk gh leFkZu djrh gSA
xk¡èkhth ân; ifjorZu esa fo“okl djrs FksA os ;g ekurs Fks fd dksbZ Hkh O;fä cqjk ugha
140
gksrk gSA euq"; ds Hkhrj dh ço`fÙk cqjh gksrh gS vkSj ;fn mldh Hkhrjh cqjkbZ fudy
tk;sxh] rks vius vki vPNkbZ vk tk;sxh vkSj rHkh ,d vPNs lekt dk fuekZ.k gks
ik,xkA lqn“kZu viuh dgkuh ^gkj dh thr* esa fcxM+s dk lqèkkj djrs gq, utj vkrs gSAa
bl dgkuh ds uk;d ckck Hkkjrh ekuoh; dY;k.k dh Hkkouk ls vksrçksr gaSA mUgsa
O;fäxr gkfu dh fpark ugha] lkekftd gkfu dh fpark gSA os viuk ?kksMk+ pksjh gksus ls
nq[kh ugha gaS] cfYd lekt esa dksbZ Hkh xjhc O;fä ij fo“okl ugha djsxk] blh fopkj ls
os fpafrar gaSA ,sls Å¡ps fopkj rks dksbZ xkaèkhoknh gh j[k ldrk gSA ;gk¡ dsoy fl)kar ugha
gS] cfYd mldk O;ogkj Hkh gSA blhfy, dgkuh ds var esa Mkdw [kM+xflag pksjh fd;k
gqvk ?kksMk+ ckck Hkkjrh dks ykSVk nsrk gSA mldk ;g lRdk;Z ekuoh; ewY;ksa dk csgrjhu
mnkgj.k cu dj gekjs lkeus vkrk gSA

17- bl dgkuh ds Hkkx 1 esa rRdkyhu lkekftd ifjos“k dk fp=.k djus okys nks va“kksa
dks çdkf“kr dhft,A
d½ ckck Hkkjrh dk thou
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[k½ Mkdw [kM+xflag dk ifjorZu

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18- dgkuh ds Hkkx 2 vkSj 3 esa ledkyhu lekt dh ekufld xfrfofèk;ksa ds –”; mHkjrs
gSa] foospu dhft,A
d½ Mkdw [kM+xflag dk ekufld cnyko
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[k½ ckck Hkkjrh dh ekufld fLFkfr

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lajpuk&f“kYi ds varxZr “kSyh] laokn vkSj Hkk’kk ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA ;gk¡ Hkh bUgha
rhuksa i{kksa ij la{ksi esa fopkj fd;k x;k gSA blls vki dgkuh dh Hkkf"kd vkSj “kSyhxr
fo“ks’krkvksa dks le> ldsx a As
141
 ^gkj dh thr* dgkuh esa o.kZu] fo“ys’k.k] HkkokRed vkfn “kSyh dk ç;ksx gqvk gSA çLrqr
dgkuh ds dsæa esa ^lqYrku* uked ?kksMk+ gSA dgkuhdkj lqn“kZu us lqYrku ds xq.k&lkSUn;Z
dks o.kZukRed “kSyh esa vfHkO;ä fd;k gSA lqYrku dk o.kZu bl rjg gS&og lqna j] cyoku
vkSj vkd"kZd gSA mldh dhfrZ pkjksa vksj QSyh gSA mldh pkgr Mkdw [kM+xflag dks Hkh [khap
ykrh gSA ckck Hkkjrh dks lqYrku vius ikl gksus dk ?keaM gSA Mkdw [kM+xflag mldk :i
ns[kdj vk“p;Zpfdr gks tkrk gS vkSj ok;q osx&lh xfr ns[kdj dk;y gks tkrk gSA lqn“kZu
us fo“ys’k.k “kSyh dk Hkh c[kwch ç;ksx fd;k gSA dgkuh ds vkjaHk esa ckck Hkkjrh vkSj lqYrku
ds lacèa k dk fo“ys’k.k fd;k x;k gSA ;g fo“ys’k.k dgkuh dks le>us esa lgk;d gks tkrk
gSA pfj= “kSyh esa ckck Hkkjrh dh pkfjf=d fo“ks’krk,¡ js[kkafdr dh xbZ gSAa ckck ds pfj=
esa çse] laons uk] lân;rk vkSj ekuoh;rk gS] ftldk lqna j fp=.k dgkuh esa feyrk gSA Mkdw
[kM+xflag dk Hkh pfj=&fp=.k dgkuh esa gqvk gSA mlds pfj= dk ekuoh; igyw okpdksa
dks dkQh çHkkfor djrk gSA HkkokRed “kSyh ls ;g dgkuh vR;ar laons u“khy cuh gSA ckck
vkSj ?kksMs+ dk Hkkoiw.kZ lacèa k ikBdksa dks xgjkbZ ls çHkkfor djrk gSA
bl rjg çLrqr dgkuh dks jkspd] fnypLi vkSj ftKklkoèkZd cukus esa mijksä “kSfy;k¡
dkjxj fl) gqbZ gSAa

dgkuh dks ltho cukus esa laoknksa dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA lqn“kZu us ^gkj dh thr*
esa laoknksa dk dq“ky ç;ksx fd;k gSA çLrqr dgkuh esa NksV]s ljy ,oa çHkkoh laokn gSaA
tSls ;g mnkgj.k nsf[k;s]
ckck Hkkjrh us iwNk] ^^[kM+xflag] D;k gky gS\^^
[kM+xflag us flj >qdkdj mÙkj fn;k] ^^vkidh n;k gSA^^
^^dgks] bèkj dSls vk x,\^^
^^lqYrku dh pkg [khap ykbZA^^
^^fofp= tkuoj gSA ns[kksxs rks çlUu gks tkvksxAs ^^
^^eSaus Hkh cM+h ç“kalk lquh gSA^^
^^mldh pky rqEgkjk eu eksg ysxh!^^
^^dgrs gSa ns[kus esa Hkh cgqr lqna j gSA^^
^^D;k dguk! tks mls ,d ckj ns[k ysrk gS] mlds ân; ij mldh Nfo vafdr gks tkrh gSA^^
^^cgqr fnuksa ls vfHkyk"kk Fkh] vkt mifLFkr gks ldk gw¡A ^^
;g laokn dgkuh esa tku Mkyrs gaS vkSj dgkuh esa jkspdrk ykrs gSAa bu laoknksa ls xqtjrs
gq, ikBd lgtrk ls jlkLoknu dj ysrk gSA dgus dh vko“;drk ugha gS fd ^gkj dh
thr* dgkuh dks lQy cukus esa laoknksa dk egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku jgk gSA
142
Hkk’kk dh ljyrk] lgtrk] Li’Vrk vkSj laç"s k.kh;rk gh dgkuh dks iBuh; cukrh gSA lqn“kZu
dk Hkk’kk ij fo“ks’k vfèkdkj jgk gSA bldk csgrjhu mnkgj.k ^gkj dh thr* dgkuh gSA
çLrqr dgkuh esa vklku] ljy vkSj Hkkoiw.kZ “kCnksa dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA mnkgj.k Lo#i
;g okD; ns[k yhft;s& Þckck Hkkjrh vkSj [kM+xflag vLrcy esa igqp ¡ As ckck us ?kksMk+ fn[kk;k
?keaM ls] [kM+xflag us ns[kk vk“p;Z lsA mlus lSdM+kas ?kksMs+ ns[ks Fks] ijUrq ,slk ck¡dk ?kksMk+
mldh vk¡[kksa ls dHkh u xqtjk FkkA ß;gk¡ nksuksa ds vareZu dk ljy “kCnksa esa fp=.k gqvk gSA
Hkk’kk dks çHkkoh cukus ds fy, lqn“kZu us ^gkj dh thr* dgkuh esa fo“ks"k.kks]a vyadkjks]a eqgkojks]a
ykdksfä;ksa vkSj dgkorksa dk csgrjhu ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA tSl& s Þ?kksMs+ dks [kksydj ckgj
x,A ?kksMk+ ok;q&osx ls mM+us yxkA mldh pky dks ns[kdj [kM+xflag ds ân; ij lk¡i
yksV x;kA og Mkdw Fkk vkSj tks oLrq mls ilan vk tk, ml ij og viuk vfèkdkj le>rk
FkkA mlds ikl ckgqcy Fkk vkSj vkneh HkhA ß;gk¡ [kM+xflag dh voLFkk dh vfHkO;fä ds
fy, ^ân; ij lk¡i yksV tkuk* eqgkojs dk ç;ksx lVhd ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl dgkuh
esa cksypky dh Hkk’kk dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA [kM+xflag tc ckck Hkkjrh ls feyus vkrk gS]
rc dgkuhdkj us cksypky dh Hkk’kk dk ç;ksx fd;k gSA tkfgj gS fd Hkk’kk dh ljyrk çLrqr
dgkuh dks laç"s k.kh; vkSj iBuh; cukrh gSA

dgkuh ds fo“ys’k.k ds ckn mldk ewY;kadu djuk vklku gks tkrk gSA ;gk¡ ewY;kadu
ls rkRi;Z dgkuh ds ckjs esa dksbZ fu.kZ; nsuk ugha] cfYd dgkuh dh ewy laons uk] çfrikn~;
vkSj “kh’kZd dh mi;qärk ij fopkj djuk gSA

^gkj dh thr* dgkuh dk ewy çfrikn~; ;gh gS fd tudY;k.k dh Hkkouk ls fd;k x;k
dksbZ Hkh dk;Z cgqr çHkko“kkyh gksrk gSA ;fn dksbZ O;fä LokFkZ dh Hkkouk ls Åij mBdj
yksdfgr ds Hkko ls vkpj.k djus yxrk gS] rks nq“eu ds ân; esa Hkh ekuork dh Hkkouk
dks txk ldrk gSA çLrqr dgkuh esa ckck Hkkjrh us ,sls gh ,d dk;Z dks vatke fn;k gSA
tc ckck Hkkjrh dk ?kksMk+ pksjh gksrk gS] rc mUgsa bl ckr dh fpark Fkh fd ;fn yksxksa dks
bl èkks[kkèkM+h dh ?kVuk dk irk py tk;sxk] rks os fdlh xjhc dh lgk;rk ugha djsx a As
ckck Hkkjrh ds bl egku ekuorkoknh fopkjksa dk xgjk çHkko Mkdw [kM+xflag ds O;fäRo
ij iM+rk gS vkSj mldk eu ifjorZu gks tkrk gSA tkfgj gS fd euq"; fdruk gh nq"V]
nqfoZpkjh vkSj nqO;Zogkjh D;ksa u gks] vfirq mlesa dgha u dgha ekuoh;rk cph gqbZ gksrh gSA
dsoy mldh ekuoh; laons uk dks txkus dh vko“;drk gksrh gSA O;fä dks ges“kk Lo
fgr dh vis{kk tu fgr dh fpark gksuh pkfg, vkSj ekuorkoknh –f"Vdks.k ls vkpj.k
djuk pkfg,] ;gh lan“s k çLrqr dgkuh ls feyrk gSA vkpj.k dh 'kq)rk] eu dh fueZyrk]
ân; dh fo“kkyrk] fo“odY;k.k dh Hkkouk vkfn bl dgkuh ds çfrikn~; gSaA
^gkj dh thr* dgkuh ekuoh; ewY;ksa dh LFkkiuk djrh gSA blesa çse] laons uk] n;k]
ijksidkj] tufgr] R;kx vkfn ekuoh; ewY;ksa dks LFkkfir djus dh tíkstgn dh xbZ gSA
143
 ;s ekuoh; ewY; euq"; thou dks larq"V] laiUu vkSj le`) cukrs gSAa buds vHkko esa
ekuoh; thou vlar"q V] foiUu vkSj xjhc cu tkrk gSA orZeku le; esa bu ekuoh; ewY;ksa
dh igys ls dgha vfèkd vko“;drk eglwl gks jgh gSA

^gkj dh thr* dgkuh dk “kh’kZd vR;ar mi;qä gSA bl “kh’kZd ls dgkuh i<+us dh
ftKklk eu esa mRiUu gksrh gSA vke rkSj ij fdlh Hkh [ksy esa gkj ;k thr gksrh gSA [ksy
esa ,d dh thr nwljs dh gkj gksrh gS vkSj ,d dh gkj nwljs dh thrA ysfdu ;gk¡ “kh’kZd
FkksMk+ vyx lk gS&^gkj dh thr*A ;g dSls laHko gS\ blh ftKklk ds pyrs ikBd lewph
dgkuh i<+rk gS vkSj lEiw.kZ dgkuh ls xqtjus ds ckn viuh ftKklk dk okLrfod
lekèkku çkIr dj ysrk gSA lpeqp ;g dgkuh vf}rh; gSA blesa ckck Hkkjrh uked ,slk
f[kykM+h gS] tks viuh gkjh ckth dks thr esa cny nsrk gSA mldh thr dsoy ,d O;fä
rd lhfer u jgdj leLr ekuork dh thr esa rCnhy gks tkrh gSA og fojksèkh ¼Mkdw
[kM+xflag½ dk ân; Hkh thr ysrh gSA ;g thr loZekU; gS vkSj blls lHkh vkuafnr gSAa
blfy, ;g “kh’kZd mi;qä yxrk gSA

19- uhps fn;s x;s va“kksa esa “kSyh dh –f"V ls fHkUurk crkb,A
d½ [kM+xflag bl bykds dk çfl) Mkdw Fkk------------------------------ ckckth] ;g ?kksM+k eSa
vkids ikl jgus ugha nw¡xkA ( )
[k½ ek¡ dks vius csVs vkSj fdlku dks vius ygygkrs [ksr dks ns[kdj tks vkuan vkrk
gS------------------------ mUgsa pSu ugha vkrk FkkA ( )
x½ jkf= ds vaèkdkj esa [kM+xflag ckck Hkkjrh ds eafnj esa igq¡pk-----------------vc dksbZ
nhu&nqf[k;ksa ls eqg¡ u eksMsx
+ kA ( )
20- bl dgkuh dh rhu Hkkf"kd fo“ks’krk,¡ fyf[k,A
d½ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[k½ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x½ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21- uhps fn, x, ç“uksa ds laf{kIr mÙkj nhft,A
d½ ^gkj dh thr* dgkuh ls gesa D;k lan“s k feyrk gS\
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[k½ ckck Hkkjrh ds pfj= dk lkekthdj.k gqvk gS] Li’V dhft,A
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 x½ ^gkj dh thr* dgkuh ds “kh’kZd dh mi;qärk fyf[k,A
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lqifjfpr jpukdkj lqn“kZu dh ^gkj dh thr* ,d dkyt;h dgkuh gSA bl dgkuh ds

rhu Hkkx gS& a vkjaHk] eè; vkSj varA dgkuh ds vkjaHk esa ckck Hkkjrh] lqYrku vkSj [kM+xflag
dh çkFkfed tkudkjh fey tkrh gSA tSls fd ckck ,d lkèkq ga]S lqYrku ,d lqna j ?kksM+k
gS vkSj [kM+xflag bykds dk çfl) Mkdw gSA ckck Hkkjrh ds ikl lqYrku gS] ftldh dhfrZ
Mkdw [kM+xflag ds dkuksa ij igq¡p tkrh gSA [kM+xflag mls ns[kus ds fy, vèkhj gks tkrk
gS vkSj ckck Hkkjrh ds lEeq[k gkftj gks tkrk gSA ckck mls viuk ?kksM+k fn[kkrs gaSA og
?kksMs+ ds jax] :i vkSj pky dks ns[kdj cgqr gh çHkkfor gks tkrk gS vkSj ?kksMs+ dks pqjkus
dh èkedh nsrk gSA ftlls Mjdj ckck jkr&fnu ?kksM+s dh j[kokyh djus yx tkrs gS]
fdUrq og ugha vkrk vkSj os dqN ykijokg gks tkrs gSAa dgkuh ds eè; esa tc ckck Hkkjrh
?kksMs+ dks Qsjk yxkus ds fy, ckgj ysdj tkrs gaS] rc mUgsa dksbZ iqdkjrk gSA ckck ns[krs
gaS fd dksbZ vikfgt gS vkSj mls nwj dk lQj r; djuk gSA mls ?kksM+s ij Lkokj djds
Lo;a iSny pyus yxrs gaS] fdUrq muds lkFk cgqr cM+k èkks[kk gks tkrk gSA og vikfgt
:ih [kM+xflag gS] tks mudk ?kksM+k gM+i ysrk gSA os Mkdw ls ;g dgrs gaS fd ;g ?kVuk
fdlh ds lkeus çdV u djuk] pw¡fd ;fn yksxksa dks ,l ?kVuk dk irk py x;k rks os
fdlh nhu&nq[kh vkneh dh enn ugha djsaxAs Mkdw ij bl ckr cgqr xgjk vlj iM+rk
gS vkSj og lksprk gS fd ckck ds fdrus egku fopkj gaSA mUgsa tufgr dh fdruh fpark
gSA ;g rks dksbZ balku ugha] nsork gSA mldk eu ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA dgkuh dk var
lq[kkar gS ftlesa [kM+xflag jkf= ds vUèkdkj esa ckck ds vLrcy esa ?kksMs+ dks ck¡èk vkrk gS
vkSj vius deksZa dk çk;f“pr djrk gSA ckck Hkkjrh vius ?kksMs+ dks okil ikdj vR;fèkd
çlUu gksrs gSaA bl rjg dgkuh dk dFkkud laiUu gksrk gSA
lajpuk dh –f"V ls Hkh ;g dgkuh egÙoiw.kZ gSA vkdkj dh –f"V ;g dgkuh y?kq gS vkSj
Hkk’kk dh n`f’V ls ljy] lgt vkSj lqcksèk gSA Hkk’kk dks HkkokRed vkSj fp=kRed cukus esa
vyadkj] eqgkojs] dgkorsa vkSj yksdksfä;ksa dk Hkh dq“kyrk ls ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA QyLo:i
dgkuh esa jkspdrk mRiUu gqbZ gSA blesa ç;qä NksV]s ljy vkSj çHkkoh laokn Hkh dgkuh dks
lthork çnku djrs gSAa o.kZu] fo“ys’k.k] pfj=] Hkko vkfn “kSyhxr fofoèkrk Hkh dgkuh dks
vkd"kZd cukrh gSA
dqy feykdj çLrqr dgkuh ls xqtjus ds ckn dgk tk ldrk gS fd O;fäxr fgr ;k
vfgr dh rqyuk esa lkekftd fgr dh fpark djuh pkfg,A ,d rjg ls ;g dgkuh O;fä
dh vis{kk lekt ,oa jk’Vª ds egRo dks çfrikfnr djrh gSA ekuoh; ewY;ksa dk tru djus
dh çsj.kk bl dgkuh ls feyrh gSA

1- ^deys“k* M‚- in~eflag “kekZ] eSa buls feyk] vkRekjke ,aM lal] fnYyhA 145
 2- xxZ] cztukFk] lqn“kZu% O;fäRo vkSj —frÙo] fo“o çdk“ku] ifV;kykA
3- jkaxzk] M‚- j.kohj] lkfgfR;d lk{kkRdkj] iwoksZn; çdk“ku] ubZ fnYyh
4- çks- oklqnos ] fganh dgkuh vkSj dgkuhdkj] ok.kh fogkj] cukjl

1- [k½ 2- x½ 3- d½ 4- d½
5- x½ 6- [k½ 7- ?k½ 8- [k½
9- x½ 10- d½ 11- d½ 12- x½
13- d½
14- [kM+xflag ?kksM+s dks ns[kdj] ns[krk gh jg x;kA og dgrk gS fd lpeqp ?kksM+k cgqr
gh lqanj gSA mls yxrk gS fd ,slk ?kksMk+ rks esjs ikl gksuk pkfg,] u fd lkèkqvksa ds
iklA ?kksM+s dh pky dks ns[kdj rks mlds fny ij lk¡i yksV tkrk gSA
15- i ½ [kM+xflag ls ckck Hkkjrh fuosnu djrs gSa fd vikfgt cudj èkks[ks ls rqEkus ?kksMs+
dks pqjk fy;k bl ckr dks fdlh ds lkeus çdV u djukA ugha rks yksx xjhcksa
dh enn ugha djsaxsA
ii½ ckck Hkkjrh dh mi;qZä ckr ij [kM+xflag cgqr fopkj djrk gSA mls yxrk gS
fd mUgsa lekt dh fdruh fpark gS] viuk ?kksMk+ pksjh tkus dk nq[k ugha gSA og
ckckth dh mnkjrk ls çHkkfor gksrk gSA
iii½ [kM+xflag dk eu ifjorZu gksrk gSA blhfy, og ckck Hkkjrh ds ?kksMs+ dks ykSVk
nsrk gSA
16- i ½ ekuoh;rk] lân;rk] laons u“khyrk] çse] ijksidkj] lekt fgr dh fpark
ii½ lqn
a j] cyoku vkSj vkd"kZdA ok;q osx ls nkSMu+ s okyk vkSj lHkh dks çHkkfor djus
dh {kerkA
iii½ dq[;kr Mkdw] vkrad QSyk gqvk] èkedh nsuo
s kyk] èkks[ksckt] ysfdu ekuoh;
laons uk ls Hkjk gqvk ân;
iv½ O;fäxr LokFkZ ls Åij lekt fgr dh fpark] xjhcksa dh lgk;rk ds fy, rRij]
lkeftd laons ukvksa ls ;qä eu] lkekftd ftEesnkjh dks le>us okyk pfj=
v½ Mkdw gksdj Hkh ekuork dk fgek;rh] lkeftd drZO; dk Hkko] euq"; esa Hkxoku
dks ns[kus dh mPp –f"V] eu ifjorZu ls vlkèkkj.k dk;Z dks vatke
17- d½ ckck Hkkjrh ,d lkèkq gSAa os xk¡o ls nwj taxy ds ,d eafnj esa jgrs gaAS os Hkxor
Hkfä djrs gSAa muds ikl ,d ?kksMk+ gS] ftls os viuh larku dh rjg çse djrs
146
 gSaA ?kksMs+ ds flok; mUgsa fdlh ckr dk eksg ugha gSA tkfgj gS fd ckck Hkkjrh
rRdkyhu lekt ds vPNs pfj= dk çfrfufèkRo djrs gaSA
[k½ [kM+xflag ,d Mkdw gSA mldk vkard vius bykds esa QSyk gSA tks pht mls
ilan vkrh gS] og ml ij viuk vfèkdkj le>rk gSA blhfy, og ckck Hkkjrh
dks èkedh nsrk gS fd ;g ?kksMk+ rqEgkjs ikl ugha jgus nw¡xkA bl rjg [kM+xflag
rRdkyhu lekt dh cqjkbZ dk çfrfufèkRo djrk gSA
18- d½ rRdkyhu le; cnyko dk Fkk vkSj mlesa ekufld cnyko dks fo“ks’k cy fn;k
tkrk FkkA [kM+xflag dk eu ifjorZu Hkh ml le; ds lekt ds ekufld
cnyko dk Js’B mnkgj.k gSA ;g ,d vlkèkkj.k ?kVuk gS] tks ifjos“k dh nsu
gSA
[k½ ?kksMs+ ds fojg esa ckck Hkkjrh dh ekufld fLFkfr uktqd gks tkrh gSA os lqcg
mBdj vuk;kl vLrcy dh vksj tkrs ga]S fdUrq ?kksMk+ ogk¡ ugha gSA var esa ?kksMs+
dks ikdj ckck Hkkjrh dh vk¡[kksa ls vkuan ds vk¡lw cgrs gSaA
19- d½ o.kZukRed “kSyh
[k½ fo“ys’k.kkRed “kSyh
x½ HkkokRed “kSyh
20- d½ laç"s k.kh;rk
[k½ cksypky dh Hkk’kk
x½ vyadkj] eqgkojs] yksdksfä;ksa dk ç;ksx
21- d½ ges“kk lR; dh fot; gksrh gSA lR; dHkh Hkh ijkftr ugha gksrk gSA blhfy,
gesa lR; ds ekxZ ij pyuk pkfg,A lR; dk Qy ehBk gksrk gSA
[k½ ckck Hkkjrh viuh O;fäxr gkfu dks lkekftd gkfu esa ifjofrZr dj nsrs gS aA
mUgsa viuh gkfu dh fpark ugha gS] vfirq lekt dh gkfu dk T;knk Hk; gSA ;gh
muds pfj= dk lkekthdj.k gSA
x½ bl dgkuh dk “kh’kZd vius ç;kstu dks çLrqr djus esa lQy gqvk gSA igys
rks ;g “kh’kZd fojksèkkHkkliw.kZ yxrk gS] ysfdu dgkuh ls xqtjus ds ckn mldk
fufgrkFkZ le> esa vkrk gSA blhfy, ;g “kh’kZd mi;qä yxrk gSA

%
çLrqr x|ka“k lqçfl) dFkkdkj lqn“kZu dh cgq fç; dgkuh ^gkj dh thr* ls yh
xbZ gSA bl dgkuh esa mi;qZä laokn ckck Hkkjrh vkSj Mkdw [kM+xflag ds chp rc
gksrk gS] tc ?kksM+k pksjh gksrk gSA blesa ckck Hkkjrh Mkdw [kM+xflag ls fuosnu dj
jgs gSaA
147
 ^gkj dh thr* dgkuh ds eè; Hkkx esa ?kksMs+ ds pksjh dh ?kVuk ?kfVr gks tkrh gSA ckck
Hkkjrh dk lqYrku uked ?kksMk+ [kM+xflag Bxh ls pqjk ysrk gSA ,d fnu tc ckck Hkkjrh
'kke ?kksM+s dks Qsjk yxkus ds fy, ckgj ys tkrs gSa rc ogk¡ [kM+xflag vikfgt dk :i
èkkj.k djds vk tkrk gS vkSj ckck ls rhu ehy nwj tkus dh vleFkZrk O;ä djrk gSA
ckck ml vikfgt ij n;k djrs gq, mls ?kksMs+ ij fcBkrs gaS vkSj [kqn ?kksMs+ dh yxke gkFk
esa èkjdj iSny pyrs ga]S ysfdu ,dk,d muds gkFk ls yxke NwV tkrh gSA igys rks os
dqN Hkh ugha le> ikrs fd ;g dSls gqvk\ ysfdu ckn esa le> tkrs gaS fd ;g vkifgt
u gksdj Mkdw [kM+xflag gSA vc ?kksMk+ rks muds gkFk ls fudy x;k gS] fdUrq mUgas bldh
fQØ ugha gSA muds eu esa dqN vkSj gh Hk; gS ftls os çdV djrs gq, dg jgs ga]S vc
?kksMs+ dk uke u yksA eSa rqels bl fo’k; esa dqN u dgw¡xkA esjh çkFkZuk dsoy ;g gS fd
bl ?kVuk dks fdlh ds lkeus çdV u djukA vFkkZr~ ;fn bl èkks[ks dk fdLlk yksx
lqux as ]s rks blds vkxs os fdlh xjhc dh lgk;rk ugha djsx
a As blfy, ;g ?kVuk ge nksuksa
rd gh lhfer jgs] lekt rd u igq¡pAs blesa lekt dh HkykbZ gSA os cM+h dq“kyrk ls
futh gkfu dks lekt dh gkfu ij ykxw djrs gSAa fuf“pr gh ckck ds bl dFku dk çHkko
Mkdw ds ekuliVy ij iM+rk gS vkSj mls vijkèkcksèk gksrk gSA

1- euq"; dks ges“kk futh ykHk&gkfu dh vis{kk lekt fgr dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,A
euq"; dh dksf“k“k ;fn ldkjkRed gS rks mldk ifj.kke ldkjkRed gh fudyrk gSA
2- cksypky dh Hkk’kk dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA
vkidh O;k[;k mi;qZä Hkk’kk esa gks] ;g vko“;d ugha] vfirq dgkuh dh ewy
laons uk dk è;ku j[ksaA
2- bldh O;k[;k dgkuh i<+dj vki Lo;a fy[kus dk ç;kl dhft, rFkk mi;qä
Z ckrksa
dk è;ku jf[k,A

148