READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

A.Y. 2024-2025 (MIDTERMS)

LESSON 1 – SITE OF THE FIRST • with the declaration of NHI, there

MASS were other claims that the first
Catholic Mass happened in a place
Antonio Pigafetta in Butuan called Masao
• chronicled the first circumnavigation • On March 31, 1521, Antonio
of the world Pigafetta claims that the first mass
in the Philippines was held at a
Gabriel Garcia Marquez place he calls Mazaua
• claims that Pigafetta’s writing is • the king sent two dead pigs
superfluous because they have
magical realism in it Fr. Pedro Valderama
• Pigafetta’s works and chronicles are • he presided the first mass
considered to be one of the most
important primary source in the PH MASAO/BUTUAN

March 18, 1521 1872: A monument to commemorate the

• the first contact site of the first mass in the Philippines was
• a group of locals riding in two boats erected in Butuan.
investigated the presence of these 1953: The people in Butuan asked the
people in Homonhon Philippine Historical Committee to
rehabilitate the monument and construct a
• Suluan was used by the Rajah as a
place marker on the site
base to monitor the situation in
Homonhon
LIMASAWA
LADRONES ISLANDS
• Francisco Albo, one of the pilots in
• presently known as the Marianas
Magellan’s expedition, kept a
Islands
logbook where he wrote that they
• “Islands of Thieves” erected a cross on a mountain that
overlooked the islands in the west
• Ten (10) days after arriving at the and the southwest
Ladrones Islands, Pigafetta
reported, they reached what he FRANCISCO ALBO’S LOG
called the Isle of Zamal, now Samar,
but Magellan decided to land in • The island was at 9 and two-thirds
another uninhabited island for degrees North Latitude
greater security, where they could
• From that island they sailed
rest for a few days.
westwards towards a large island
• On March 25, Pigafetta recounted names Seilani that was inhabited
that they saw two balanghai and was known to have gold.
(balangay), a long boat full of (Seilani or, as Pigafetta calls it,
people in Mazzava/Mazaus. The “Ceylon” was the island of Leyte)
leader, whom he referred to as the
king, became close with Magellan as March 31, 1521- Introduction of
they both exchanged gifts. Christianity [C]
If Enrique of Malacca is a translator,
Francisco Albo is a pilot.
National Historical Institute two dead pigs
• now known as NHCP or National Magellan’s cross
Historical Commission of the
Philippines Fr. Miguel Bernad
• declared that Limasawa was the site - he mentioned that there is no river
of the first Catholic Mass in the PH in Butuan

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READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
A.Y. 2024-2025 (MIDTERMS)

ANTONIO PIGAFETTA’S TESTIMONY - they were prominent Filipino priest

judge with treason and sedition
March 16, 1521 Magellan’s
expedition sighted Mariano Gomez
a "high lan”" - oldest (70s)
named “Zamal” - Chinese-Filipino
March 17, 1521 Landed in - Archbishop’s Vicar
uninhabited island
named Humunu Jose Burgoz
March 18, 1521 Exchanged gifts - youngest (35 yrs old)
with the locals - Spanish Priest of the Manila
March 22, 1521 The natives Cathedral
returned with food - close to Governor General de la
and other Torre
resources to share
March 25, 1521 Magellan and his Jacinto Zamora
men left Humunu - 37 yrs old
or Homonhon - Parish Priest of Marikina
March 28, 1521 Arrived at morning - unfriendly
of Holy Thursday at - arrogance or authoritative behavior
Mazaua Island
(emphasizing the 9 Jose Montero Y Vidal
2/3 lat) and stayed - Spanish historian
there for 7 days - his account on mutiny was criticized
as woefully biased
Republic Act No. 10086 or
Strengthening People’s Nationalism Governor Rafael Izquierdo
Act of 2009 mandates the NHCP to - does not want secularization (bcz he
“actively engage in the settlement doesn’t want our country to be
or resolution of controversies or monarchy—the king will be Jose
issues relative to historical Burgoz and Zamora)
personages, places, dates and - prohibited the School of Arts and
events.” Trades
Republic Act No. 2733, also known
as the “Limasawa Law”, was enacted Tribute (Tributo)
on June 19, 1960, to declare the - sign of the Filipinos loyalty to the
site of the first mass in the PH as a King of Spain
national shrine. The law is located in
Magallanes, Limasawa Island in the Polo y Servicio
Province of Leyte. - also known as force labor or free
labor
- all male Filipinos from 18-60 yrs
LESSON 2 – CAVITE MUTINY old are require to give their free
labor, called “POLO” to the
Cavite Mutiny government
- uprising of military personnel of
Fort San Felipe the Spanish arsenal Falla
in Cavite Philippines on January 20, - was a sum of money paid to exempt
1872 oneself from Polo y Servicio
- around 200 soldiers
- mutiny was unsuccessful Encomienda
- estate of land
GOMBURZA

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READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
A.Y. 2024-2025 (MIDTERMS)

Encomiendero First set of officers of the Katipunan

- landowner Supreme Council
❖ Deodato Arellano- President
Sergeant Lamadrid ❖ Andres Bonifacio- Supremo
- led the cavite mutiny ❖ Ladislao Diwa- Fiscal
- 200-men ❖ Valentin Diaz- Treasurer
❖ Teodoro Plata- Secretary
February 17, 1872
- execution of the GOMBURZA Emilio Jacinto
- Brain of the Katipunan
Dr. Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo De Tavera - wrote the famous Kartilya
- Filipino scholar and researcher
- wrote a Filipino version of bloody Gregoria De Jesus
incident in Cavite - Lakambini of the Katipunan

Edmund Plauchut Julio Nakpil

- French writer - nagging asawa ni Gregoria after
- complemented Tavera’s account and namatay si Bonifacio
analyzed the motivation of the
1872 Cavite Mutiny KATIPUNAN MEMBERSHIP

Category Name Password

LESSON 3 – ANDRES BONIFACIO AND First Grade Katipun Anak ng
THE 1896 PHILIPPINE REVOLUTION Bayan
Second Kawal GomBurZa
Andres Bonifacio Grade
- born on November 30, 1863, in Third Grade Bayani Rizal
Tondo, Manila
- Supremo ng Katipunan, Brain of the Discovery of the Katipunan
Revolution, Great Plebeian - In August 1896, the Spanish
authorities discovered the existence
Jose Rizal of the Katipunan through Teodoro
- born on June 19, 1861 Patiño
- Honoria- pinagsumbongan ni
Founding of the Katipunan Teodoro – pinakaunang
- July 7, 1892 marites/chismosa
- KKK- ( Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-
galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak The main goal is the total
ng Bayan) independence against Spain
- If La Solidaridad is a democratic (Note: DECALOGUE weren’t included
society, Katipunan is a secret society sa exam)

Objectives of the Katipunan August 23, 1896

• Total independence from Spanish - tearing of Cedula
Rule - Cry of Pugad Lawin or Cry of
• Equality and rights for Filipinos Balintawak
• Formation of a republic, inspired by
democratic idels First Battle of the Revolution
Aims of KKK - the first battle of the revolution took
• Political place at the town of San Juan del
• Economic Monte at dawn of Sunday, August
30, 1896
• Civic
- 1000 katipuneros
- left 153 dead comrades behind

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READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
A.Y. 2024-2025 (MIDTERMS)

- acted as go-between in the peace of

Governor General Ramon Blanco negotiations
- declared a state of war in eight
provinces (symbol ng 8 provinces ay December 14, 1897
ang pag raise ng sun) - Pact of Biak na Bato
❖ Manila - signed by Governor General
❖ Bulacan Fernando Primo de Rivera and
❖ Pampanga General Aguinaldo
❖ Nueva Ecija
❖ Tarlac Treaty of Paris
❖ Laguna - ended the Spanish-American war
❖ Cavite leading to new conflict of
❖ Batangas Philippine-American war
- Spain sold the Philippines to the
December 30, 1896 United States for 20 million dollars
- execution of Rizal as a part of Treaty

Revolutionaries were divided in two: Treaty of Versailles

Magdiwang- Bonifacio’s group - separated Spain and Portugal
Magdalo- Aguinaldo’s group
Diariong Tagalog/Kalayaan
Tejeros Assembly - nationalistic newspaper
- election of revolutionary
government PROPAGANDIST (Note: isa lang na pen
- March 22, 1897 name ang kinuha sa exam)

Daniel Tirona Graciano Lopez Jaena

- protested - Fray Botod and Diego Laura

May 10, 1897 Marcelo H. Del Pilar

- Execution of Bonifacio and his - Plaridel, Dolores, Manapat, Piping
brothers (Ciriaco and Procopio) Dilat and Pupdoh
- they were shot by a firing squad of
Aguinaldo’s soldiers in near Antonio Luna
Maragondon, under the comman of - taga-ilog
Major Lazaro Macapagal
Jose Maria Panganiban
November 1, 1897 - Jomapa
- establishment of Biak-na-Bato
Republic Jose Rizal
- the constitution was signed - Dimasalang and Laun-Laan

November 1- December 30, 1897 Apolinario Mabini

- Aguinaldo was again elected as - Paralitiko
President of Biak na Bato Republic
Andres Bonifacio
Governor General Primo de Rivera - Agapito Bagumbahay
- “I can captured their biak na bato
headquarters.” So, he sent the olive Mariano Ponce
branch of peace to Aguinaldo - Kalipulako, Naning, Satanas,
- offered to end the fighting on both Tikbalang
sides
Juan Luna
Dr. Pedro Paterno - Buan

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READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
A.Y. 2024-2025 (MIDTERMS)

Jose Dela Cruz

- Husengsisiw

Jose Corazon de Jesus

- Huseng batute

Pio Valenzuela
- Madlang-awa

Melchora Aquino
- Tandang Sora

Emilio Jacinto
- Dimas-ilaw

Type of Exam Items

Multiple Choice 35
Analogy 20
Identification (Fill in 15
the Blank)
Total: 70

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