Romania Population Economy and its effect on Romania as a stage 4 on

the DTS
As a country moves from the lower stages of the demographic scale to the higher stages there is generally a correlation with economic development. Stage 4

pyramid The pyramid starts with a narrow bottom and then till
some point linearly increases then you can see some
countries usually characterize themselves as countries with low birth rate and death rates, therefore indicating a more industrialized economy. Romania’s transition
to stage 4 suggests that its economy has undergone significant development and modernization. As a country progresses onto st age 4 its countries labor force
becomes more specialized and increases its focus on service-based industries. This shift is often the result of economic growthand the transition from an agrarian-
uneven increases until you reach the 45-49 age group based economy to a more industry-based system. The diversification of such labor forces is indicative of an advanced stage of economic development. The country
where it slowly declines not necessarily in a linear has on top of that applied many economic reforms to attract foreign investments to help stimulate economic development. This has led Romania to undergo heavy
Information a bout birth rates and death ra tes pattern then suddenly spikes up at 70-74 which then it
industrialization with the establishment of manufacturing- industries and the growth of the service sector; all of this has led to an increase in living standards. The
Romanian government has also heavily invested in the development of infrastructure, such as transportation 2networks, energy systems, and telecommunications
after it exponentially decreases. Overall, the whole therefore enhancing the connectivity of the country. Furthermore, Romania's accession to the European Union in 2007 has played a significant role in
- Low crude birth rates pyramid looks like a deformed rectangle. The bottom its development by providing access to the EU single market; which has allowed many trade and investment opportunities for the country. Overall this development
- Low crude death ra tes half of it slowly gets a bit wider than the fourth of the in the economy over a prolonged period of time has prevented the birth rate from going to an all-time high to a period of negative birth rate. As the economy of
remaining pyramid slowly decreases, till it spikes at one Romania developed it experienced improvement in healthcare, education, and living conditions. These factors contributed to the decline in mortality rate and in an
age group and then exponentially gets smaller. incline in life expectancy, leading to a transfer to lower birth rates
The s hape of the Romanian
Popul ation pyramid is quite Culture and its effect on Romania as a stage 4 on the DTS
even, meaning the pyramid How Romania became a stage 4 on the DTS
as stage 4 on the demographic transition scale, Romania has experienced declining birth rates, this decline is due to the cul tural factors revolving around in
ca n be stationary, therefore Romania has a complex high-income economy with a skilled Future Romanian society. This decrease can be influenced by the ever-changing societal norms. Increased access to education and career opportunities for women,
labor force, and considering the fact that they are placed
both the mortality ra te and 12th in the EU by total nominal GDP and is also the 7th Romania aims to accelerate its structural reforms and strengthen institutions and the general desire for smaller families. The culture has slowly shifted towards individualism, career development and per sonal fulfilment. Factors such as
higher education, career aspirations and economic stability have become prevalent before marriage which therefore results in numerous more late marriages.
the bi rth rate are low, which largest economy in the EU we can easily infer a large supporting convergence with the EU. The country has also shown continuous This trend has resulted in overall decrease in fertility rate and creates a shift towards smaller families. Romania has also experienced significant urbanization in
urbanization rate that accommodates itself with stage 4 and economic growth over the years and even has recreated the OEC average
i s a n i ndication of a income per capita. Though Just like other countries in such a developed
recent decades, where a larger population is growing up. Urbanization represents itself with low birth and death rates therefore all the young individuals
3 on the demographic transition scale. Economic growth is growing up here are raised to value and emphasise career development and individual goal rather than solely based on raising a family which is a type of ideal
devel oped country or a also a prominent aspect, as Romania has been consistently phase, Romania is also facing the long-term issue of demographic greying. commonly found in these rural areas.
s tage 4 country which the country with the largest economic growth in the EU Which can be an issue for future generations in terms of the workforce. So to
since 2010. All of this improvement and the development of tackle this major issue Romania in the next few years should implement Historical events and how they formed Romania in
Roma nia is certain policies that promote families is what led to policies that encourage higher birth rates such as parental advantages; tax
incentives, affordable child-care facilities, etc. Attracting skilled labor would terms of demographics today.
Romania's growth. Overall, over the past 2 decades,
Romania has rapidly converged towards the OCED average also be an effective way to tackle the situation. Developing immigration Romania has faced many atrocities and many positive revolutions. All these events have shaped up to form what Romania is toda y even if the
per income per capita, therefore indicating economic policies that attract young skilled workers to fill labor gaps within the contributions were minor. These specific historical events include communist rule, Romanian principalities, Freedom from the Ottoman Empire, Interwar
resilience and therefore how this accumulative growth demographics would work though it’s a less reliant solution. Other solutions period, Joining the European Union “EU”. A few of them include....
resulted in today's Romania being considered a stage 4 on also include increasing labor force participation (encouraging older people to
the demographic transition scale work), Enhancing healthcare and Long–term care (meeting the aged Communist rule (1947-1989): The communist rule which lasted from 1947 to 1989 was characterized by the leadership of Nicolae Ceausescu and the
population's need so that they can work), ensuring sustainable pension rates Romanian communist party. In the time that they were present and in power, they shaped many crucial laws, policies, and model s that affected the
(increasing the retirement age, adjusting contribution rate, and diversifying demographics in very positive manners. These changes and actions were taken in action which are....
pension funding sources so mor). Overall Romania is in a state of economic • Urbanization: Under communist rule; there was a strong emphasis on the industrialization and urbanization of the country. As a result, many

Romania Population Density rise but in a demographical downfall, so they have to reform their policies to people fled the rural areas in search of higher-paying jobs and ultimately better lifestyles. This led to a rapid increment in urbanization and
match the ongoing conflicts. exponentially increased the population growth in urban areas.

Distribution
• Pronatalist policies: The communist rule also aimed pronatalist policies to increase the population. These policies included restricting abortions,
The population density in Romania is 86 per square kilometer. The total land area is 230,170 kilometers squared, and contraception, and other incentives for larger families. Overall, these policies helped a lot in increasing the population wi thin this period.
approximately 52.1% of the population is urban. These are the most populous regions of the country and why they
are so populous: • Decrease in emigration: The communist regime also restricted emigration making it tough for people to go out of the country. This led to a
decreased emigration rate during the communist era and then suddenly spiked in 1989 when the regime ended.
1. Bucharest: Bucharest is the capital of Romania and also the largest city in Romania. It has a population of
about 1,877,155 people. It mainly attracts the most population due to its economic opportunities (as the large Romanian principalities (1600 – 1859): The Romanian principalities which existed from 1600 all the way to 1859 played a significant role in shaping
majority of rich companies in Romania settle here), educational institutes, and cultural attractions (national art Romania’s demographic layout and laying the foundation for the country's development in ways such as....
museum, The Romanian Athenaeum, etc). • Consolidation of the Romanian identity: The rulers of the Romanian principalities sought to unite the Romanian-speaking territories and
prevent them from other external influences. This led to the preservation of Romanian identity such as their language, cultur e, traditions which
2. Lasi: Lasi is the second largest city in Romania, so the size also plays a factor, it has a total population of became the definitive elements of the country's identity.
318,012. It also attracts a large population it is the home of many universities and research institutes. Lasi is
also known for its rich history, beautiful architecture, and vibrant scenery. Freedom from the Ottoman Empire - (1878): The freedom from the Ottoman Empire in 1878 led to many reforms and brought many significant effects
on Romania. Here are some ways that freedom from the Ottoman empire affected the Romanian’s demographics....
3. Cluj–Napoca: Cluj–Napoca is also another important city in Romania with a population of 316,748. It is • Territorial expansion: The treaty of Berlin in 1878 led to the recognition of Romania’s independence and territorial expansion. Romania gained
considered a center of education and has a thriving IT industry making it a center for young professionals and much land from the Ottoman Empire including parts of Dobruja, which increased its overall land and population.
students
• Population growth: The additional land added to Romania resulted in a natural increase in citizens which led to population gr owth.
4. Timisoara: Timisoara has a population of approximately 315,053 people. It is a significant economic and
industrial center in western Romania. It is known for its historical importance as it is the birthplace of the 1989 • Ethnic Diversity: The Ottoman Empire consisted of a diverse range of cultures, so by adding land to Romania much of these cul tures were
Romanian revolution (freedom from communist Romania). It has a vibrant cultural scene and is often referred introduced to Romania therefore broadening the cultural horizons.
to as "little Viena" due to its architectural resemblance to the Austrian capital.
• Migration and resettlement: The freedom of the Ottoman Empire also led to an increase in migration and settlement rates. Some populations
Overall what seems to be the case is that the Romanian citizens choose to live in 5. Craiova : Craiova is a city with a population of 304,142 people. It is also another economic and cultural center moved with Romania while others migrated to neighbouring countries. This movement affected the demographic makeup of both Romania and
places where various factors such as economic opportunities, educational institutes, in the Oltentia region of Romania. Craiova has a strong industrial base, particularly in the automotive other countries.
cultural attractions, and historical significance are present. These offer a range of manufacturing sector. It is also known for its historical landmarks and museums.
amentities, employment opportunities, and a high quality of life which attracts not
only the Romanians but all populations capable of affording that lifestyle
 Niger Population Niger Romania

pyramid This population pyramid closely resembles

the pyramids, it starts our large from the
Birth Rate 46.86 births Birth Rate 8.36 births

top and exponentially declines in width as it

progresses. This type of population pyramid Death Rate 9.66 deaths Death Rate 14.92 deaths
Information a bout birth rates and death ra tes is what we call an expansive population
- Modera tely high death rates pyramid. The rate of decrease between 2 Rate of Natural Increase 3.66% Rate of Natural Increase -1.01%
age groups exponentially declines as the (Growing/Shrinking) (Growing/Shrinking)
- Very hi gh birth rates age groups progress onwards; making
This type of population pyramid is what we call somewhat of a curved triangle .
Total Fertility Rate 6.73 per Total Fertility Rate 1.63 per
an expansive population pyramid. This type
women women
generally associated itself with larger numbers
of the population in the younger age groups,
whereas the older groups usually decrease as
Why Romania is considered a stage 2 on the DTS
we go up the age group ladder. This type of Life Expectancy 60.48 years Life Expectancy 76.31 years
population pyramid is found in countries with Niger is still definitely underdeveloped due to its heavy
reliance on agriculture and not as much on industrial Future
high fertility rates and lower-than-average life
aspects. They also have low literacy rates and are very As the population will keep naturally increasing, Niger should Population (Total) 25,396,840 Population (Total) 18,326,327
expectancies. Also, these types of pyramids
have a relatively high mortality rate, short life vulnerable to climate shock; not to mention the high focus on diversifying their economy, and not focusing on
expectancy, and a low proportion of elderly poverty levels within the country. Niger itself has faced uranium and agriculture. By diversifying their economy they
Population Change 3.66% Population Change 1.01%
people. reduction in mortality rates as the healthcare has been stand on more even ground and therefore can implement
increase per decrease per
improved over the years which is yet again another further policies to help the development of their country. They
annum annum
characteristic of stage 2. Improved health-care, access to should also create family-specific incentives that promote
medical facilities and advancement in medical smaller families for example tax incentives, etc. They should
technology. Despite the declining fertility rate Niger still also focus on dimming the political unrest and reducing the
has a high fertility rate, this means the country still cultural strain on people by implementing certain policies to Historical events and how they affected Niger in
continues to have a high rate births, leading to a large tackle the gender gap. terms of demographics today.
population of young people within the demographics. Economy and its effect on Niger as a stage 2
Niger has faced many atrocities and many positive revolutions. All these events have shaped up to form what Niger is today ev en if the contributions on the DTS
were minor. These specific historical events include colonial rule, Independence, Drought and famine, Political instability a nd Coups.
Niger’s economy has undergone progress over the

Niger Population Density Colonial rule: The colonial rule from the late 19th century to the mid- 20th century had a significant impact on the country's demographics in ways such
as but not limited to...
• Borders and ethnic composition: During colonization the European powers divides Africa into arbitrary borders, often rbitrary borders
years. They have worked on developing further solutions
to tackle the instability within their country. Such a
example would be their economic recovery in 2022

Distribution The population of Niger is approximately 21 people per kilometer ( 56

completely ignoring the already existing ethnic and cultural boundries. This led to modern day Niger, with its current ethnic composition of
multiple borders encompassing various ethnic groups.
which shows great signs for plans that Niger might have
to improve their economy. Generally, Niger's economy
heavily relies on agriculture, in fact, agriculture
people per mile). The total land area of Niger is 1,266,700 squarekilometers • Migration and labor: The colonial period saw an increment in migration rates within Niger. Many people migrated from rural areas to urban contributes about 40% of their GDP. Uranium deposits
(489, 075 square miles). Approximately 16.9% of the population is urbanized centers attracted by the job opportunities presented by the colonial administration, these employment opportunities included things us ch as are also another means Niger uses to increase its cash
while the other remaining population resides in rural areas. Niger is Mining, agriculture, and administrative roles. influx and upgrade its economy. Overall Niger’s
especially known for it's low-density rates, considering the fact that 94% of economy is poorly diversified with heavy reliance on
the population lives on only 35% of the land. These main places and the • Economic development: Colonial rule over Niger and Africa brought changes in the economic structure. The exploitation of natural resources agriculture and uranium. Diversifying the economy is
and the introduction of cash crops influenced the employment/occupation patterns where individuals usually shifted from sustenance crucial for long-term sustainability.
reason why people choose to live in these locations are...
farming to cash crop cultivation or engaging in wage labor. These economic changes affected population distributions throughout the country
and helped form today’s demographic dynamics.
1. Niamey: Niamey is the capital and the largest city in Niger. It is
located in the southwestern part of the country along the Niger River. Culture and its effect on Niger as a stage
Independence: The independence of Niger in 1960 had a significant effect on the country in terms of demographics, some of these crucial waysthat
Niamey serves as the economic, administrative, and cultural center of this country’s demographic was affected by the independence include...
2 on the DTS
Niger. Its population stands at approximately 1.3 million people. The • Population growth: Since the Independance from colonial rule in the 1960’s Niger’s population has been rapidly increasing. In 1960 the Niger Culture within Niger plays a tremendous role. Further
city's strategic location (Niger river), infrastructure, and economic population was estimated to be 3 million and it has been expanding ever since. exemplifying; in terms of fertility, it is a common belief
opportunities attract the large population living in this city.
in Niger as to early marriages, gender roles, and the
• Political changes: Independence brought a shift in terms of political power and governance. Niger instantly transferred from being a French desire for large families contribute to the fertility rate.
2. Zinder: Zinder is the second-largest economy in Niger, located in the colony to a country of its own to which it reacted to by adopting a constitution, and converting their government type to become republic Traditional norms also affect healthcare in a dramatic
eastern part of the country. It has a population of about 300,000 manner, these cultural beliefs may hinder the use of
people. Zinder is considered a important trading and transportations • Challenges: Despite gaining independence Niger has faced various challenges, including frequent droughts and famine. These fa ctors have modern healthcare services and in return damage the
hub connecting Niger with other countries. influenced the country’s demographics and socio-economic situation. healthcare sector of Niger. Cultural norms surrounding
childbirth and child-rearing also affect the child mortality
Political instability and Coups - (to this day): Political instability and coups in Niger have had a significant effect on the countries demographics in ways
3. Maradi: Maradi is the third largest city in Niger, located in the rate. Culture can also affect the education of young
In contrast, the non- so populous regions in Niger have but not limited to: individuals, especially girls and women. In Niger cultural
Southern part of the country. It has a population of 267,249 people. Population Displacement: Political instability often leads to internal displacement and migration. People may flee their home s due to violence,
limited economic opportunities, less developed • practices such as early marriages, and gender roles may
Maradi is known for its vibrant marketplace and agricultural activities insecurity, or economic hardships caused by political instability ( Ex. Geopolitical conflict in Sahel)
infrastructure, and a predominantly rural lifestyle. These hinder access to education leading to lower literacy
which makes it a hotspot for many businesses as Niger is still
regions also rely on heavy agriculture and traditional rates and limited knowledge about family planning
considered an agrarian country. The city's proximity to Nigeria and its • Economic impact: Political instability can hinder economic development and negatively impact people’s lives. Instability ofte n leads to a
livelihoods. The lower population density in these areas can methods and therefore increased fertility rates.
role as a commercial center make it a populous area. decline in investments, a reduction in economic opportunities, and increased poverty rates. These economic hardships can affect population
also be attributed to factors such as geographical features,
growth and demographic patterns such as fertility rates and mortality trends.
climate, and historical settlement patterns