Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg.

Table of Contents:

Stimulus Based Multiple Choice: 2 - 10

Multiple Choice Questions Include:

● F.D.R. radio address on national security

● Dr. T. Alexander MacNicholl, quoted in Presidentʼs Annual Address to the Womenʼs
Christian Temperance Union of Minnesota, 1912
● The Supreme Court (cartoon)
● President Woodrow Wilson, Message to the United States Senate, August 19, 1914
● Robert Seager II, Alfred Thayer Mahan: The Man and His Letters, 1977
● “The Chemist,” 1912
● Legal Immigration to the United States 1900-1945 (chart)

Short Answer: 11
Key: 12 - 19
 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 2

“The people of Europe who are defending themselves do not ask us to do their fighting. They ask
us for the implements of war, the planes, the tanks, the guns, the freighters which will enable
them to fight for their liberty and for our security. Emphatically we must get these weapons to
them, get them to them in sufficient volume and quickly enough, so that we and our children will
be saved the agony and suffering of war which others have had to endure.…
We must be the great arsenal of democracy. For us this is an emergency as serious as war itself.
We must apply ourselves to our task with the same resolution, the same sense of urgency, the
same spirit of patriotism and sacrifice as we would show were we at war.…”

President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Radio Address

“On National Security,” December 29, 1940

1. Roosevelt’s speech was most likely in response to which of the following?

A. Concerns regarding the rise of fascism and totalitarianism

B. Revelations regarding Japanese wartime atrocities
C. Disclosures related to Nazi concentration camps
D. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor

2. Which of the following could be best interpreted as reflecting the “arsenal of democracy”
approach described by Roosevelt in the passage?

A. U.S. maintenance of isolationism

B. International investment in peace treaties
C. Military intervention to promote a vision of international order
D. Trade of arms and munitions with friendly nations

3. The policy advocated by Roosevelt in the document above is most similar to which of the
following in a later historical period?

A. The United States’ major military involvement in Korea

B. President Jimmy Carter’s decision to provide arms to Afghan forces
C. The formation of the CIA
D. President John F. Kennedy's negotiation with the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile
Crisis
 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 3

“ . . . When four-fifths of the most representative men in America are pronounced unfit for war,
what shall we say of their fitness to father the next generation?... Boards of health, armed with
the police power of the state to eradicate the causes of typhoid and quarantine the victims, but
alcohol, a thousand times more destructive to public health, continues to destroy. Alcoholic
degeneracy is the most important sanitary question before the country, and yet the health
authorities do not take action, as alcohol is entrenched in politics. Leaders in politics dare not act,
as their political destiny lies in the hands of the agents of the liquor traffic. We are face to face
with the greatest crisis in our country’s history. The alcohol question must be settled within the
next ten years or some more virile race will write the epitaph of this country. . . .”

Dr. T. Alexander MacNicholl, quoted in Presidentʼs

Annual Address to the Womenʼs Christian
Temperance Union of Minnesota, 1912

4. The conditions described in the excerpt most directly led to

A. Expanded popular participation in government

B. Moral reform legislation
C. A stronger financial regulatory system
D. Federal legislation that regulated the relationships between politicians and businesses

5. The concerns expressed by the group cited above are most similar to the concerns expressed
by which of the following groups in a previous era?

A. The Federalists of the late 1700s

B. The Benevolent empire in the 1830s
C. The Populists of the 1890s
D. The Abolitionist movement in the 1840s and 1850s
 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 4

6. Which of the following could best be used to support the viewpoint presented in the cartoon?

A. The understanding that the New Deal did not end the Depression
B. Internment of Japanese Americans was not justified
C. The eventual passage of programs that expanded the scope of the federal government
D. Supreme Court actions that led to the ruling of New Deal programs as unconstitutional

7. New Deal policies most strongly advocated which of the following ideals?
 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 5

A. Public organizations were responsible for moral reform

B. Federal officials responsible for issues related to women's rights
C. The government should use its power to reform the American economy
D. National programs should be instituted to limit the overuse of natural resources

8. Which of the following groups most strongly sought to limit the actions of the Roosevelt
during the New Deal?

A. Populists
B. Conservatives in Congress
C. Radicals
D. Communists

9. Which of the following groups did not realign with the Democrats as a result of the New Deal
programs?

A. Ethnic groups, including Irish Catholics

B. African Americans
C. Working class labor union members
D. Northern Protestants
 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 6

“I venture, therefore, my fellow countrymen, to speak a solemn word of warning to you against
that deepest, most subtle, most essential breach of neutrality which may spring out of
partisanship, out of passionately taking sides. The United States must be neutral in fact as well as
in name during these days that are to try men’s souls. We must be impartial in thought as well as
in action, must put a curb upon our sentiments as well as upon every transaction that might be
construed as a preference of one party to the struggle before another.…”

President Woodrow Wilson, Message to the United

States Senate, August 19, 1914

10. Which of the following is most similar to the policy advocated by President Wilson in the
excerpt above?

A. President Andrew Jackson’s concerns regarding the role of the federal government
B. President George Washington’s Farewell Address
C. President Abraham Lincoln’s sentiments in the Gettysburg Address
D. President William McKinley's decision regarding a nationalist movement in the
Philippines

11. Which of the following later historical developments would represent the most dramatic
change to Wilson’s policy as stated above?

A. The decision not to ratify the Treaty of Versailles

B. The maintenance of U.S isolationism
C. Advocacy for the 14 Points
D. A refusal to join the League of Nations
 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 7

“[Alfred Thayer] Mahan… had long advocated the annexation of Hawaii, his arguments
invariably centering on defense of the Pacific coast, control of Oriental immigration, and the
strategic implications of Japanese expansion into the Central Pacific. He had again demanded
Hawaiian annexation as recently as February 1898 when Senator James H. Kyle, of South
Dakota, asked him for a statement on the strategic virtues and values of the islands. He cheered
in July 1898 when the United States, almost as a national-defense reflex, blinked twice, gulped,
and finally swallowed whole the Hawaiian group. As he wrote in mid-August, “In the opinion of
the Board, possession of these islands, which happily we now own, is militarily essential, both to
our transit to Asia, and to the defense of our Pacific coast.”

Robert Seager II, Alfred Thayer Mahan:

The Man and His Letters, 1977

12. The pattern described in the excerpt was foreshadowed by which of the following?

A. Migration to the United States from Mexico and elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere
B. Contradictory government policies toward Mexican immigration
C. The perception in the 1890s that the Western frontier was “closed”
D. Restrictions on immigration from China and Japan

13. Which of the following historical developments most directly resulted from the ideas
expressed by Alfred T. Mahan?

A. The Pacific campaign during WWII known as “island hopping”

B. An increase in U.S. involvement in Asia
C. A call for a defense of humanitarian and democratic principles
D. The rise of fascism

14. Which of the following was provided as a justification for the actions taken by the United
States in Hawaii and other locations around the globe?

A. Social Darwinism
B. The principle of self-determination
C. The U.S. foreign policy tradition of isolationism
D. The idea that Americans were destined to expand their culture
 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 8

“The Chemist,” 1912

15. The cartoon suggests that disparate groups that favored Progressivism typically shared which
of the following?

A. A belief in the power of individuals promote reform

B. Stricter immigration restrictions
C. Support for federal legislation that would effectively regulate the economy
D. A government response to the overuse of natural resources

16. The Progressive movement emerged most directly in response to which of the following
early-twentieth-century trends?
 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 9

A. The development of new technologies and manufacturing techniques

B. The movement of a majority of the U.S. population to urban centers, which offered
greater economic opportunity and instability
C. Migration that gave rise to new forms of art and literature that expressed regional and
ethnic identities
D. Advocacy for United States expansionism

17. The cartoon reflects which of the following criticisms of the Progressive movement?

A. The influence of corporate power

B. The lack of concern for the needs of the working poor
C. There were divisions over many issues
D. Some were violating policies of self-determination

18. Which of the following would be most likely to support the Progressive movement?

A. Recent immigrants
B. Middle-class white women
C. Industrial capitalists
D. African Americans
 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 10

19. Which of the following contributed most the changes shown in the graph between the years
1920 and 1930?

A. A greater production of consumer goods and greater personal mobility

B. Nativists encouraged the passage of restrictive quotas
C. The increased demand for labor and production
D. Migration to the United States from Mexico

20. Which of the following contributed to the decline in immigration between 1910 and 1920?

A. The Great Migration of African Americans

B. Laws were passed that restricted immigration from Mexico
C. Increasing public debates over assimilation and Americanization
D. International conflicts limited mobility
 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 11

SAQ 1:

“My thesis is that progressivism failed. It failed in what it - or what those who shaped it -
conceived to be its principal objective. And that was, over and above everything else, to restore
or maintain the conventional consensus on a particular view of the universe… Such a view, such
values, such modes were challenged by the influx of diverse religious and ethnic elements into
the nation’s social and intellectual stream…, and by the increasing centrality of a growing
proportion of low income, unskilled, wage earning classes in the nation’s economy and social
structure.”

Richard M. Abrams, historian, The Shaping of

the Twentieth Century, 1971

(a) Explain Abrams’s point of view as described in the excerpt above

(b) Explain one specific historical event during the era of Progressivism which supports Abram’s
point of view
(c) Explain one specific historical trend or event which contradicts Abram’s point of view

SAQ 2:
 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 12

(a) Explain the point of view of the cartoonist

(b) Explain one specific historical event or concept which supports the point of view of the
cartoon
(c) Explain a second specific historical event or concept which supports the point of view of the
cartoon
Question 1
 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 13

Correct Answer: A. Concerns regarding the rise of fascism and totalitarianism

Key Concept: 7.3.II.D
Theme: WOR-2.0
Historical Thinking Skill Historical Causation

Question 2

Correct Answer: D. Trade of arms and munitions with belligerent nations

Key Concept: 7.3.II.D
Theme: WOR-2.0
Historical Thinking Skill Using Relevant Historical Evidence

Question 3

Correct Answer: B. President Jimmy Carter’s decision to provide arms to

Afghan forces
Key Concept: 7.3.II.D
Theme: WOR-2.0
Historical Thinking Skill Comparison and Periodization

Question 4

Correct Answer: B. Moral reform legislation

Key Concept: 7.1.II.B
Theme: POL-3.0, POL-2.0
Historical Thinking Skill Historical Causation
 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 14

Question 5

Correct Answer: B. The Benevolent empire in the 1830s

Key Concept: 7.1.II.B
Theme: POL-3.0, POL-2.0
Historical Thinking Skill Periodization and Comparison

Question 6

Correct Answer: C. The eventual passage of programs that expanded the scope
of the federal government
Key Concept: 7.1.III.A
Theme: POL-3.0
Historical Thinking Skill Using Relevant Historical Evidence

Question 7

Correct Answer: C. The government should use its power to reform the
American economy
Key Concept: 7.1.III.B
Theme: POL-3.0
Historical Thinking Skill Comparison

Question 8

Correct Answer: C. Conservatives in Congress

Key Concept: 7.1.III.B
Theme: POL-3.0
Historical Thinking Skill Comparison

Question 9

Correct Answer: D. Northern Protestants

Key Concept: 7.1.III.C
Theme: POL-1.0
Historical Thinking Skill Comparison

Question 10

Correct Answer: B. President George Washington’s Farewell Address

Key Concept: 7.3.II.A and 3.3.II.C
Theme: WOR-2.0
 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 15

Historical Thinking Skill Periodization

Question 11

Correct Answer: C. Advocacy for the 14 Points

Key Concept: 7.3.II.A
Theme: WOR-2.0
Historical Thinking Skill Continuity and Change

Question 12

Correct Answer: C. The perception in the 1890s that the Western frontier was
“closed”
Key Concept: 7.3.I.A
Theme: WOR-2.0
Historical Thinking Skill Historical Causation

Question 13

Correct Answer: B. An increase in U.S. involvement in Asia

Key Concept: 7.3.I.A
Theme: WOR-2.0
Historical Thinking Skill Historical Causation

Question 14

Correct Answer: D. The idea that Americans were destined to expand their
culture
Key Concept: 7.3.I.A and B
Theme: WOR-2.0
Historical Thinking Skill Contextualization

Question 15

Correct Answer: A. A belief in the power of individuals promote reform

Key Concept: 7.1.II.A
Theme: POL-3.0
Historical Thinking Skill Comparison

Question 16
 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 16

Correct Answer: B. The movement of a majority of the U.S. population to urban

centers, which offered greater economic opportunity and
instability
Key Concept: 7.1.II.A
Theme: POL-3.0
Historical Thinking Skill Historical Causation

Question 17

Correct Answer: C. There were divisions over many issues

Key Concept: 7.1.II.A
Theme: POL-3.0
Historical Thinking Skill Comparison

Question 18

Correct Answer: B. Middle-class white women

Key Concept: 7.1.II.A
Theme: POL-3.0
Historical Thinking Skill Comparison

Question 19

Correct Answer: B. Nativists encouraged the passage of restrictive quotas

Key Concept: 7.2.II
Theme: MIG-2.0
Historical Thinking Skill Contextualization

Question 20

Correct Answer: D. International conflicts limited mobility

Key Concept: 7.2.II
Theme: MIG-2.0
Historical Thinking Skill Causation

SAQ 1:

Correct Answer: a. Abrams’ argues that Progressivism failed because it was too
challenges by the new influx of immigrants, the
development of a low income working class, and it never
 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 17

adapted.
b. Progressivism did only working within the system, and it
did not try to change the system (like more radical
elements). They were also often elitist. Because the group
was so diverse, it struggled to push for a cohesive set of
ideas. They also supported some ideas that have ultimately
been seen as controversial, including eugenics.
c. There definitely were some Progressive successes that
students could point to to illustrate that they didn’t fail -
Clayton Antitrust Act, 18th Amendment (Prohibition), the
19th amendment (women’s suffrage), John Dewey’s
progressive education, the political reforms like initiative,
referendum, recall and the primary system, the 17th
Amendment (the direct election of Senators) - obviously,
other answers are possible also

Key Concept: 7.1.II

Theme: POL-2.0

Historical Thinking Skill Comparison

SAQ 2:

Correct Answer: a. The cartoonist is pointing out that although the United
States claimed to intervene overseas to help those countries
(Spanish oppression, Industrial slavery, etc), the people who
intervened ultimately helped themselves.
b and c. Students can discuss any one of the five countries
mentioned, and how the takeover of that country played out.
The Philippines - The American-Filipino War, determined that
they could not have self rule, invaded to “Christianize” them
(even though they were already Christian), free them from
Spanish Oppression, the war was brutal
Hawaii - was annexed so that American sugar growers could
have a better tariff situation, removed Queen Liliuokalani
Puerto Rico - was taken to protect the U.S. Canal in Panama
Cuba - Invaded to protect them from the Spanish, even though
they had almost won the long war; the U.S fought for three days,
issues the Teller Amendment promising them self rule, and then
revoked that with the Platt amendment
Panama - Built a canal through Panama, and kept ownership of it
over the years, over gave it back to Panama in 1999.

Key Concept: 7.3.I.A and B

 Peacefield History © Period 7 - Exam pg. 18

Theme: NAT-3.0 and WOR-2.0

Historical Thinking Skill Comparison and Causation