Humanities

Questions 656–665 are based on the following information.

This passage is adapted from Italian Renaissance Art: Understanding Its Meaning, by Christiane
L Joost-Gaugier (Wiley 2013).
656. The author notes all of the following similarities between Pontormo’s Deposition and
Masaccio’s Trinity EXCEPT:
(A) both were significant commissions.
(B) both were painted within the same century.
(C) neither can become outdated.
(D) both were owned by Florentine churches.

657. According to the passage, the effect of the way Masaccio’s Trinity manipulates
architectural elements to position its viewers serves to:
(A) invite them to share in the sorrow of the mourners and pray.
(B) convince them that the scene is real and the figures are rational.
(C) encourage them to look upon the central figure with awe and reverence.
(D) allow them to determine the actual time period in which the scene takes place.

658. According to the passage, how many figures are depicted in Massacio’s Trinity?
(A) 4
(B) 5
 (C) 6
(D) A number greater than 6
659. When the author notes in line 2 that art cannot be “dated,” she most nearly means
that:
(A) knowing the creation dates of some pieces of art is nearly impossible.
(B) works of art do not become obsolete as new works are created.
(C) the study of art history is necessary to appreciate older works of art.
(D) that much like modern science, art becomes progressively more relevant over time.

660. Which of the following original techniques does Massacio use to incorporate the viewer
into the painting’s setting?
(A) The representation of a barrel vault
(B) Earthy and naturalistic colors
(C) Gesturing figures
(D) The placement of smaller figures around a larger central figures

661. Which of the following does the author offer as evidence to back up her claim in line 49
that “Christ is victorious”?
(A) Christ is still a popular subject in art despite his death.
(B) Christ is the focal point of the painting.
(C) God supports Christ’s lifeless body from behind.
(D) A rational light illuminates Christ’s head.

662. When the author states that the figures in Masaccio’s Trinity are naturalistically
formed, she is most likely saying:
(A) the figures were drawn by hand.
(B) the figures are representative of real people with real emotions.
(C) the paints used to create the figures were made from natural resources.
(D) painting the figures came naturally to the seasoned artist.

663. Ennobled as it is used in line 81 most closely means:

664. Which of the following does the author consider an insignificant amount of time when it
comes to “the big picture of the history of art?”
(A) 50 years
(B) 100 years
(C) 500 years
(D) 1,000 years

665. In relation to the rest of the passage, the fourth paragraph serves to:
(A) discuss artistic techniques used to create the painting.
(B) show how Masaccio’s Trinity differs from Pontormo’s Deposition.
(C) emphasize the importance of the figures surrounding Christ.
(D) explain how the artist distinguishes the key figure in the painting.

Natural Science
Questions 666–675 are based on the following information.

This passage is adapted from Natural Disasters in a Global Environment, by Anthony N. Penna and
Jennifer S. Rivers (Wiley 2013).
666. The primary purpose of the passage is to:
(A) show that supervolcanoes, though rare, are the most dangerous threat to Earth’s
existence.
(B) explain how supervolcanoes may cause catastrophic changes to Earth and its atmosphere.
(C) compare the eruption of Mt. Toba to other volcanic eruptions.
(D) describe in detail the eruption of Mt. Toba and its effects.
667. Given that the authors of the passage refer to Mt. Toba as “the most studied of all
known supervolcanos in geological time,” one may find it surprising that:
(A) the supervolcano is considered a catastrophic threat to human life.
(B) ice cylinders are used to garner information about the supervolcano’s eruption.
(C) no precise measurements exist of its projected material.
(D) Mt. Toba could potentially create a volcanic winter.

668. According to the passage, scientists Stephen Self and Michael R. Rampino feared that the
effects of a Mt. Toba eruption could potentially lead to:
(A) the end of human and animal life.
(B) a volcanic winter.
(C) the end of several continents.
(D) global warming.

669. In comparison to the Younger Toba Turf eruption, the most considerable recorded eruption
of Mt. Toba was:
(A) relatively insignificant.
(B) equal in terms of ejected material.
(C) far more significant.
(D) equal in terms of deadliness.

670. The authors reference all the following as evidence of the magnitude of the YTT eruption
EXCEPT:
(A) deposits of Toba tephra spread across the Indian Ocean.
(B) deposits of Toba tephra in the South China Sea.
(C) evidence of Toba tephra in the earth’s surface across the entire planet.
(D) YTT tephra uncovered by deep-sea drilling.

671. According to the passage, the high readings in the atmosphere recorded in the Greenland
Ice Sheet are subject to an error margin of about:
(A) 1 year
(B) 5 years
(C) 10 years
(D) 100 years

672. As it is used in line 19, stagnant most closely means:

673. According to the passage, during which of the following periods did the earth experience
no super-eruptions that rivaled the size of Mt. Toba’s?
(A) BP period
(B) Volcanic winter
 (C) The year without summer
(D) Common Era
674. The primary purpose of the seventh paragraph (lines 69-83) is to:
(A) point out the magnitude of a Toba eruption.
(B) demonstrate how Toba’s eruption could lead to long summers and short winters.
(C) pinpoint where Toba’s deposits were found after they were ejected from the
supervolcano.
(D) demonstrate the differing opinions of scientists.

675. According to the passage, evidence uncovered in Antarctica’s Vostok ice core suggests
that the worldwide drop in temperatures of about 7 degrees likely occurred between:
(A) 300,000 and 200,000 years ago
(B) 200,000 and 100,000 years ago
(C) 80,000 and 75,000 years ago
(D) 50,000 and 25,000 years ago
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